why active snacking is the most effective method of nutritional supplementation
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8/9/2019 Why Active Snacking is the Most Effective Method of Nutritional Supplementation
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Nutritional Practices & Habits of Boomer Consumers:Why Active Snacking is the Most Effective Method of
Nutritional Supplementation
Nutritional tools to minimize age acceleratorsand enhance an active and healthy functionallifestyle
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Nutrition can have a significant effect on health status; Optimal NutritionalPractices can help manage chronic disease states and improve active
lifestyles throughout aging.
Lack of proper nutritional practices and habits contributes to the progression of chronic disease states and compromises the healthstatus and lifestyles of the normal aging process in 70% of boomer & older consumers, (NIA Report, 2010; J.Geront A Biol Sci.MedSci,2008)
Under-nutrition can accelerate the age-related decline of a healthy functional response by up to 60%. This leads to an age-resistantresponse by muscles , requiring more effective use of nutritional energy sources , (J.Nut.Health.Aging 16:35-45,2007)
Between the ages of 50 and 75, daily caloric intake decreases by 12% but protein intake decreases by 30%. While Fat intakedecreases by 12%, saturated fat increases by 15% while poly-unsaturated/omega 3 decrease up to 20% (NHANES, 2006 CSFII,1996;Wakimoto & Block, 2001)
Over 50% of 50 yr plus consumers are protein under-nourished while less than 20% consume too few calories,(Wakimoto & Block2001, NHANES 2006)
80% of protein under-nourished consumers experience up to a 50% loss of muscle mass by age 75 and a 100% increase in fat mass.This leads to poor strength and energy and increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes and cognitive decline by up to 40%. Overall, asignificant decline in activity level coupled with poor nutrition accelerates the aging process. (Obesity Res.2004;12:913; Obesity Res.2004; 12:1995; JAGS,1999;48:1409)
A decrease in protein intake and loss of muscle along with inadequate vitamin and mineral intake and lack of exercise can acceleratethe aging process and decrease quality of life while chronic diseases increase. Age-resistant muscle building can be overcome byspecial protein with high leucine and essential amino acids (Am.J.Clin.Nut.2003;778:250-253; NHIS Schoenern, 2006)
Nutritional supplementation with active snacking times can improve functional health status of aging and is more effective than mealreplacement. Optimizing the effect of Nutrition can be achieved with therapeutic nutrition. British Med J.2008;337:92-95
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18 25 35 50 65 75 85
AGE
100
75
50
Normal LifeFunctionResponse Curve
Effect of HeartDisease &Diabetes on LifeFunction
CognitiveDecline Effect
BeneViaNutritionAdvantage
Healthy Life Function Response Curve & The Influence of ChronicDiseases, Nutrition and Exercise on Overall Functional Activity withAging. Strong & Active Health Management (Adapted from Am.Fam.Phys,56:1815-1822,1997;NatlHealthStatistics 2009; NEJM 343:530-540, 2000)
PercentofFullFunction
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18 25 35 50 65 75 85
AGE
50
40
30
20
10Normal LifeFunctionResponse Curve
Cascade of Age AcceleratorsEffecting Healthy Life Function. Anillustration of the impact of nutrition, physiology and chronicdisease risk on active life stages. Increasing Risk Results in Loss ofHealthy Life Function (Adapted with NEJM 343:530-540,2000; NHANES 2000; NIA 2010)
PercentIncreaseRis
k
100
75
50
PercentO
fNormalHealthyLifeFunction
Decreasing Quality Protein Intake Results in Loss ofLean Muscle Body Weight, Reduces Strength & Energyand compromises healthy life function over time
Increasing Fat Mass Leads to Increased Rates ofObesity; Inactivity Causes further Decline
