whitepaper self consumption and grid independence with the victron energy storage hub en

8/20/2019 Whitepaper Self Consumption and Grid Independence With the Victron Energy Storage Hub En

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1. I

2. 2.1. E H 12.2. E H 22.3. E H 3

3. E : G A

4. E H4.1. B : L , 1. 4.2. M P Q /4.3. B MPP

4.4. P

5. E B ( 1 )O ( 2 )N ( 3 )

6. E H

7. H 7.1. P H 1 L

7.2. B ( 2 3 ) H 17.3. P H 2 3 7.4. B H 2 37.5. ?

8. H8.1. M CHP 8.2. D

9. D : 100% P 100%

10. C10.1. : 10.2. O : 10.3. B : L , 210.4. P 10.5. E :


3/41

3

1. IE c ca a d b a d/ d, a d ac a c a c .T dbac d c a d, a d d d

d a c .

A a a d d c , b c c a d c a d

ab d.I d a a a d b c a a

c a d a a ab .M , a d a a d c a , b ca a a a

c a c b c d da .

I d a a c a c a d a a d/ d .T a a 100% c a d d d c d.

E H ,

W a d d d d a d d ac a d d d , a c a d d c d a .

• B T c H b c ba , c c a d ca c a / d

a d d c a d c c d d c .T b a a OP S a d OP V ad ac d ba a d

ac a a d .A a , a L ba b d c a /d c a

c c , a a d a a .F a c 4.1 a d 9.3.

• G T H b ca b d d c a d a d d (b d c a ba ) a

a a bac d (b c a ba ).F a c 9.1.

• R E d ba ca b d d a d a

a .

• G

W c ba ca ac a d d d a c CHP bac , cd d c d ca b ac d.

• F W d H b, b a a c a , ac c ca b a d

c c .

• F Add a a / d a d ba a ca b c c d a a a a .


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2.

2.1. E H 1H b 1 c c d c d a b d ba .I a , b a d c .

T B S a MPPT c a c a c a ba .T d d b a M P Q a /c a AC aa d d c bac d.I ca a a , H b d c c d a d c a a a

a da .I b d bac d a a a d d c a c ca a

b add d .


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5

2.2. E H 2T ac ca add ba a a d c c d PV .

DC c ca a d b a a c d AC b a PV c c d AC a /c a .

T AC /c a c c d d.I b d bac d a a a d d c a a b add d ,d d ca a .

P PV d d c ad.

I ca c PV , /c a add a ba d.

I ca c PV /c a c c a ba ,a d/ d bac d.

I ca a a , H b d c c d a d c a a aa da .

P a a d c c ca d a H b 1 d acb /c a a d d .


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2.3. E H 3DC c ca a d b a a c d AC b a PV c c d

AC a /c a .

T PV d ad /c a .I ca c PV /c a add a ba

d.I ca c PV /c a c c a ba .O c ba c a d PV c d.

I PV d a a a d d c acc d ca a , a aa d d c d d.

I c a H b 1 a d H b 2 PV d ca a a . T H b c ad ba d c a d.

3. E : G A

T a G dA /c a ca b d a d c a d c d a d b ad. W G dA , /c a c d d

a d AC d c d ca ab /c a , add a b a d, d d ad.

G dA 1O /c a c d, b c c d, d. Tc c d (b c bac d c a /c a ) ad ca :

S ad. Add a d d ad a b d c d a a ca b a a d b /c a .

E c PV d a a ab b d bac d ( a d b caa ).

G dA 2T a a c c H b a d. T /c a a a

a c ad a a a a d , c c ca ad c b d bac d. Wa : ab d a d d!


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4. E H

4.1. B : L , 1. N a a d L(L a : L F PO₄ LFP) a a aca a ad ac d d c c d d b ca c c a d c

E c cT d c c (d c a 100% 0% a d bac 100% c a d) a a ad ac d ba 70 80%.T c a c ad ac d ba b c a c a c 80% a c a

a b ac d. B 80% a d 100% c a c c a 50%. A d b c ca c c a d c a .T c c a ad ac d ba c a L . T c c a LFP ba a d 92%, d a a c d .

:// .a ad . b .c / /2009/ c /2009/ a /C Sa dbA ad I 2009 a . d

:// .d . d / b17/ a /E _S a _T c . d

E c c a , ://ca d a a. . . / d a d/d c / ada_a ac a /P _Ha . d

S c T ba a PV a d/ d d a a a d

( ). T a a ad ac d ba . T ba a a d

.I ca a d ad ac d ba c a d b baa c a : a a , ba b c a d a , a d b

d c a d a d da .I a d c c d ba ca a b c a d 100% a .

N :F a d c a b a a ca , a

:// . . / a a /U F / _ba _ a _ a c_a ca . d ( c a a a 18)


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T a a LFP ba d d d a c a , a a a ba c (b ad) . A L BMS (Ba Ma a S ) d a d ba ca a b d d.

F ab ba c 9.

4.2. M P Q /VE /c a a 800VA 10 VA a , a d 10 VA d ca bc c d a a . A d ca b c d a a .A M P a d Q a /c a ca b a d a a H b 1, 2 3.

4.3. B MPP T c a c c DC a a a a a a ab c a ba . A b B S a c ca b c c d a a , a b

a c a c ba ( c ca L ).

T c c a B S a MPPT c a c c d 98%.

4.4. P T PV c DC a a a a AC a ab AC

ad . I a ba , a d bac d, a d a b d b d.

A PV ca c a a AC c / (AC ). T PV d AC a a ab ( c a a ab d, ab

/c a ).


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5. E A c a a c a d a c c

H b.M

A P O E /

B ( 1) T ca a a a a 100 W 24 2400 W

H c c a 20 W 24 480 W 480 WH c c 20 W 24 480 W 480 W( DC a a c )A a a 50 W 24 1200 WA a 60 W 24 1440 W

P c a a d a db ad 30 W 24 720 W 720 WM d 10 W 24 240 W 240 WV a 30 W 24 720 W 720 W

E c c ac a 2000 W 12 24.000 WH a a (b ) 3000 W 2 6000 W

C a a ( ) a d a a ( ) 130 W 8 1040 W ( , a d)C a a ( ) a d a a ( ) 130 W 2 260 W 260 WC a a a db 10 W 24 240 W 240 W

H c c 200 W a 6 ( ) 1200 W3 ( ) 600 W 600 W

O 100W ad a ca d c a 100 W 6 ( ) 600 W3 ( ) 300 W

E c c a ba 1000 W 3 3000 W

Rad 30 W 3 90 W 90 WLCD TV 50 W 3 150 W 150 WLa a a c TV 300 W 6 1800 W

P a C 100 W 3 300 W 300 WLa 30 W 3 90 W 90 W

Ra d 150 W 300 W 1 150 W 150 W ________

, 4370


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O ( 2) Vac c a 1000 W 30 500 W 500 W( a 2000 W )

Ha d 800 W 6 80 W 80 W

E c c 1000 W 3000 W B 3 a b 360 W( d d b 1 a b : 120 W )

C a 800 W 10 120 W 120 WO c a a c ( , b d , c) 100 W 300 W

________ , 1360

A ( 3) Wa ac , c d 2000 W a 600 W 1000 W adWa ac , , a a 600 W ( a ) 400 W adWa ac , , b c a 165 W 100 W ad

:// . a .c /ad / d / d _ ca /4912_NZ_Q c S a _Wa S a _UG_ . d

C d c c a 3000 W 3000 W adC d a a 300 W 300 W adC d a 1350 W 1350 W ad

:// .a c .c /NR/ d /635CE05C 6BD3 4421 A1D0C54CE4DDF20A/0/Ma a E c c a H W bV . d

D a , a a 2000 W 1100 W c cD a 1200 W 400 W c c

:// . a . .a /c a a / d c _ /

M c a 2000 W 200 W

E c c , a 8000 WA a d c 2000 W 30 1 1000 W 2000 W

E c c 2000 W 4000 W a 30 2000 W

S 700 W 8 5600 W

Wa 700 W 3 2100 W

H a a c (a c d ) ca b 10 W da

Tab 1: E c c c a a c

B ( 1) S ad a a a b : a ba ad .A ba ad a b a .I a d c ba ad. O c d c d a b

ad d a d a a 1 W (1 W = 1000 W ).B ca c a d a d a ba ad b a a a

ba ad.


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F ab 1:T a ab da ba ad 4370 P a b c d 660 A d a a 182

D ( a a c a ) a d c a a c a ba ad 5750 P a d c a 660 B a a d c a 240

A a a d/ ca a c a ba ad 8000 A d 11.000

N :I a a c ba ad a b a c (d ) c a ad .

O ( 2) P a a c ca b d a c a . T c a

ac c a . I a b a a ba ad , c a , ac c a 1000 W a d c a .

B bab a a a a c b d a .

A ( 3) I E a a ac a d d a a c d , a d c d

c c a . I d c d da , a d a , a 3 W aad, a d c a 3 W d da , a a .

I b a a a ad ca b c a a d ba ad a d a a c .A d ca a b a .

N :Tab 1 a a ca b d d c c c a d ( a ) d d a a c .

T c a ca ad ca d ad a d d c b a d a c d a .


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T c c ad ca a d ab 2 b .

Tab 2: E a d ad ca

N :1. I ca c c d c a a c a a a

b c .2. T a a ab d b a a c d , a d d c c a

d a a E a da .3. T ab a a ab a c a d , c d a c c d c

c . H a a a d/ c (a c d ) a b : a ca b caa ac d d b ca c .

4. I a a a b a d a a .

A c a b c a d d ab 2, a d a a a d d ba ad (b ) a d a .

L A

E P A E P A E P A

B ( ) 4.370 660 182 8.380 1.305 349 18.960 2.560 790

O 1.360 2.000 57 1.640 2.000 68 1.920 2.000 80

A 350 1.200 15 2.050 3.000 85 7.100 13.100 296

( ) 6.080 3.860 253 12.070 6.305 503 27.980 17.660 1.166

A 1380 0 58 2760 0 115 4140 0 173

( ) 7.460 3.860 311 14.830 6.305 618 32.120 17.660 1.338

E /

B

O

A

E /

A E /


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B a a d, ba ad (b ) a a a 30% a !

I d : a a a ad a ba ad c a ca , ab 3.

Tab 3: T a a a ad a ad ca

CT c d b d ba a 1200 VA 3 VA .

C 2 3 d c ( a ) , a d a . B a d d d a d /da

. A c ( . . a ad ca ) a a a % a d .

I ca d b a d baad a , a d c c ad d.

I ca d a a ab a a a c ac d . M b d d.

U c c a a ( a , d , c ) . Ga a d/ a aa a c a a .

L A

P / P / P /

B ( ) 3,6 3,7 3,2

O 35,3 29,3 25,0

A 82,3 29,3 42,6

( ) 15,2 11,5 14,7

P

B

O

A

P

A P


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A a d c ad ca c . T ad a a c d ( ab 1) a :H a a (b ) S Wa Wa acC dD a

B c , b d c c c d b b ( a a a d/ a a ).

6. E H

T H b b a / d a d ad. U a b H b. T a b . T ca c a b

c (a : ba !).T a ad ca ca c a a d d c c c .

T a dE d c E c d b ad, ba c a /d c a, c a d cab a d .

6.1. I I ca H b 1, 0% a d c d d c b ad (100% a d

d ba ), a a c cȠ₀ = E / E :Ƞ₀ ≈ Ƞ Ƞ Ƞ ȠW a :94 % AC DC c c c /c a Ƞ ≈ 0,94 92% L ba c cȠ ≈ 0,92 98% MPPT c a c c cȠ ≈ 0,98 2% cab a d Ƞ ≈ 0,98T :Ƞ₀ ≈ 0,83

W a ad ac d ba (Ƞ ≈ 0,8 , c 4.1)T :Ƞ₀ ≈ 0,72 .

A d ca H b 2 3:Ƞ₀ ≈ Ƞ ·Ƞ ·Ƞ ·Ƞ ·Ƞ W :94 % AC DC c c c /c a : Ƞ ≈ 0,94 94% DC AC c c c /c a : Ƞ ≈ 0,94 92% L ba c c :Ƞ ≈ 0,92 97% PV c c :Ƞ ≈ 0,97 1% cab a d :Ƞ ≈ 0,99 T :Ƞ₀ ≈ 0,78

W a ad ac d ba (Ƞ ≈ 0,8 , c 4.1)T :Ƞ₀ ≈ 0,68 .

6.2. I 40% T c c Ƞ x b a d c d d c b ad.I ca H b 1:Ƞₓ ≈ Ƞ ·( +Ƞ ·(1 ))·Ƞ ·Ƞ W Χ d c c ac .Χ = 1 a c d d c , d a a , a d

= 0 a d .


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I 40% a d c d d c b ad:Χ = 0,4 Ƞ₄₀ ≈ 0.86 ( a L ba )

A d ca H b 2 3:Ƞₓ ≈ (Χ +Ƞ ·Ƞ ·Ƞ ·Ƞ ·(1 ))·ȠW 40% c d d c b ad:Χ = 0,4 a d Ƞ₄₀ ≈ 0.86 ( a L ba )

N :1. C a , a b a a c a a d c d d c b ad,

d a a c c c ac d ca H b 2 a d 3 b ca d c c b a ba , b a /c a . I ac c b

c d b ca Ƞ a d Ƞ a ad d d a d d c a a a ad /c a b c .

2. A d ca d 1, c c d c c H b a c a .T /c a a a c c a ad , a d a c c a ab 75%

a . N ad ab 1% a .T PV a d a c a c b a ad , ad a a 0,2% a d 0,05%.L cab a d a a a c ,

a d c a (= d c a c c ) a ad .I ac c c L ba c a a , b a d d c a /d c a c a d a c a .

3. I ca , d c c b ad b c a40%. E c a a a c a d c bac a a , a a c ( c a a d ) a ac PV

.O a a , ca a a c , b , 40% d cc b ca b ac d.H b 1 a a a b c PV d .

6.3. CD c a a ad d da a d da , b

acc a ca c a c c H b. M , a PV d a a ab c d a a , acc a c c ca c a a a c .

I a , 85% c c a d a L ba , a d 75% a ad ac d ba .

7. H

7.1. P H 1 L I ca a da cab , a c a ca 2 a d 3 ad , ba adca b a a d a a a c (a b , b ca a a b

d, a d ca a a b d d) a 800 VA 3000 VA

/c a b c c .

7.1.1. L baI ba ad d da ,4,4 W 19 W d b d d ( ab 2 ab 6 8 c 9), 6%c ( /c a ) a d 20% d L ba d c a 80% ( c 9.3 a d c a ba ).T a a ca ac d d a 5,8 W ( c c d) 25 W ( ab a a ).T ca ac a 24 V L ba d a 240 A a 1000 A .B 500 A a 48 V a ca ( ab 8). T ba b

, b DC cab b c a a d c b , a d c a c d c a a c .


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N : E d ba : E ( W ) = A V 1000. I ac c a d c d d da b d. A c a a b c d

d c b ad, a 80% ba d c a . Ab cab c c : cab a a R·I . T c I b c

24 V 48 V a cab c c ca b d c d b a ac .

7.1.2. S a a aH a a a c a : ab ac a a ab , ca c a , ca c b d bac d, c.

N :T a ad a da ac a a ≈ a d 8 W / /da , a d a d d a d .T a a ad a d a 6 8 W / /da .

:// dc. . / a / b / db /

A a a d a (W ) a 25℃ a d 1000 W/ ad a .

I a ab a da a 1 W PV a a ad a d a 8 W / /da b 8 W .I ac c , d a c a , a a , a d a c a b d a , a 1 W PV a a ad a d a 8 W / /da b 25% : 6 W ad

8 W .

1 8 / / 6 / , .:// . .c / ab / ab a /d c /PVP a c S

a . d :// . c. c. a. / /a 4/ .

T a a da a a a a c d d ca a a d b a d c a da : ab 4.

*T PV N H

Tab 4: S d a a c d c PV a a c a d

I , a , a c ba ad d a da , a 850 W a a b d d c c d a d

a d 3700 W ab a a ( ab 6 8).

A A / A D * /L C

W / W60 H , F a d 800 39% 4%61 A c a , AK 800 38% 6%52 A da , N a d 900 43% 14%48 M c , G a 1000 46% 18%47 S a ,WA 1000 46% 18%43 Ma , F a c 1500 68% 41%41 N Y , NY 1250 58% 35%37 S a, S a 1600 74% 50%34 L A , CA 1500 70% 63%

33 P , AZ 1750 81% 61%26 M a ,FL 1400 65% 56%


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7.1.3. Ba c aA B S a MPPT 150/70 a ca a 850 W a a , a 24 V ba(850 W *Ƞ *Ƞ / 24 V = 34 A c a c d d).W a 3700 W a a a 48 V ba b c c , a d MPPT 150/70c b d d (3700 W *Ƞ *Ƞ / 48 V = 74 A c a c d d).

7.1.4. P c a c c c c d b PV ba ad H b 1 a d a L baA ca b c c d d ab 2 a d a c a70% c c d d da , a a d da .A d b ca PV c d c , dbac d d d.

