Who’s Who In Coaching:Who Shaped It, Who’s Shaping It

Vikki G. Brock

November 1, 2006ICF Research Symposium

Doctoral Study Intent

Provide an accurate recording of the emergence of the coaching field:

• Recognize the influence of related professions

• Value the contributions of pioneers

• Include divergent perspectives

This is a collaborative effort for the benefit of coaching.

Research ApproachLiterature search (2005-2006)

– Internet

– Books

– Periodicals, newsletters, etc

Survey (4th quarter 2005)– 1310 respondents

Interviews (2006)– Over 150 people

Content

• Related Professions Influence

• Early Coaching Timeline

• Key Influencer Relationships

• Professional Coaching Associations

• Geographical Timeline

1950s

1879

1880s

MANAGEMENT

PSYCHOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

SOCIALPSYCHOLOGY

ORGANIZATIONDEVELOPMENT

NEW AGE MOVEMENT

CONSULTING

LEADERSHIP

FACILITATION

PERSONNEL FUNCTION HUMAN RESOURCES

1843

1970s

1838

1930s-1950s

1973

1977

Mid-1980s1900

19th Century

1890s

LINGUISTICS

ADULT LEARNINGTRAINING

12-STEP PROGRAM1935

ADULT DEVELOPMENT*ADULT EDUCATION

1926

HPM1960s

SUCCESS MERCHANTS1937-1960

HUMANISTIC

MENTORINGPERFORMING ARTS

19th Century 1945 21st Century

ANTHROPOLOGY1800

BIOLOGY

Identified Influence from SurveyOther Influencing Discipline

ECONOMICS

PHILOSOPHY

SPORTS

1960s

Apprenticeships

TRANSPERSONAL1950s

Coaching Timeline

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

The Managerial Grid book

Beckhard OD Leader-Coachrelationship

CCL consultant-coach leadership work

OD coachinginfluenced by: Wheatley, Covey, Goleman, SengeGardner, Nevis, Cooperrider

BUSINESS COACHING INFLUENCES

Inner Game LTD

Large Group Awareness Training (LGAT)

• est• Leadership

Dynamics• LifeSpring• etc.

Personal Dev. Training•Mind DynamicsEsalen founded -explore “Human Potential”

1930s•Dale Carnegie•Napoleon Hill

1950s•Earl Nightingale•Norman Vincent Peale•L. Ron Hubbard “Scientology”•Transcendental Meditation

•Maxwell Maltz“Cybernetics”•Jose Silva “Silva Mind Control”•Thomas Harris “I’m OK, You’re OK”

Landmark Forum

PDI offers Exec. Coaching

Transformational Technologies

PERSONAL COACHING INFLUENCES

Self-help industry includes 12-step programs

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

Performance Coaching for

Managers book

Linkage Inc

APA Executive Coaching

1978 Coaching for Improved Work Performance (Fournes)

1979 Coaching: Beyond Management (Selman)A Manager’s Guide to Coaching (Megginson)

1980 Inner Game (Gallwey)Inner Game Ltd (Whitmore)

1981 Personnel Decisions International (PDI) offers Executive Coaching (Peterson)

1984 Transformational Technologies (Sellman/Erhard)

1987 The Coach: Creating Partnerships for a Competitive Edge (Stowell/Starcevich)

1987 Results Unlimited (Sally Hedges)

Early Business CoachingBooks, Services and Workshops

Early Personal CoachingBooks, Services and Workshops

1989 College for Life Planning (Leonard)

1992 Coaches Training Institute (CTI)Coach University

1998 Co-Active Coaching (Whitworth, Kimsey-House, Sandahl)

1998 Evoking Excellence in Others (Flaherty)

Julio Olalla

David Peterson

Michael Cavanagh

Fernando Flores

Rey CarrDavid

Megginson

Anthony Grant

Randall White

Frederic Hudson

David Clutterbuck

Philosophy

Psychology

Richard Kilberg

CANADA

UNITED S

TATE

S

UNITED KINGDOM

Pauline Willis

David Lane

Stephen Palmer

AUSTRALIA

Mentoring

Robert Witherspoon

James Flaherty

Jeff Auerbach

Patrick Williams

Linda Page

CHILE

Julio Olalla

Worked for WEA

SPORTS

Actors Information Project1979-1990

Madeleine Homan Rick TamlinCynthia Loy Darst Eric KohnerDavid Matthew Prior Isabel Parlett

Sponsored through

Amnesty International

Werner Erhard Associates (est)

