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White Paper

The Wireless Electrical Grid LAN (WiGLTM)

Robert Rickard, President

RCG Holdings, LLC

RCG Holdings is the licensing agent for WiGL technology on behalf of Glover 38th

Street Holdings (G38) Wi-GL, WIGL, and Wireless Electrical Grid LAN, are USA trademarked names for the technology described herein

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Over the past 50 years, the volume of use, technological advance, and variety of

applications for battery powered devices has grown exponentially. Indeed, the appetite

for miniaturization of these devices and ever increasing power for them has become a

foundational tenant of the modern-day consumers’ psyche. Unfortunately, during this

same period, solutions have addressed the challenge on the component level rather than

mitigating the strategic problem of efficiently powering or recharging these devices. The

tradeoff between battery powered device usage and device recharge (usually resulting in

down time) has become a critical part of how billions of users conduct their daily lives.

Today, there are only three battery-powered device charge/recharge options:

1. Connect to an electrical alternating current (AC) grid via wires and cords

2. Connect to the electrical direct current (DC) grid (a battery)

3. Inductive (near field) charging through inductive coupling with a device. This

necessitates close proximity or physical contact betweene charger and device.

Our novel WiGLTM technology enables a fourth option, which is far less intrusive and

fundamentally more versatile:

4. A continuous, directed radio frequency (RF) or electromagnetic radiation (EMR)

wireless local area networked (WLAN) smart powering and/or recharging

The innovation of Wireless-electric Grid Local Air Networks (WiGLTM) brings forth a

novel capability drastically reducing cost, shortening downtimes, and improving the

value proposition of countless goods and services. Market application potential is

unbounded. WiGLTM allows any authorized user to wirelessly power or recharge without

wires, cords or direct outlet connections. In addition to charging, WiGLTM can also pass

traditional data and encryption to/from devices. Instead of using one form of power for

recharge and another for data, WiGLTM enables both simultaneously – effectively

doubling the efficiency of every handheld electronic device!

WiGLTM is simple…it is the act of purposeful and directed energy transfer from a source

to a device utilizing the electromagnetic spectrum instead of a wire.

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The Wireless Electrical Grid-LAN1 (WiGL) is a novel way to

wirelessly transfer energy and encrypted data simultaneously

1. Power as a Resource.

Domestic and Global consumption of electrical power traces its origins back to two of the world’s

most brilliant minds of the late 1800s. Together, these two giants of electric current technologies,

Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison, can be credited with ushering in the advent of electrical energy

use in everyday life. While Edison focused on the importance of proximity, stability, and safety

of direct current (DC) applications, Tesla

focused on proving that alternating current

(AC) could not only be found in nature but

also held promise to serve a far broader

range of applications. (see figure 1). The

“War of the Currents2” as it was called,

resulting from these two divergent schools

of thought, created two distinctly different

disciplines for using electricity as a

commodity. Without regard for which was

the better inventor3, history suggests that

AC and/or DC power has most often been

seen simply as a way to power or recharge something – and that's it. Therefore, over the past

3 1 Wireless-electrical Grid LAN is a registered trademark; to include WiGL and Wi-GL in all its forms (Serial # 87742480). The utility of WiGL is protected by utility patent that expires in December 2037 unless renewed (Patent Application # 15/640,574).

2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_currents

3 https://energy.gov/edison-vs-tesla

Figure 1: AC versus DC paradigm.

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century or so, novel development on ways to utilize electricity for other than “power” has

stagnated. Conceptually, thinking has been restricted to either generating power to augment an

AC grid or storing DC power in the form of some type of battery or capacitor.

Apply this line of thought to the global telecommunications industry. Since Edison’s invention of

the (DC) telegraph to transmit and receive routed and coded communication signals over an

electrical wire, advances in telecommunications has impacted nearly every sector of the globe.

Over time, widespread use of manageable electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and/or radio frequency

(RF) energy has replaced the hard-wired telegraph, but the concept of routing and distributing

energy remains firmly locked in wires and other physical/direct connections. Globally, we use

continuously evolving and more “intelligent” wireless RF energy to communicate, control

communication devices, manage and operate complex systems. Smart communication has

perfected the art of routable positioning technology, and/or RF/EMR, to connect us to the world

wide web. These sorts of use cases in domestic and military applications has become

common…possibly even more common than potable drinkable water. However, during this same

span of time, technology that capitalizes upon the use of AC and DC as a wireless resource in

conjunction with the communications signals has been notably absent.