N :D d a d a d ca c a a a a a a c a c c c c d b PV a ca b ca c a d a :

T a a a c c c ( ab 6 8):

E = 365*( c + c )/2A a a a ab PV ( ab 4): E = W *(a a a a )*( c c b)P c a c d b PV: α (%) = 100*E /E

Ta a a a , S a (S a ) A da (T N a d ):F ab 7: E = 4788 WF ab 4: E = 1,643*1600*0,85 = 2234 W (S a) a d 1,643*900*0,85 = 1257 W (A da )P c a c d b PV: α = 100*2234/4788 = 47% (S a) a d 26% (A da )

7.1.5. H c c ?I a a a d d a a d b ba ad (

), 100% c b ac d.

A ca ac ba a c a ( c ba c a d).T c c d b d bac d.A a a a a c d b d d d a c ba ca ac .

7.1.6. W a a ca a d c a d ba ( , bad a )?T /c a a ad d ( ) a d d . T

/c a ca b c d a a ba a b a c a d b a d/ d.

A ad ac d ba d b d a a d c a d a d .A a c a , d a a a c .

7.1.7. W a a ca c d c ?T c d a aca d da d a .E c ca b d bac d.I dbac d b , c a c a a a , a ba a b c a d.


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7.2. B ( 2 3 ) H 1T d c b d c ca a b ad d a

b G dA c .T a AC a ca ac M P d 800, 1200 a d 1600 3,6 W(16 A a 230 V). A 2 VA a d ab d 6,9 W a ca ac a a a ab .

Ca 2 ad ca b d, d. I ca c a ca ac ca 3 ad c d a b d b M P Q a d.

A a , ca 3 ad c d b d d c d, b a M P Q a(a a a d c c ), c d b c c d a a ( ca a

a d c c ).D 3 , H .

U a b a H b a a b ca 2 ad a a d AC c ( c a ac c a ).

N :M Q aT M a AC a Q a a AC a d a c .T Q a ca b c c d d d AC c , a d a d a a ,

a . T Q a a a ca c c ac c .

7.2.1. Ba cT da d b ca 2 a d 3 ad c a d ba ad ( ab 2).Ba ca ac a d PV b c a d b 25% a ad

a da .


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7.2.2. P c a c c c c d b PVO a da a a 100% c c d d da c d.A d a a a a a c a c c c c d b PV

a ca b ad ab 4 a d c c d :L ba : 0,85*74% = 63% S a a d 0,85*43% = 37% A da .

OP S ba : 0,75*74% = 56% S a a d 0,75*43% = 32% A da .

7.2.3. H c c ?O ca a d c ca 2+3 ad b a c a

da da . S c a b a a ab c a da , a da a .

7.3. P H 2 3 I ad a c a c , /c a c a ba .T c c a d c a c a b d ac

/c a .

A 850 W a a a d d ba ad c c a da ( c 7.1). T a c a c ( a a d d c a ba ) a 24 V 850 W *Ƞc*Ƞ *Ƞ / 24 V =32 A.

T a a a 1600 VA M P b d d ( ab 6).A d 3700 W a a ab a a d a 8 VA Q a ( 5 VAM a a , 3 VA M a c a ).

W a c a c ac d b a PV a d d a c b/c a , H b 2 3 a a c a (a d a

c : c 6).

H b 2 3 a b d : I d a a add d a PV a a PV a ad a d. T a PV a d d c a c ( a 150 V) a d

c a d cab c c c d cab .

N : E a cab PV a a a c a c , H b 1 a

b c . S MPPT 150/70 a a ca c a DC cab . A H b 1 H b 2 3 a b . S PV AC a a a ( ad a c d) a

d c PV (d a c ca a d PV ).

7.4. B ( 2 3 ) H 2 3

T /c a ( d d ba c a , c 7.3), c d ca 2 a d 3 ad a d.Ba ca ac a d PV a a d a b c a d b 25% b c

d d d a a da .S c d b c 100%.

T ac a c : PV, ba ca ac a d a c /c a d d.


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7.5. ?D d bad a ( c c d a da ), PV ca b d a a ca

d c d a a % a , ab 4.T PV a a ca b c a d d c d da ,

b d bac d da , b b a ac

a d a a a a PV a a , a d a a .A d c a ba ca ac d a d .

T c c a c PV a : U d. I a a a d c CHP ( c c b d a a d ) . T c CHP

d a a d c c d d (a d/ d) a d .

I a a d d a .


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8. H

8.1. M CHP I d a d a a , d ca b d b add a a d c CHP

.

G a a c c a a d , a c c a , . c CHP a c c c c ab .

T c c c CHP (25% c c , 75% a ) a a ba d aa d b a a a a a a

a . E c c d c d a c d d c d ba .S a , a ca d c a a . T a d

c a a a d/ c a a .F a a :// .b .d /

ba d a a c c c c (10 15% c c , 90 85% a ) c

a c a d c a d .

T c CHP a .

T c c c CHP d a b a a a d. T d c ac : a a ab a a

32,12 W da ( ab 8), c a 1,4 W a a d 24 .

I a d c b a a a d a c a , c CHP b d . T c a b d c . A ca b

ab 2, VA b d d.

T a c a d c d , a d a ac a d d a c d d d c a d.

Ba ca ac c da c c c b c a d c CHP ca b c d d a c c c

T c CHP a a c a , a PV H b 2 E c b d c a ba , a d c b d

ba (P A a M P a d Q a /c a ).T a ( a a a ) ca b d a a d a b .W b c c a d a a d, c c a c CHP a d 98%.

( . . 98% ca c c a b d a d a a d c c ).A d 40% c c d c c d b ad, c c H b,

c d c CHP, b a d 86% ca a L ba ( c 6.2).

N :I ca da a a c b 100 150 ( c d d a a d a ac ), c , a d c a a b 40 C,

5 7 W a .( c c a ca ac a : 4,2 J/( · K) ≈ 1,2 /( · C),

:// . d a. / /H a _ca ac )

A 25% c c c c , c CHP d c 25 / 75 = 0,33 W c c W a .W 6 W a d d, c c c CHP b 2 W .C 15% (85% c c ) b, a a ab c c 1,7 W .