Founded 1971

Sir John Whitmore

Fernando Flores

Thomas Leonard

Laura Whitworth

Henry Kimsey-House

Timothy Gallwey

James Flaherty

Jay Perry

ACTING

FINANCE

Transformational TechnologiesCo-founded 1984

Jim Selman

13 OtherFranchises

Alan Collins

Werner Erhard

Corporate Division

Individual Focus

Rafael Echeverria

1982

UK 1975

1974

1990s

New Ventures West

Newfield Network

ONT

OLO

GIC

AL

1976

1982

1975

Management and Consulting

Ken Blanchard Robert

Hargrove

1990

1985

Werner Erhard “est”Warren Patrick Penn “Leadership Dynamics ”Ravelle, White, Hanley, Afremow “Lifespring”Thomas Willhite “PSI World Seminars”Howard Nease “Personal Dynamics”Alexander Everett “Inward Bound”John Quinn “Lifestream”Bob White “Life Dynamics” (Japan)John Enright “ARC Seminars”Stewart Emery “Actualizations”Randy Ravelle “Context Associated”

Esalen Carl Rogers Timothy LearyRobert Bly B. F. SkinnerFritz Perls Gregory BatesonAlan Watts Richard AlpertStanislav Grof Milton Erickson

Findhorn Spiritual and New Age FocusDavid Spangler

1974 May Lectures (UK)Sir John Whitmore- Werner Erhard, Gestalt, Psychosynthesis- Brought Findhorn and Esalen together

1930s Dale CarnegieNapoleon Hill

1950s Earl NightingaleNorman Vincent PealeL. Ron Hubbard “Scientology”Maxwell Maltz “Cybernetics”Jose Silva “Silva Mind Control”

1960s Alexander Everett Mind Dynamics”

Organization Development

1950s

Findhorn1962UKEsalen

1962USA

National Training Laboratories (NTL)

1947 USA

Success Merchants

1930s-1960sUSA

Tavistock1946 (1921)

UK

Large Group Awareness

Training (LGAT)1970s-1980s

Transpersonal Psychology

1970sHumanistic Psychology

1950s

“T” and “S” Groups1960 Edwin Nevis1970s John Carter

Tim Gallwey—Sports 1974

Performance

Personal Development

Transpersonal Psychology

Humanistic Psychology

Carl RogersAbraham Maslow

Fritz PerlsVirginia SatirAlbert Ellis

Roberto AssagioliAldous HuxleyStanislof Grof

Michael MurphyAlan Watts

Werner ErhardAlexander Everett

Joe SilvaL. Ron HubbardDale CarnegieNapoleon Hill

Sir John WhitmoreGraham Alexander

Myles Downey(and many others)

Business/ Organization

CoachingUnited Kingdom

United States

Jim SelmanWerner Erhard

(and many others)

Transformational Technologies

1980

1980

1984

1975

• National Training Laboratories (NTL)

• Tavistock• Gestalt PrinciplesBusiness

Coaching

Organization Development

Psychology

Marshall GoldsmithJim SelmanFernando FloresMary Beth O’Neill

Management Consulting

Richard KilburgDavid PetersonRobert WitherspoonRandall WhiteAnthony GrantDavid Lane

Frederic Hudson

Adult Learning and Development

David MegginsonKen BlanchardStephen CoveyFerdinand Fournies

Leadership Development

Sir John WhitmoreTimothy GallweyGraham AlexanderMyles DowneyRichard Strozzi-Heckler

Sports

David ClutterbuckDavid MegginsonEric Parsloe

Mentoring

New York Coaching AlliancePersonnel Decisions Inc.

Hudson InstituteNational Coaching Network

Int’l Assn Ontological CoachesCoaches Training Institute

Collaboration 1990

International Coach

Federation 1998 & on

Coach U

Founded 1992Sold 1996 toSandy Vilas

Coachville

Founded June 2, 2001

International Associationof Coaches

Launch 1995Spun off 1997

Idea in May 2002Spun off March 11, 2003

Coaches TrainingInstitute

Co-Founded 1992

Laura WhitworthHenry Kimsey-HouseKaren Kimsey-House

Professional and Personal

CoachesAssociation

1995

Became one in

Dec.1997

College for Life

Planning1989-1991

International Association of Personal and

Professional Coaches1993

Invite

d—de

cline

d

International Coach

Federation 1997

Coaching Associations

1994 1995 1996 1997 ⇔ 2002 2003 2004 2005

IAPPC PPCA

ICF

PCMA NABC WABCCanada

EMCC

IAC

AC

APECS

ACTO ICCO GSAEC

BPS-SGPC

APS-IGPC

Australia

JCAJapan1999

CCAChina

United States

United Kingdom

European

Geographical Spread of CoachingEarliest Coaching Program or Company

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

United States – Inner Game “Timothy Gallwey”

United Kingdom – Inner Game “Sir John Whitmore”

Switzerland

Austria

France

Hong Kong - China

JapanAustraliaSingapore

KoreaItaly

Beginnings of CoachingBusiness Coaching1980 United States – Timothy Gallwey

United Kingdom – Sir John Whitmore

Personal Coaching1989 United States – Thomas Leonard

Common Threads Worldwide1960s-80s Humanistic & Transpersonal Psychology1970s-80s Large Group Awareness Training1980s Consulting, OD & Leader Development

In Summary…

Werner Erhard popularized personal growth

Thomas Leonard popularized coaching

Neither founded either field