The time has come to reexamine the War of the Currents and consider contemporary utilization of

electrical energy. Nearly a century and a half after Edison and Tesla, the volume of devices

powered by electrical energy has grown unbounded. This data points directly to commensurate

growth of established and emerging markets, and suggests reevaluation of AC and DC use cases

and domains of efficacy. The future does not presuppose Edison (DC) over Tesla (AC), but instead

a merger of both to meet the needs of contemporary power and communications users. Our world

demands technology that supports high levels of mobility and adaptability that is sustainable,

position-based, encrypted, and ultra-efficient.

2. WiGLTM is a Communication Source and a Power Source

We can now use a millennium of technological advances in the telecommunication industry to

rethink AC and DC distribution. To begin, consider Edison and Tesla’s original hypotheses of

using electrical energy in three fields as applied with today’s technology:

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• Wired Field: AC generated and transferred via wired conduits. AC, solar or other electricity

generation sources used to generate electricity and then connected by wire to a DC device

for power harvesting, conversion and DC storage. This is the use case for the vast majority

of devices in the world today.

• Wireless Near-field: The wireless near field is a region of the electromagnetic field (EM)

around an object. Non-radiative 'near-field' behaviors of electromagnetic fields dominate

close to the antenna or scattering object. This use case is realized in the smart phone “pad”

recharging devices becoming popular now and frequently referred to as “inductive”

charging.

• Wireless Far-field E (electric) radiates RF energy or captures free-space RF energy and

converts it into AC or DC. Wireless Far-field B (magnetic) fields behave similarly, but in

either case strength decreases inversely with distance from the source, resulting in an

inverse-square law for the radiated power intensity of electromagnetic radiation.6 This use

case has been explored by numerous inventors including Tesla, who was convinced that

harvesting random RF energy from the air was a valuable resource.

Now consider that in all three cases, a central theme pervades: The paradigm relies on a stock of

energy generated or stored (i.e. a generator or battery respectively) for the intended outcome.

Devices must tap into that stock to find and use available energy regardless of communication type

or source. Near field AC and/or DC capability has spawned entirely new disciplines and field of

electrical engineering in the past decades. Likewise, wireless far-field advancements are being

presented in trade shows and papers on every major continent. But WiGL is novel in that it

combines power in a wireless signal (at any frequency) that is directed and received with a purpose.

To fully conceptualize WiGLTM, think of the third use case (wireless far field-E) but with a

dedicated transmission and reception of energy along with the communication property. Rather

than harvesting from a stock of power assets separate from data, we can smartly create, direct,

transmit and receive steerable AC or DC whenever and wherever the need for power exists. The

paradigm shift is to see wireless energy in the same way that we see EMR or RF communications,

and put the two together.

3. The Technical Paradigm Shift

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Today’s smarter telecommunication devices use one of the five fundamentals of communications

access technologies to multiplex smart energy:

• Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)

• Time division multiple access (TDMA)

• Code division multiple access (CDMA)

• Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)

• Spatial division multiple access (SDMA)

These telecommunication energy protocols have led to “smart” two-way wireless communications

such as wide area networks (W/WAN), local area networks (W/LAN), personal area networks

(W/PAN) and numerous other position-based or router-based smart networks. An important

distinction to note is that “routing” and “position-based” references the ability to smartly find,

route, and control two-way communications through routing tables and policies defining who,

what, when, where and how to send/receive data. But AC and DC power do not use next level

two-way routing communications or smart point-to-point or point-to-multi-point communication

methods today. The existing paradigm of AC and/or DC is that there is either available stock of

energy to power a device or not, thereby enabling or inhibiting device usage. Near or far field

wireless power concepts have largely fit into the current paradigm of having a signal available to

be harvested or not. This is mostly due to the presence of a physical cord connecting them. This

barrier has now been broken.

WiGL’s paradigm shift suggests that wireless electrical power can be based on smarter

“division multiple access” routing methods to manage “area networks”, just like

communications applications routinely do

The takeaway: wireless power transmission and receipt can be as least as smart as current Wi-Fi

routing and transmission capability. Rather than attempting to receive (Rx) random, far field free

space EMR or RF forms of energy, WiGLTM suggests routing and transmitting (Tx) smarter energy

through point-to-point or point-to-multi-point to known Rx points is the wave of the future. A great

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example in a home setting allows for managed, purposeful and intelligent wireless electrical area

networking of numerous personal devices (see figure 2 below).