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22

T a da c c c d 7,5 W /da ( ab 6).T a a c CHP c 23% c c c c c d d c d a .

I a d d d , c c c b d c d:I T N a d a a c a a a a a a a d 2000 .

T ca c c a a a 32 MJ/ a d 1 W = 3,6 MJ.T a a da d d 6 a ac a d :32 MJ/ 2000 / 182 da = 352 MJ/da , 97 W da .W 97 W ac a d d da , da c c c CHP d b97 0,33 = 32 W .T a b da a a da c c c aba a ( ab 8).

C a , c CHP c c c d a a a d d.

8.2. D

I a a d a a ab ab , ad a a a d d a ( a ). T a b a d c c d.

T a c c a ( a d VA) a d a a a d c a a c CHP, b , , c (a a a d!), a d d a a c .

I a a a c a .

N :T ad a d d a ca b d d c b a a d c CHP,

a b d ca d c , d c a a a c a d b add a a c a.

F a :// .b .d /

W 24/7 d da , ad a d d a a a d a bac :

Ma a c a d c G a d a a c : c a 500 , b ac 1000

, c.S c a d 1500 a ab 10.000 (= 3 a 24/7).

F c a adA 10 W a c b 3 a d 3,5 (= 3,7 4,4 )

a 10 W ad.A d a ad c 1 / ! ( a 1).

R a a 24/7 a , a a a a ad a 10% (ab 3), a c a d , b ca a a c a d

c W d c d, a d c a b ca c c c(= c W d c d).


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23

G a 1: F c 1500 d d a , a 9 11 W

A b a 1, W a a a ad (10 W), c c c a d 0,3 W .W a 500 W ad, c c c a d 2 W .

A 10 W a 24 /

7 a d b a a 1 / a a c 9.000 (!) a d c d 4.788 W ( ab 70.

W b a a a c a d a a , a c c c ada c c d d 8 W 21 W , a d a a a ad d b c

1 W. A ca b a 1, d a a c a c , 10 / a .A d a b a a d c a a ad , cb .

G a 2 ab c c a , a d a c 3,5 W, 7 W a d

11 W. C a ab c c a d 25% a c ad . T a a d a c ad , 25% ca c c d ( ca c c a d ab 45,6 MJ/ , 12,7 W / ) c d

c c . T a 75% a d a a d ac a d aa d c .

N :F a ab a VE Ma G a T , d adab

. c .c


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24

G a 2: Ab c c a a

A ca b a 2, a c c d c 5 10% a 500 W ad.

C a , !

O 1: add a /c a ad d A M P C 24/1600/40 a .T 1600VA ba ad. A dd add a ad c a a a ac

ca M P ad c d , a d AC d .

T , a b b a a ad c d .

I ac c , /c a ba ad d , a d da .

W a d d 8 da , a c b a ad d d c 10.000·(24 8)/24 = 6.700

O 2: /c a b a a d c a a d I d b c a ad a .A ad d d a a c a a a ca b a d b /c a . Iadd a ba d c a d a a a ca b d d b /c aa ba BMS L ba . C a a c a

b .W c ab 2 c b d M /Q a + a a d b 10 W 20 W.

N a d d a d a d a d P A /c a ca b a a a c :

a a 80% W a a a . A c a a ab b d c a ba , a d c d ba .

T a c c a a ( b a a a c a d a a ) d a a 21 W da , a d a 85% c c H b L ba , a

d d d b 21/0,85 = 25 WW a 10 VA /c a , a c d a b d c d 7 VA.A 7 VA a 4 5 W ad ab 6 da ( a / d ).E c c b 25%, (0,3 W ) a d a c b0,3 / W 25 W 365 da = 2.700 .L a d 24/7 .W a OP S ba , c b 0,3 / W (21/0,75) W 365 da = 3100 .

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Load (kW)

A b s o l u

t e e

f f i c i e n c y

( % )

Onan e-QD MDKBL 7kWOnan e-QD MDKBN 11kWPaguro 4000 3,5kW


25/41

25

O , add c c a ba (3 W /da ) a d a ( a , : 5,6 W /da ). T d c a a c 3.800 (L )

4.300 (OP S)

S a a d/ d d c T c d c a d c . H b 1 a d H b2 ca b b d, b H b 3 a b ca PV d

a .

T a a a ?T b a ( a ) a ba a c ad a .A 10 VA a a ca 3,3 VA a .H c c ad a a ?C c a ac , c d a d d a ac a a a a d

a d ad a c d b a .C c a ac , c d a d d a a d b a a

a d a . A a a c c d b d b d a a .

I ac c a a ad d ad d a d aa a a a ad c d cc .

W a ad a a a a ad ba a c b .


26/41

26

T a S a d a a a , b a d a a 3 VA.T add a . T c d c c a a a d a a a c a .

S a ad a D ca da , a a b d a , a d b d d d a d , a a ,

ad ( a , a a ) c d b c d a .

T M a d Q a /c a a a a ab c d AC .T c c add a ad a 1 d a a a abP A a add a ad acc ( c d b ca c c dd c a ).

9. D : 100% P 100%

F c 7.1.2:T a ad a da ac a a ≈ a d 8 W / /da , a d a d d a d .

W ( ) a a b c b d c PV d d a d a d ca c a , a d ad ca c d ab 4.

W a a d ca b c a d c PV da (≈ 6 W W a d c d c 7.1.2) a d, a

c , d c PV a c a , a c , a a da c c d a a W 100 W .

W d c da PV a a , a d, a , aba ca ac ba , da c .

A 100% PV a a d d a a a d d c 100% c c c a a c a a , a da .A 50% PV a a d c 50% c , a da .

S a , a 100% ba a ba c ab a ca ac d d da .