High Incidence of Heart & CardiovascularDisease Increases risk of co-morbidities
Increased Prevalence of Diabetesaccelerated due to below issues
Increased Risk & Incidence ofLoss of Cognitive Performance
Poor Protein, low AntiOx, NoActive Nutrients AcceleratesAging Faster
Initial Thresholdof AgeAcceleration
Chronic DiseaseThreshold ofAge Acceleration
Therapeutic NutritionHealth ManagementThreshold
Life Function Responses (% of Peak)(lines right /below are scaled to far right axis)
Healthy,Active
AgeAccelerated
Normal AgeDecline
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The aging shift to more Fat Mass vs
Muscle can be controlled with intakeof quality protein sources and fewercalories. This helps avoid build up offat in the blood and muscle, reducesinflammation and minimizes the ageresistance of muscle and thus the
acceleration of the aging process
(ABC Study 2007, Am J.Clin Nutrition)
KeyNutritionalVariable
Optimal IntakeLevel forNormal,Healthy Aging(age 50 75yrs)
ThresholdIntake Level ator belowwhich Agingis Accelerated
Typical &AverageIntake Levelsfor 50 to 75 yrConsumers
Calories 1600 kcal/day 1300 kcal/day 1800kcal/day
Protein 1.2g/kg-bw/day(avg 85g/day)
0.8g/kg-bw/day(avg 56g/day)
65g/day
Carbohydrate 206 g/day 175 g/day 200g/day
EssentialAmino Acids +Leucine
40g/day on avg 25.2g/day onavg
26g/day
CalciumVitamin DOmega3/DHA
LuteinB Vitamins
1200 mg/d600 IU
>250 mg/d
4mg/d1.8 mg/d
800 mg/d400 IU
50 mg/d
2mg/d1.3mg/d
700 mg/d500 IU
30 mg/d
< 2mg/d1.6mg/d
Inadequate Protein Intake Is the Primary Cause of Healthy Functional Decline inAging. Lean Body (Muscle) Mass is a Critical Need in Aging while Caloric Controlscan help Avoid the Age Accelerators of Excess Fat Mass and Body Weight (USDARDAs 2009; NHANES 2006;J.Am.Ger.Soc.54:991-1001,2007)
(Controllable Nutrient Accelerators of Aging)
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0
20
40
60
Non-Supplementation
With Amino AcidSupplementation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Soy Casein Whey Hi Leu/EAA
Effective Nutritional Supplementation that Slows the Accelerators of Aging Mustaddress Three Critical issues 1) Effectively Increase Protein Intake, 2) Use a HighLeucine Essential Amino Acid Protein Blend that overcomes Aging MusclesResistance to Building More Muscle and 3) Time Nutritional Supplementation Intakethat Optimizes the Effects of Active Nutrients on the Muscle & Body Systems (Layman.Nutrition and Metabolism 2009; 6: 12 Volpi E, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, et al: Am J Clin Nutr2003;78:250-258))
Muscle Building Muscle Breakdown
PercentMuscleBuilding
Per
centMuscleActivity Supplementation with Protein Blends of High
Leucine/Essential Amino Acids Improves theMuscle Building Balance to More MuscleBuilding and Less Breakdown. In subjects 50to 75 yrs this improvement overcomes theresistance of aging muscles to build stronger
muscle mass. (Clin. Nutrition,2008)
Optimal & Maximal Protein Synthesis isAchieved when 715grams of Essential AminoAcids/Leucine Blends are used or whenintact/total protein sources of 25 35grams isavailable. (Exp Geront. 2006; 41:215-219; Am.J.Physiol 2006;291:381; Biolo et al. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: E122-E129)
Use of High Leucine/Essential Amino AcidProtein Blends by subjects 50 to 75 yrs is aMore Effective Source of Protein at Buildingand Improving Muscle Mass than otherprotein forms of Supplementation Paddon Joneset al. Am J Physiol 286: E321-E325, 2004; Am J Physiol 288:
E761-E767, 2005
Optimal Muscle Building Range
15gIntactProteinSourceEffect
30gintakelevels
7 & 15gintake ofamino acidblend withLeucine
Concentrated, lower volume Leucine/EAA blendsare More Effective than Intact Protein
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PercentMuscleB
uildingEffectiveness
100
75
50
25
0
Optimal Muscle Building Range Per Intake
Average Per Meal Protein IntakePattern for 50 to 75 yr Consumers
13gprotein
36gprotein
20gprotein
