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Who are the Experts?

Simon KampaIAM Group

University of Southampton

20001

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Who am I?

• 3rd Year Postgraduate Student

• IAM Group, University of Southampton

• Supervisor: Dr. Les Carr

• Research interests: metadata, semantic web, hypertext, ontologies

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Agenda

I. Introduction and Background

II. Scholarly Research on the WWW

III. Improvements

IV. ESKIMO

V. Conclusion

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Part 1: IntroductionIn a Nutshell

• Problem: Scholarly research poorly supported by the WWW

• PhD work draws from– Hypertext– Ontologies and Inference– Semantic Web

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Background: Hypertext and Scholars

• Problems with representing discourse

• Problems with accurately linking a research field

• Cognitive and information overload, disorientation

• Need meaningful, structured, and consistent links

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Background: Ontologies

• “Specification of a conceptualisation”

• Advantages: communications, system interoperability, consensus, reasoning

• Disadvantages: time consuming, difficult to agree on a shared understanding

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Background: Semantic Web

• Automated information access based on machine-processible semantics

• Architecture contains several layers• Intelligent Web • Requires technology from several fields

– Metadata and parsers– Knowledge modelling– Reasoning services

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Part II: Scholarly Research

• Computer Science, Physics, … have good literature support on the WWW

• But, current support duplicates traditional approach

• Digital libraries and e-journals too literature focused

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Research

• Research requires systematic investigation of many resources (not only literature)

• Scholar = Detective• Traditionally, very labour intensive task• WWW helps, but falls over on:

– Search capabilities– Interlinking– Analysis

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ACM Digital Library

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Some Typical Queries

• What other papers has this author published?• What are the prominent papers in agent

systems?• Which papers give a broader discussion on

link semantics?• What impact has this project had?• Which institutes researching adaptive

hypermedia have strong ties?• Who are the experts in agent systems?

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Study

• Study to investigate use of Web for academic research

• 10 participants received typical research queries

• Participants behaviour observed

• Result: e-Scholar is poorly supported

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Other problems …

• Corpus not available

• Financial barriers

• Bibliographic tools

• Commentary facilities

• Lack of INTEGRATION

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Part III: Improvements

• Involve entire scholarly community

• Interlinking of material

• Structured and intuitive access to interlinked research information

• Analysis of research to help solve the intricate queries that scholars make

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More than just literature …

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Interlinking complex fields

• Linking a complex field is difficult

• Intricate real-life relationships

• Combine ontology and hypertext– Ontology: provide the structure and

understanding to express relationships– Hypertext: provide the linking mechanism

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Ontological Hypertext

• Result: intuitive and structured navigation style

• Queries can now be resolved by following links, rather than issuing queries– Query-by-linking

• Demonstrated in early prototype and then in the OntoPortal project

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OntoPortal

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OntoPortal

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OntoPortal

• Framework for creating research portals

• Definite authoring overhead

• Successfully implemented in– Metadata portal (DERA contract)– Teaching portal– Icon Directory

• Provides a basic research environment

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Analysis: Inference

• Uncover information that the user is otherwise unaware of

• Simplest example– Reflexive (hasAuthor hasWritten)

• More interesting– Which papers has this team published?

• Complex– Who are the seminal papers?

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(Augmented) Bibliometrics

• Co-citation, collaboration, impact factors

• Can combine with new community knowledge– What impact has this research team had?– Which agent projects collaborate?– Which teams are frequently co-cited?

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Part IV: ESKIMO

• Extends concepts developed earlier

• Developed scholarly community ontology

• Added inference abilities

• Added bibliometric facilities

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The Scholarly Community

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Ontology Representation• RDFS used to represent scholarly ontology

<rdf:Description ID="Conference">

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class"/>

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Publication_Medium"/>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description ID="sponsoredBy">

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Property"/>

<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Conference"/>

<rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Society"/>

</rdf:Description>

. . .

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The System

• Used ACM HT data from last 13 years as dataset

• Data cleansing and some manual editing required

• Resulted in about:– 12,000 unique instances– 34,000 relationships

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Classifying Hypertext

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Architecture Overview (in 60 seconds)

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ESKIMO

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ESKIMO

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ESKIMO

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ESKIMO

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ESKIMO

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ESKIMO

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ESKIMO

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ESKIMO

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Part V: Conclusions

• Scholarly research poorly supported by the WWW

• ESKIMO addresses some of the important issues– Awareness of entire scholarly community– Structured, intuitive interlinking– Ability to resolve the intricate queries we make

• Questions?