10. C

10.1. : S c a a . I c a a d b c a

a c c c a d a d c a d a . S c PV a 15 E c W a a d b bac 25 E c a

bad d a . B c a .

F a a c a , d a a d b a add a c d a c c d b c c a c a d bbac a a a c .


27/41

27

A a ab acc a a c a ca d a a a ad . E c d a d da , PV b b c d

a a da da a d a a . I a a PV a a ac 100% d a da ( 100% c ) c a a a d : ba b d ca da a d

b d da da da PV c .

W a ca a b a d : T ( a c a ) a a ca ac c a c a d c b a c c c a d d a .

T a a ca ac d c a a d (a d a d d ca c a ). T a a ca ac c a c d c a .

A a ( ) d d a d a a c a a a ad a a ca ac , a b a d 30% da

PV a a .

A a c d ab d. A

d a ca ac b a a d a a c ba a b c a d. O a da , ba a a b c a d b a d b a a c a a d d bac d d

.

O a c a a a a b a a a b d bac d.T a a b a dbac d c d a c a P a a a . W a 60%, a , dbac d c d 60% a d PV

.A a a a d b a d c d b b d a ba a a

c a a ca c a d b :

A a a a ca b a a d b a a c c ( a a ,c a a a a d bac a a ), a b d

bac d ( c d b d bac a da ) d b c c a 5.

F 5: L a d bac d


28/41


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29

A c d a a c a OP S ba ac d a ca .( ://ba .c / a /a c / a _ _ac d_ a ca _a d_ ac _c a / )OP S a d OP V ba a a a a c a d c c a d a a abca ac b d c d b a a a c a a d d c a c .( c ca :// . c .c / ad/d c /Da a %20%20OP S%20ba %20 %20 %2004%20 %20EN. d )

10.3.3. F a a d d a d a a VRLA ad ac dMa d a a d d a d VRLA ( a a d ad ac d: a d AGM)ba a a a ab , a d, a a , b a a . Acc d

c a a b a b a a OP V a d c a OP Sba c c ca ab a a a .

V c E a a d d c a a a VRLA (G a d AGM) ba c ac a a ca ba a d a c VRLA ba . T a ab

c c a c , b d a a .( c ca :// . c .c / ad/d c /Da a %20

%20GEL%20a d%20AGM%20Ba %20 %20 %2007%20 %20EN. d )I ad ab d c a ba 50% C₂₀ ca ac a .S a b a a ba , c a c c b c a d c a cacc a c d c a c ab c ba a b c a d 80%.T ba d b c c d b 80% a d 50%, a d a b c a d

100% a .A c a b d ba ab b .

N :1) A a a a , c a a AGM a d ba (a d a

OP V) ac c a ac b c c (1500) a ca b ac d ab ac d .

2) 0,1C a a c a a d d c a c 0,1 a d ca ac A . F a 100 A ba c d b 10 A

Tab 5: Ba c a

F a a T b a a T b a a LAGM d d (OP S) (OP V) L F PO₄

C a d W 188 312 432 1.233U ab ca ac 30% 50% 50% 80%

C ab W 627 624 864 1.541

E c c @ I = 0,1C 80% 80% 80% 92%E c c @ I = 0,5C 70% 60% 60% 92%

C c @ 25 C 750 1500 2500 2000 2500 2000V ab W 11,3 c 15,4 c 15,4 c 8,7 cW ab W 82 82 82 17

A ca a a a d c c a d c c a d c c d

da , a c ,

, c , a c ,

, c , a c ,

, c

Ca b a d a a

R a c a d d

d d


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30

10.4. P T c d d d c d a a d ca ac ad aPV a a d a d a a c c d c .A ca b c c d d ab 6 8 c 100% PV a a a d 20% a c ,

100% L ba 70% a .I a a ab ( ) a a c a , PV a a ca b a d b a a

c a c .I ca a a d dbac d d b b d . D b a ad 50% c a da , a d 45 d a d

c d b a d d a (d d cac a , ab 4).A d ca a d a d b dbac d, c d bad a a a c ca ac da d a

da .

10.5. E : T ab b d a a d c d c , a c d ca ac

a c , ba d V c E c d d c c .

10.5.1. T a :T d c d, ac d a d ab :T c c dT a a T ab a a W a a d c a ca , c a a a c

, ca a b d d.T ad c ab c a d ca b d ad d

. c .c .

F ac ad d d:C 1: , a c a a c a a c d a d d da . T ba ad a a W/ W a a d ca c b

d b a ba . T ba ad b a a c c c .

C 2: , c ca a b d c a ( c a acc a ) a d a d d d . T ad a a W/ W a b ca a b

a a d ba ad.C 3: a a a a c c d a c . I b b a H b a d c c ad d c d, b d c a d. P a

c c d ca a b d c d b a a a d/ a ad c c a.

W a a ca 3 ad ca b c d , bc a c add a ba a ca ac d d.


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10.5.2. T ab ( ab 6 8) c a a d c d c 7• P :

T PV a a a b d a c 100% d b ad ca a da .

T a a b d c c a : O a da a d a a a ab a , a

d. T ab a a a cab . W c ba a , c b c 100%, a da .

T c c a a da a a a d bc c c . Add a a b d b d. S c ,

, a a b 100%.• L :

T L ba a b d d ad ca d da . Y a d 100% c d. B ba b

d d a da a a d.

T L ba c a b a a .

10.5.3. Tab 9 11: , OP S ba• OP B :

I ab L ba a b ac d b a OP S ba , a a d d ad ca a da . Y a d 100% c

d. B ba b d d a da a a d. T a a ca ac b ca ca ac d c

50% c a 80% ca L ba ( c 10.3.3). • P :

T PV a a a a a b d a c 100% d b ad ca a da .T a a a P c c c OP S ba c a d L .

T a c c a L .

