who was john marshall? the democratic-republican victory in the 1800 election began a long run of...
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The Marshall Court
Mr. GieslerAmerican History
Who was John Marshall?
The Democratic-Republican victory in
the 1800 election began a long run
of Republican political success.
In spite of Federalists' departure from
most elective offices, they remained
a powerful force in American life
especially through their leading position
among federal judges.
Who was John Marshall?
In the final months of Adams' administration he
enlarged the federal judiciary and appointed many
new judges.
In the view of Governor Morris, a Federalist
senator from New York, this created an independent
judiciary necessary "to save the people from their
most dangerous enemy, themselves.“
Who was John Marshall?
"MIDNIGHT APPOINTMENTS"
In Jefferson's view, the Federalists "retired into the judiciary as a stronghold . . .
and from that battery all the works of Republicanism are to be beaten down and
destroyed."
The most influential of Adams' final judicial appointments in 1801 was naming
John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
He held that position until his death in 1835
Shaped the court's decisions and dramatically raised its stature.
Who was John Marshall?
He also defined the basic relationship of the judiciary to the rest of the federal
government.
His forceful actions as Chief Justice set the Supreme Court on a course it has
continued to follow for the next two centuries.
Marshall was guided by a strong commitment to judicial power and by a belief in
the supremacy of national over state legislatures.
His judicial vision was very much in keeping with the Federalist political program
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
U.S. v. Peters (1809)
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816)
Cohens v. Virginia (1821
McCullough v. Maryland (1819)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824).
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
B. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
Martin v. Mott (1827)
We will examine the following landmark Supreme Court cases
Name ___________________________
Supreme Court Case: ___________________________________________
Background:
Issue(s):
Court Decision(s): Chief Justice - _______________________________
Legal Impact of the Decision:
Refer to Supreme Court Worksheet
Small Group Activity
Learning Stations
Classroom will be divided up into nine learning stations
Each station will focus on one specific landmark case decided by
the Marshall Court
Use your Supreme Court worksheet to complete task
Major Goals of Marshall
Increase the powers of the national government
Diminish the powers of the states
Perpetuate the Federalist principle of centralization.
Legacy of Marshall
Established the primacy of federal government over states in exercising control
of economy
Opened the way for an increased federal role in promoting economic growth
Affirmed protection for corporations and other private economic institutions
from local governmental interference. This allowed for the growth of the new
industrial capitalist economy.
Homework In summary format (one or two paragraphs each)
Address the following: