whitefly management - the ir-4...
TRANSCRIPT
Part 2Cindy McKenzie & Cristi Palmer
Whitefly Management
Components of a Good Management Program
• Exclusion• Sanitation• Scouting• Beneficial Organisms• Products
– Chemical– Biological
Biological and Chemical Tools
Q was known to be tolerant to most chemical classes in 2004
*** Products from several key classes where tolerance has been observed. Listing of a product does not imply tolerance exists in all Q populations nor that Q has not developed tolerance to other products.
44 Products Tested from 2005 through 2009
• Acelepryn (DPX-E2Y45)
• Agri-50• Aria 50 SG• Avid 0.15EC• BotaniGard 22WP• BotaniGard ES• BugOil• Celero 16WSG• Discus• Distance 0.86EC• DPX-HGW85• Dursban• Eco E-rase• EcoTrol EC• Endeavor
• Enstar II• Flagship 25WG• Judo 4F• Kontos• Marathon II• Met 52• MilStop• M-Pede• Naturalis B• NoFly• Organocide• Ornazin 3%EC• Orthene TTO• Pedestal• QRD400• Revoke
• Safari 20SG• Safari 25WG• Sanmite• Scimitar• Sorbitol Octanoate• Sucrocide• Synergy (Suffoil X)• Talus• Tame• TickEx EC• TriCon (BW420)• TriStar 30SG• TriStar 70WSP
Contributing Researchers
Photo by Cristi Palmer, IR-4
Mr. Jim Bethke
Mr. Dan Gilrein
Dr. Scott Ludwig
Dr. Cindy McKenzie
* Dr. Ron Oetting
Dr. Michael Parrella
Q Biotype Whitefly on Poinsettia ‘Freedom Bright Red’, Bethke, 2005
Q Biotype Whitefly on Salvia, Open Greenhouse, Oetting, 2008
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0102030405060708090
100
PreCount 1 WAT 2 WAT 3 WAT 4 WAT 5 WAT
Imm
atur
e W
hite
fly P
opul
atio
n
Perc
ent C
ontr
ol (H
ende
rson
s)
Judo (4 oz) Judo (8 oz) Judo (12 oz)Kontos (1.7 oz) Marathon II (2 oz) Safari (6 oz)Safari (8 oz) Untreated
Average Percent Control for Q from 2005 to 2009
Product (active ingredient)
Average Percent Control Immatures during 3-5 WAITFoliar Drench
% Min-Max # % Min-Max #Acelepryn 51% 36-72 1 45% 0-76 3Avid 0.15EC (abamectin) 88% 69-99 4 -BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) 68% 0-100 7 -BugOil 76% 8-100 3 -Celero 16WG (clothianidin) 79% 60-95 2 80% 68-87 3Distance 0.86EC (pyriproxifen) 50% 25-77 3 -Flagship 25WG (thiamethoxam) 64% 0-95 7 15% 0-85 3Judo (spiromesifen) 84% 0-100 18 -Kontos (spirotetramat) 76% 0-100 11 82% 0-95 2Marathon II 2F (imidacloprid) 30% 0-85 9 62% 0-95 6M-Pede (K salts of fatty acids) 80% 64-97 2 -Naturalis(Beauveria bassiana) 83% 60-97 2 -NoFly (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus S97) 43% 0-84 3 -Safari 20SG (dinotefuran) 83% 0-100 17 89% 0-100 13Sanmite (pyridaben) 81% 38-98 5 -TriStar (acetamiprid) 86% 0-100 13 -
Beneficial Organisms
Beneficial Organisms for QPredators
Amblyseius swirskii *Delphastus sp. *
Neoseiulus californicusOrius insidiosus Parasites
Eretmocerus californicusEretmocerus eremicus *
Eretmocerus mundus
* Commercially available
Impact on Adult (Immature)
Am
blys
eius
swirs
kii
Neo
seiu
lus
calif
orni
cus
Del
phas
tus
sp.
Enc
arsi
afo
rmos
a
Ere
tmoc
erus
sp.
Oriu
sin
sidi
osus
/sp.
Product (active ingredient)Acelepryn (chlorantraniliprole) 1Avid 0.15EC (abamectin) 4 4 3 (1) 4 (1) 3 (3)Azatin (azadirachtin) 2 1 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (2)BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) 2 1 2(2) 1(1) 2(--)Celero 16WG (clothianidin)Distance 0.86EC (pyriproxifen) 2 1 1 (3) -- (3) 1Flagship 25WG (thiamethoxam) 1 2 4Judo 4F (spiromesifen) 3 3 -- (3) 1Kontos (spirotetramat)Marathon II 2F (imidacloprid) 3 4 4 (3) 4(4) 4 (4)M-Pede (K salts of fatty acids) 3 4 4 4NoFly (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus S97) 1 1 1 (1) 1(--) 1 (--)Safari 20SG (dinotefuran)Sanmite (pyridaben) 4 4 4 (3) 4 (4) 3 (4)TriStar (acetamiprid) 3 4 (3) 3 (3) -- (4)
1 = Harmless2 = 25 – 50% reduction
3 = 50 – 75% reduction4 = Harmful
Beneficial Organisms & Chemical Tools
Table compiled from information posted on Biobest & Koppert websites and studies sent by manufacturers
Whitefly Management
Program
Step 1: Scouting
• Scout• Scout• Scout
• Okay I found a whitefly, now what?
Step 2: Identify the Whitefly
• Is it Bemisa tabaci?• If yes, is it B or Q?
– Is this an infestation you normally have at this time of year?
– Have you received shipments from propagators with Q previously?
– Send it to be identified!!!
Step 3: Management
• What stage is your crop?• When will you be harvesting / selling it?• Use the Whitefly Management Program
to determine potential treatments – weigh time to harvest and infestation level
with the potential to use beneficial organisms
Research on Rotational Programs (Dr. Ron Oetting, 2009)
• Q and B biotype Bemisia tabaci• Poinsettia ‘Classical Red’• Seven different rotations• Counted adults and immatures on 2 full
leaves• Sent adults to Dr. Cindy McKenzie for
typing (B and Q)• Q samples were haplotype characterized
as Q1
Results & Summary• All tested rotational programs managed
total populations, but none dropped the population completely to zero
• Using less active materials for resistance management can still result in an effective overall program
• Q is less sensitive to certain products than B
Whitefly Management Plan
Whitefly Recommendations• Inspect plants frequently
– When arrive in your facility– During routine scouting
• Manage populations early rather than waiting until they explode
• If current program provides little control:
-- Send your whiteflies to be typed-- Rotate to different modes of action-- Get specific recommendations from your
favorite extension entomologisthttp://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/bemisia/bemisia.htm
Acknowledgements
• Cindy McKenzie
• Jim Bethke
• Scott Ludwig
• Ron Oetting
• Lance Osborne
Thank you!
Photo by Margery Daughtrey, LIHRC