W 100% ba a a d 100% PV, c ab d ca 1+2+3 ab 6 11 a a d a c PV a d c CHP

a da . R c CHP a ca b d c d b PV a a a d/ ba .

10.5.4. Tab 12 14: Ba a d c d 30% PV Tab 12 14 ac c 5 b ab c a c a ba a d PV

.

T b ab (a) a a c c a d ab 6 8.T L ba a d PV a a a b d a 100%.

T b ab (b, c a d d) a ba d a c a a aa 60% W a a a d bac d. A c 10.1,ba a ca b d c d a a 30% da W a a .I b ab b PV a a a b a 100% a d ba a a

d c d 30%.I b ab c a d d PV a a a b c a d c 200% a d 300%, a d ba

a a b c a d acc d .

I b ab PV a a a a a d a 300% b L ba a b ac d aOP S ba , d a 100%.


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32

N :R a d c c a b c c ca d a a ba b c a

da a ( d), a b ca ba a d c d 30% da PV a a . I a ca a a b a d (

dbac d b ), b d c c d b ad ( a ad), b bac d, b a ba .

D c dbac d d c a c c ( d ba c c ), a d ad c a c .

N :N da a da , . W a d, a

ba , d c a c c b c a c .T b ab a b c a d a a 100% a d

ba . T a a b c a a d a a da , b c ( a d c c ) ca a d a a .

I a S a (S a ) a , ab 4 a a a a a 74% da . I ba d 30% da PV , 74%

30% = 44% b d bac d a d/ a ad, b a ba a d a d (8%

ca L a d a a 20% ca ad ac d).

N :Ba ca ac d c . T a acc d d ca ac 80% a

a ca ac . I d a d ca ac a a ab ba ac d , a ba d b a d b a ac 1/0,8 = 1,25. T ac c d d a ca aca ca c a d ab .


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Tab 6: T c c d100% L ba a d 100% PV

T c ab d Ca 1+2+3 c d ab ad (= a a c a a c c d a c ).

I a ab ad c , a a , 350 W da .T b ca c c ad :

b c a a ac a a d c d d a a d c a d c a a a d b

C 1 C 1+2 C 1+2+3L (ba ad) ( ab ad ) ( c )

E S S 4,37 5,73 6,08 WW W 5,75 7,11 7,46 WA a E = 365*(S+W)/2 1801 2286 2410 W

L 100% E a ca ac S/(0,80*0,94) 5,81 7,62 8,09 WN a a 24 24 24 VA a ca ac E c/N 242 317 337 AC 1233 / W 7.165 9.395 9.969

100% R d da H b S* 1 4,37 5,73 6,08 W /daR d da PV RdH /0,85 5,14 6,74 7,15 WA a W RdPV /6 857 1124 1192 WC 2,19 /W 1.877 2.461 2.611

H 1E c c a c ac + DC cab

Ƞ *Ƞ 96 96 96 %

Ma . C a c Ƞ *Ƞ *A /N 34 45 48 AS a c a c MPPT 70/50 260 MPPT 70/50 260 MPPT 70/50 260

Ma . L ad L 660 2660 2660 WI /c a M M MG dA d d 24/2000/50 1.454 24/2000/50 1.454G dA d d 24/1200/25 969 24/3000/70 24/3000/70H 1: 10.271 13.570 14.294

H 2 3PV 1,5 W 1.149 1,5 W 1.149 1,5 W 1.149 WE c c PV +I /c a Ƞc*Ƞ *Ƞ 90 90 90 %

Ma . C a c Ƞc*Ƞ *Ƞ *A /N 32 42 45 AMa . L ad L 660 2660 2660 WI /c a M M MG dA d d 24/1600/40 1.163 24/3000/70 2.180 24/3000/70 2.180H 2 3: 11.354 15.185 15.909


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34

Tab 7: T a a 100% L ba a d 100% PV

T c ab d Ca 1+2+3 c d ab ad (= a a c a a c c d a c ) c , a , c a a 2050 W da : a ac c c a a c d c c a d a c c a a a d c a d c a a a d b

C 1 C 1+2 C 1+2+3L (ba ad) ( ab ad ) ( c )

E S S 8,38 10,02 12,07 WW W 11,14 12,78 14,83 WA a E = 365*(S+W)/2 3475 4058 4788 W



H 1E c c a c ac + DC cab Ƞ *Ƞ 96 96 96 %


Ma . L ad L 1305 3305 3805 WI /c a M M MG dA d d 48/3000/35 2.180G dA d d 24/2000/50 1.454 48/3000/35 2.180 48/5000/70H 1: 19.513 23.632 27.873

H 2 3PV 2 W 1.393 2 W 1.393 2,8 W 1.670 WE c c PV +I /c a

Ƞc*Ƞ *Ƞ 90 90 90 %



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Tab 8: T ab a a 100% L ba a d 100% PV

T c ab d Ca 1+2+3 c d ab ad (= a a c a a c c d a c ) c , a , c a a 7100 W da : a ac c c a a c d c c a d a c c a a c c d c c a d c a a a d b

C 1 C 1+2 C 1+2+3L (ba ad) ( ab ad ) ( c )

E S S 18,96 20,88 27,98 WW W 23,10 25,02 32,12 WA a E = 365*(S+W)/2 7487 8170 10698 W




Ƞ *Ƞ 96 96 96 %

Ma . C a c Ƞ *Ƞ *A /N 74 82 110 AS a c a c MPPT 150/75 720 2*MPPT 150/75 1.440 2*MPPT 150/75 1.440

Ma . L ad L 2560 4560 10560 WI /c a M M MG dA d d 48/3000/35 2.180 48/5000/70 2.907G dA d d 48/3000/35 2.180 48/5000/70 48/10000/140H 1: 42.129 46.822 62.239

H 2 3PV 5 W 2.554 5 W 2.554 8 W 4.000 WE c c PV +

I /c a Ƞc*Ƞ *Ƞ 90 90 90 %



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37

Tab 10: T a a 100% OP S ba a d 100% PV

T c ab d Ca 1+2+3 c d ab ad (= a a c a a c c d a c ) c , a , c a a 2050 W da : a ac c c a a c d c c a d a c c a a a d c a d c a a a d b

N :I d d c b ba c a d c a A c , a DC a

d.

