why classify organisms? biology a. student goals explain how and why organisms are classified into...
TRANSCRIPT
Why classify organisms?
Biology A
Student Goals Explain HOW and
WHY organisms are classified into Kingdoms through species.
Hierarchical Classification Taxonomic
categories Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Hierarchical Classification Classification System
in Biology goes from biggest category to smallest category.
Each bigger category can hold many smaller ones. i.e., One Kingdom can
hold many phyla, one phyla can hold many classes
What is a Mnemonic Device
A Mnemonic Device is a strategy for remembering things.
Typically this involves using a little phrase where the first letters stand for the things you’re trying to remember in order.
Because a sentence or phrase makes sense, it’s easier to remember new or non-related things.
What is a strategy for remembering the Hierarchical Classification order?
What is a Seven-word phrase to remember this order?Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Mnemonic Device: Examples King Phillip Came
Over For Green Soup
Kings Play Chess On Fine Grained Sand
Kindly Put Candy Out For Good Students
You develop a mnemonic device!
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
Founder: Linnaeus Carolus Linnaeus
invented a binomial system of classification for all living things in the 1750’s
Classification system using 7 taxons or categories.
Linnaeus: original
Classification is in Latin Why do we use Latin
scientific names in biology? Latin used to be the
language of science. Latin is a dead
language; it doesn’t change.
They are useful to avoid confusion.
Scientific names: the Latin name of a plant or animal Common name
Dog Cat Human Red maple Corn
Scientific name Canis familiaris Felis catus Homo sapiens Acer rubrum Zea mays
Binomial nomenclature rules Genus
Noun, Capitalized, Underlined or Italicized
Example: Ursus
Species Descriptive, Lower
Case, Underlined or Italicized
Example: arctos
Ursus arctos
Ursus arctos (Brown Bear)
GENUS: The first part of the name. Families are divided
into groups of closely related organisms.
Organisms in the same genus are related to each other, but they may look very different, and be different species.
Plural of Genus= Genera
Brown bear- Ursus arctos
Sun bear- Helarctos malayanus
Giant panda- Ailuropoda melanoleuca
TH
REE D
IFFER
EN
T
GEN
ER
A
Specific Name = SPECIES NAME The second part of the scientific name. NOT
capitalized. Each genus is subdivided into populations of
organisms that breed (mate together) called species. All members of one species are more closely related
to each other than they are to other members of the same genus.
All members of one species tend to look similar, but they are not genetically identical.
(There is some variation in genes within each species)
Members of a species mate with each other and produce offspring that will look like them.
Those offspring can reproduce the species too.
Taxonomic Classification of Man
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Craniata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens
Homo sapien
Quiz- Question #1
What two parts make up the scientific name?
Answer: Genus and Species
Chicago Botanical Gardens: Bronze sculpture of Carolus Linnaeus created in 1982 by Robert Berks (American b. 1922)
Quiz- Question #2
What are the 7 categories that Linnaeus developed?
(what’s your mnemonic device?)
Answer: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, order, family, genus, species.
Quiz- Question #3
What is one reason why we classify organisms?
Answer: To give order to the organisms, provide a universal way to study organisms, it helps scientists understand organisms better.