Breakfast Lunch Dinner Exercise Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snack
14gprotein
Average Daily Muscle Building Effect
Typical Per Meal Daily Protein Intake Levels and Source of Protein isInadequate to Optimally Stimulate Muscle Building Capacity. This is in spite ofConsumption of Adequate Caloric Intake Above the Age Accelerator Threshold
Ca
loricIntake
600
400
200
Average Per Meal Caloric IntakePattern for 50 to 75 yr Consumers
405 479 767 356
2007 total calories consumed daily
Adapted from: Paddon Jones et al. Am J Physiol 286: E321-E325, 2004; Am J Physiol 288: E761-E767, 2005; NHANES 2006 Summary reports
Data represents nutriitonal intake of 50-75yr old consumers as reported from NHANES 2006 and NFSII 2004)
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PercentMuscleB
uildingEffectiveness
100
75
50
25
0
Optimal Muscle Building Range Per Intake
Average Per Meal Protein IntakePattern for 50 to 75 yr Consumers
13gprotein
36gprotein
20gprotein
Breakfast Lunch Dinner Exercise Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snack
14gprotein
Average Daily Muscle Building Effect
Supplementation with Typical Nutritional Beverages will Have Little to Noeffect on Increasing Muscle Building Capacity and will Result in only anExcess of 250 to 350 Calories
Ca
loricIntake
600
400
200
Average Per Meal Caloric IntakePattern for 50 to 75 yr Consumers
405 479 767 356
2007 total calories consumed daily
10gprotein250 cal
Supplementation Effect
Adapted by: Paddon-Jones D and Rasmussen BB. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009;12:86-90
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PercentMuscleB
uildingEffectiveness
100
75
50
25
0
Optimal Muscle Building Range Per Intake
Average Per Meal Protein IntakePattern for 50 to 75 yr Consumers
13gprotein
36gprotein
20gprotein
Breakfast Lunch Dinner Exercise Breakfast Lunch Dinner Snack
14gprotein
Average Daily Muscle Building Effect
Meal Replacement with Typical Nutritional Beverages will Result in even LessEffective Muscle Building Capacity and a Net Zero to Plus 25 Caloric IncreaseAdpated from Fiatarone et al. J Am Ger Soc 41: 333-7, 1993, NEJM, 1994 ; AmJPhysiol. 286:E32, 2004)
CaloricIntake
600
400
200
Average Per Meal Caloric IntakePattern for 50 to 75 yr Consumers
405 479 767 356
1950total calories consumed daily
14gprotein354 cal
Meal Replacers Dont Work @
Stopping Age Accelerators
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10
PercentMuscleB
uildingEffectiveness
100
75
50
25
0
Optimal Muscle Building Range Per Intake
13gprotein
36gprotein
20gprotein
Breakfast Lunch Dinner Exercise
15gprotein
Average Daily Muscle Building EffectBefore Optimal Supplementation
Supplementation with Low Volume Highly Concentrated Protein Blends with HighLeucine/Essential Amino Acids Will Provide a Convenient and 4X More EffectiveMethod of Optimizing Muscle Building Capacity without a Significant Caloric Load
Supplementation with 8g High Leucine/Essential Amino Acids at Meal time will
Improve Muscle Building Capacity by 4X and in a Low Volume Non-SatiatingManner. 100 Calories will be manageable
Improvement inMuscleBuildingCapacity
Active Snacking (Supplement between Meals) with low volume concentratedProtein Blends of High Leucine/Essential Amino Acids is the Most Effect Means ofovercoming Age Accelerators of Inadequate Nutritient & Protein Intake
Plus4X
ProteinPowerand100 cal
Plus4X
ProteinPowerand100 cal
Adapted with Paddon-Jones D and Rasmussen BB. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009;12:86-90; Paddon Jones et al. Am J Physiol 286:E321-E325, 2004; Am J Physiol 288: E761-E767, 2005
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The Objective of Supplementation should include the following considerations,1) Maximize the effect of protein for a net positive gain in muscle buildingcapacity, 2) Increase active nutrients to a therapeutic level for improved healthbenefit , and 3) Do so without increasing age accelerators to the diet.