C 1 C 1+2 C 1+2+3OP (ba ad) ( ab ad ) ( c )

E

S S 8,38 10,02 12,07 W

W W 11,14 12,78 14,83 W

A a E = 365*(S+W)/2 3475 4058 4788 W

OP 100% E a ca ac S/(0,50*0,94) 17,83 21,32 25,68 WN a a 24 48 48 VA a ca ac E c/N 743 444 535 AC 312 / W 5.563 6.652 8.012



Ƞ *Ƞ 96 96 96 %


Ma . L ad L 1305 3305 3805 WI /c a M M MG dA d d 48/3000/35 2.180G dA d d 24/2000/50 969 48/3000/35 2.180 48/5000/70H 1: 11.330 14.428 16.786

H 2 3PV 2 W 1.393 2 W 1.393 2,8 1.670 WE c c PV +I /c a Ƞc*Ƞ *Ƞ 90 90 90 %Ma . C a c Ƞc*Ƞ *Ƞ *A /N 62 37 45 AMa . L ad L 1305 3305 3805 WI /c a M M MG dA d d 24/3000/70 2.180 48/3000/35 2.180 48/5000/70 2.907H 2 3: 13.214 15.101 18.463


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Tab 11: T ab a a 100% L ba a d 100% PV

T c ab d Ca 1+2+3 c d ab ad (= a a c a a c c d a c ) c , a , c a a 7100 W da : a ac c c a a c d c c a d a c c a a c c d c c a d c a a a d b

N :I d d c b ba c a d c a A c , a DC a

d.

C 1 C 1+2 C 1+2+3OP (ba ad) ( ab ad ) ( c )

E

S S 18,96 20,88 27,98 W

W W 23,10 25,02 32,12 WA a E = 365*(S+W)/2 7487 8170 10698 W

OP 100% E a ca ac S/(0,50*0,94) 40,34 44,43 59,53 WN a a 48 48 48 VA a ca ac E c/N 840 926 1240 AC 312 / W 12.586 13.861 18.574


H 1

E c c a c ac + DC cab

Ƞ *Ƞ 96 96 96 %

Ma . C a c Ƞ *Ƞ *A /N 84 93 124 AS a c a c MPPT 150/75 720 2*MPPT 150/75 1.440 2*MPPT 150/75 1.440

Ma . L ad L 2560 4560 10560 WI /c a M M MG dA d d 48/3000/35 2.180 48/5000/70 2.907G dA d d 48/3000/35 2.180 48/5000/70 48/10000/140H 1: 24.713 27.642 36.538

H 2 3PV 5 W 2.554 5 W 2.554 8 W 4.000 WE c c PV +I /c a

Ƞc*Ƞ *Ƞ 90 90 90 %



39/41


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41/41

Tab 14 T ab a a

C 1+2 C 1+2+3L ba 100% 27,77 W 34.235 73% 37,21 W 45.877 74%PV a a 100% 4.094 W 8.966 19% 5.486 W 12.015 19%

S a c a c 2*MPPT 150/70 1.440 3% 2*MPPT 150/70 1.440 2%I /c a 48/3000/35 2.180 5% 48/5000/70 2.907 5%H 1: 46.822 100% 62.239 100%

PV 5 W 2.554 5% 8 W 4.000 6%I /c a 48/8000/110 4.748 10% 48/10000/140 5.233 8%H 2 3: 50.504 108% 67.125 108%

L ba 30% 8,33 W 10.271 44% 11,16 W 13.763 46%PV a a 100% 4.094 W 8.966 38% 5.486 W 12.015 40%


PV 5 W 2.554 11% 8 W 4.000 13%I /c a 48/8000/110 4.748 20% 48/10000/140 5.233 17%

H 2 3: 26.539 113% 35.011 116%

L ba 60% 16,66 W 20.541 45% 22,32 W 27.526 47%PV a a 200% 8.188 W 17.932 40% 10.973 W 24.030 41%


PV 10 W 5.000 11% 12 W 6.000 10%I /c a 48/10000/140 4.748 10% 48/10000/140 5.233 9%H 2 3: 48.221 106% 62.789 107%

L ba 100% 27,77 W 34.235 47% 37,21 W 45.877 49%

PV a a 300% 12.282 W 26.898 37% 16.459 W 36.045 38%

S a c a c 4*MPPT 150/70 2.880 4% 5*MPPT 150/70 3.600 4%I /c a 3*48/5000/70 8.721 12% 3*48/5000/70 8.721 9%H 1: 72.735 100% 94.243 100%

PV 15 W 7.500 10% 20 10.000 11%I /c a 3*48/5000/70 8.721 12% 3*48/8000/110 14.244 15%H 2 3: 77.355 106% 106.166 113%

OP S ba 100% 44,43 W 13.861 25% 59,53 W 18.574 26%PV a a 300% 13.920 W 30.485 54% 18.653 W 40.851 57%

S a c a c 4*MPPT 150/70 2.880 5% 5*MPPT 150/70 3.600 5%I /c a 3*48/5000/70 8.721 16% 3*48/5000/70 8.721 12%H 1: 55.947 100% 71.746 100%

PV 15 W 7.500 13% 20 10.000 14%I /c a 3*48/5000/70 8.721 16% 3*48/8000/110 14.244 20%H 2 3: 60.567 108% 83.669 117%

Tab 14aC c a d

ab 8

Tab 14bL ba d

c( c 10.1)

Tab 14cL ba d

c 200% PV a a

Tab 14dL ba d

c 300% PV a a

Tab 14OP S ba d

c 300% PV a a

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