Figure 2: Smarter “Indoor” Power for the 21st Century.

4. WiGL is like Wi-Fi for Power

National statistics show that the number of

smart device users in the United States

significantly grew and will continue to grow.

From 2017-19, the number of smartphone

users in the United States is estimated to reach

224.3 million, with the number of smartphone

users worldwide forecast to exceed 2 billion

users by 2022 (see Figure 3). Additionally,

there is similar growth in a number of other

types of smart devices to include laptops and

mobile office equipment, which have become

Figure 3:. Number of smartphone users in the United States from 2010 to 2022 (in millions) *

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critical enablers for today’s on-demand work environment. A significant capability of each of

these smart devices it that they all have the ability to quickly access non-co-located systems and

the internet via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular technologies. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are the top

technologies used for creating or accessing Wi-Fi wireless local area networks (WLAN) or

Bluetooth personal area networks (WPAN) based on IEEE 802.11 standards. Wi-Fi enabled smart

devices connect to the Internet via a Router, Modem, and an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The

typical Router-to-Modem-to-ISP relationship allows these devices to operate inside a smart

WLAN or WPAN that manages the Rx/Tx communication signal. WLANs are access points (or

hotspots) that typically have a range of ~20 meters (66ft) indoors and a greater range outdoors.

Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves, or as large

as many square kilometers achieved by using multiple overlapping access points. The key

takeaway here is to not simply value the Wi-Fi concept as an on-demand type resource for data.

Include the capability to harvest the electrical energy using WiGL in the same signal. Effectively,

cutting the cord, and controlling power like data – when and where it is needed. Wi-Fi

communication is managed, routed, directed, filtered, and boosted based on a host of two-way

communication controls and protocols to ensure efficient and effective data sharing; WiGL and

smart software enables that same capability with energy.

WiGL is not only a smarter, more efficient use of energy; it also identifies a viable path to meeting

the needs of today’s highly mobile, ever evolving, greener, power and data dependent users. The

ability to cleanly create, manage, and control smart power management WANs, WLANs, and

WPANs is a 21st century solution to a problem originally identified by two of the greatest “power”

thinkers of the 19th century.

5. WiGL use cases exist everywhere

Apply the principles described above outside the home, and an unbounded realm of use case

possibilities are apparent (see figure 4 below).

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Figure 4: Smarter “Outdoor” Power enabled by WiGL.

To understand the value of the WiGL paradigm we must consider the reality that every smart

device relies on available energy to access data. No power = no connection! Meaning, no

matter how smart the device, it must have access to energies that are limited by factors such as

battery availability or wired connection to energy. The battery availability or battery-life limit

demands periodic access to an electric grid to recharge and each device needs wires or cords

100% of the time to recharge if a near field system is not utilized. WiGL is unique in that WiGL

turns any AC or DC power source(s) into an electrical energy router. With WiGL, electricity is

smartly routed and managed to create smart power WANs, WLANs or WPANs (P/LAN). Every

device can have the data and be recharged / maintained as needed, making a separate power

connection redundant. This simple example increases the efficiency of a typical device by up to

50% instantly.

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6. Does it work?

WiGL converts AC or DC Smarter Power (P/LAN) into a two-way EMR or RF signal via a

WiGL transmitter (TX). The TX then routes a directed WiGL signal to a known EMR or RF

receiver8. The Rx then converts the EMR or RF signal into DC to harvest the power. The newly

harvested Rx power is then stored or used to power the device. During this process, the Tx/Rx

is also communicating smarter energy by using routing tables and/or policies to the Tx/Rx.

Power health, utilization rates, location, and other point-to-point or point-to-multi-point

routing control information is communicated over RF/EMR smart power communications. A

simple

demonstration was performed using commercial off the shelf components that takes a power

source on the right, transmits low voltage power across the room to an array of receivers, and

provides power to the meter on the receiving end (see figure 5 below). This concept can easily

be duplicated in a laboratory, and companies worldwide will be quick to scale the technology

and apply it to their own use cases. The race is on!

8 WiGL uses WiFi RF frequencies in this example. WiGL is spectrum agnostic.

Figure 3: WiGL wireless lab demo.