1. Net Positive Gain for Muscle Building
Use Supplementation at Times that keep muscle building activity as high as possibleand for as long as possible during the course of the day. Active Snack Times inMorning & Afternoon fill the gaps and increase overall muscle building capacity. ThreeOptions for Supplementation Presented Below
BFast Lunch Dinner BFast Lunch Dinner BFast Snack Lunch Snack Dinner
Musc
leBuildingActivity
Optimal Threshold Level of Muscle Building
Net Daily Muscle Building Effect
Standard DietaryPractices, No
Supplementation
Supplementation@ Meal Time,
Increased Protein
Supplementation atSnack Time w High
Leucine/EAA Protein
Optimal MuscleBuilding isAchieved byconsuming 30g ofquality intactprotein per meal
or bySupplementationof 715g of a highleucine/EAAprotein blend.Lower volumesincrease benefit
and complianceAdapted by: Volpi E, Am J Clin Nutr2003;78:250-258; Paddon-Jones D and Rasmussen BB. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009;12:86-90
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Active Nutrients Play a Significant Role in Targeting Specific Health Benefits andare Not Readily Available at Therapeutic Levels in the Typical Diet
2) Increase active Nutrients to therapeutic levels for targeted health benefitsTherapeuticNutrient
RequiredAmount for
TherapeuticBenefit
Percent 50 75 yr olds
not Meetingthe requireddaily levels
AverageDaily Intake
on TypicalDietaryPractices
Percent Gapbetween
therapeuticbenefit andintake level
Omega -3/DHA
450mg/day+ 80%
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Active SnackingActive Snacking provides a convenient and effective manner of nutritional
supplementation for therapeutic benefit,
Between meal supplementation helps to maximize the bodys net muscle
building capacity by using specialized protein sources with high leucine/essentialamino acid protein sources,
Active snacking with nutritional beverages provides a convenient approach tosupplementation while managing caloric intake (less than 100 calories/serving),maximizing delivery of active nutrients and keeping age accelerators such asadditional fat out of the diet
Recognizing the current dietary practices and habits of 50 to 75 yr old
consumers, active snacking provides effective means of improving nutritionaland health profiles needed for active lifestyles
Active snacking avoids the issue of satiation which may not only decrease totalfood consumption but increase the likelihood that further loss of key nutrientsmight take place.
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Summary Highlights on theNeed & Effectiveness of Active Snacking
The nutritional practices and habits of boomer consumers reveal that while caloric intakelevels are adequate, insufficient protein and protein source intake levels contribute to an
accelerated loss of muscle mass during the aging process
Active nutrients that enhance healthy lifestyles also appear to be consumed at lower levelsand as many of these have therapeutic health benefits, lack of availability in the diet maycontribute to the risk of compromised health in aging,
Inadequate and ineffective nutritional availability leads to an accelerated decline in aging and
increased risk of chronic disease states,
Inadequate protein intake couple with the age-resistance of muscle to building muscle requiresnot only higher protein levels to be consumed (>1.2g/kg bw/day) but also a quality sourceprotein that includes a high leucine/essential amino acid protein blend that builds muscle moreeffectively.
This superior protein source results in significantly higher muscle building capacity in aconcentrated/smaller volume. This means that maximal muscle building capacity can beachieved with 715g of this blend vs the 30g required by intact protein sources (casein,whey)to achieve the same effect. Smaller volumes result in greater compliance, less satiation, morecomplete nutrient intake and superior outcomes
Active Snacking between meals with high quality nutritional supplementation results in agreater net benefit in both protein and active nutrient therapeutic benefits
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