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7. WiGL Benefits

How important are Wi-Fi or Bluetooth to all aspects of our lives? To determine the benefits of

WiGL, answer four simple questions:

1. How important is Wi-Fi or Bluetooth to you? If the first answer is very important, answer

the next question.

2. How important is powering or recharging your existing devices (daily, weekly, etc.)? If

this answer is also very important, answer the next question.

3. Do you predict the growth of battery powered smart devices? Here again, if the answer yes,

answer the final question.

4. What are you doing to innovatively be more effective/efficient in your use of those

devices? Meaning, how are you managing power?

8. Global Power and Recharging Needs

There is no question that cost, schedule and quality/performance drive our daily desires and

requirements. Be it the private space, public space or business operations…managing and

balancing this triad is a major key to success.

Cost of failure: Appropriated or discretionary cost is not always as important as the

cost of failure. As suggested through this document, a major limiting factor in battery

powered smart devices is downtime.

Example:7 In 2016, the Federal Aviation Administration took the unprecedented action of banning

all Samsung Note 7 devices on airplanes. Why? The issue was the battery manufacturers’ attempts

to balance cost/performance requirements by storing more (perhaps too much) energy in its

7 https://www.wired.com/2017/01/why-the-samsung-galaxy-note-7-kept-exploding/

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batteries. The trait these manufacturers attempted to improve was battery uptime and longer

battery-life. Samsung (and others) are constantly seeking to increase the operational, non-charging

time on smart devices. Smart device manufacturers, as well as customers want to maximize up-

time and limit corded/wired/connected to a wall recharge time. This inevitably leads to bigger and

more powerful batteries. But at what cost? Especially to the environment that has to absorb more

and more caustic chemicals leaking from thrown away batteries.

Schedule needs: Imagine a police department that cannot respond to calls because its radios are

recharging. Imagine a military operation cancelled because the handheld GPS devices or mobile

laser missile guidance systems battery-life will not support the mission schedule. Sadly, these

scenarios happen more often than we care to believe. Battery-life has become the paradigm by

which schedules are built, managed and operationalized. A simple battery can control if, when,

and how long a mission can…or cannot happen. How many calls or emails have you missed due

to a dead laptop or dead cellphone battery?

Performance as a metric: In a global economy governed by results, the ability to measure and

track performance is vital. As a data-driven culture we track and improve every aspect of the

systems and people we manage and lead. We DO NOT track or manage power or recharging time.

¨ How much power do you need versus waste?

¨ How many of your systems use batteries?

¨ How often do your systems require recharging?

¨ How many battery rechargers do we own?

¨ How many people are on staff solely to recharge devices and manage up time?

¨ How many resources are spent on recharging systems, recharging devices, recharging

repairs, and replacement batteries and parts?

¨ How many requirements have not been met because battery-life is a limiting factor?

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8.1. Cost Savings

WiGL brings power needs and recharging cost, schedule and performance back into control. The

cost of wasted recharging devices goes away. Storage, repair, personnel cost, and other residual

cost are reduced to near zero.

8.2. Cost Avoidance

While cost savings from WiGL are

significant, cost avoidance savings

are equally impressive. Reducing

smart device downtime avoids

immeasurable costs. Billions and

possibly trillions of dollars in wait

time losses can be reduced to zero.

WiGL gives battery powered

devices the same up-time as

directly wired systems. Powered or recharging all the time, anywhere that WiGL is available.

9. Licensing Opportunities

Businesses worldwide have an opportunity to license

the WiGL Utility Patent method of combining power

and signal in a directed wireless signal. By building

on our Utility Patent, entities have the ability to create

and sell products and offerings that manage and

reduce costs associated with wirelessly powering

devices. While we have highlighted small mobile

devices as examples in this document, no known limit

exists for scaling up the number of connected devices,

the distance, or use of frequencies other than normal

WiFi frequencies. For any device that has the ability

to use electrical energy, WiGL is your 21st century

solution and entry into a trillion-dollar global market.

Figure 4: An average AC outlet, at an average pubic location (Cafe, Airport, School, etc...)

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A WiGL license gives businesses the power to innovatively grow the next generation of smart/

green power products. Business can individually or jointly exercise design patents leveraging the

wireless WiGL solution Utility patent. Different engagement options are available. Contact

RCG Holdings for further information.