why is biodiversity important? - willis'...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Why is Biodiversity Important?
![Page 2: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Species
Richness:
How many
species are in an
area
![Page 3: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Maintain Diversity?
Ecosystem Services!
![Page 4: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Oxygen creation
(phytoplankton)
![Page 5: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
To reduce floods and erosion
(vegetation)
![Page 6: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
To generate fertile soil…
![Page 8: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
To pollinate…
![Page 10: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
To cycle nutrients…
![Page 12: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bleeding Tooth
Fungus
![Page 13: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
To control agricultural pests!
![Page 14: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Why We Need Species?
Economic Goods!
![Page 15: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Why We Need Species?Sources of Food
![Page 16: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Aspirin Codeine
Why We Need Species?Sources of Medicines
![Page 17: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Provide us with recreation
Ecotourism: giving $$ to a country to view their environment.
Why We Need Species?
![Page 18: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
# of Species?
• 1.3 million catalogued
• ≈ 8.7 ± 1.3 mill
–Undiscovered: insects, fungi,
bacteria
![Page 19: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• 1973 -illegal to import or trade products of E.S.
unless used for science (USFWS)
• Species on list cannot be “taken”, threatened,
killed, harmed: habitat can’t be harmed
![Page 20: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Threatened Species
Species has few individuals and is
near becoming endangered.
![Page 21: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Gelada Baboon
![Page 22: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Grizzly Bear
![Page 23: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Northern Spotted Owl
• Threatened-US ESA Habitat loss in Canada and No. US!
• Need old growth forest, top predators, and are specialists.
![Page 24: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Species has fewer individuals; at risk
of becoming extinct.
Endangered Species
![Page 25: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
White Abalone
![Page 26: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Barred Bandicoot
![Page 27: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Case Study: California Condor• Scavenger bird;
eats dead
carcasses.
• 2005 = 273
individs.
• Endangered: low
birth rates, late
sexual maturity,
poaching, lead
poisoning, DDT,
and power lines.
X Ray shows bottle caps and
metal shards
![Page 28: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Intrinsic Characteristics of E. S.
• Extremely localized/require LARGE territory
• Low birth rates
• Island species/extreme specialists
• Low adaptability
• Late sexual maturity
![Page 30: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Species no longer exists on Earth.
1,138 documented today since 1600
Extinct Species
![Page 31: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Tecopa Pupfish, CA
![Page 32: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Yangtze River Dolphin• AKA Bajii
• Last sighting 2004
• Causes: heavy transportation on
river, overfishing,
dams, collision w/ boats, H2O
pollution.
![Page 33: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Case Study: Passenger Pigeon• 200 yrs ago 3-5
billion
–world’s most abundant bird
–1 flock =10 mi wide, 100 mi long)
• Killed for its meat
• Martha died in 1914.
![Page 35: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Types of Extinctions
• Background
extinction: 3-
30 species
die/yr
• Caused by
natural
selection.
• Mass Extinction:
1000’s spcs
die/yr
• Caused by
dramatic env.
change.
• 5-6 so far
• Humans causing
6th ??
![Page 37: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Too many people!
• Weak/no laws
• High consumption rates
Root Causes of Extinction
![Page 39: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Humans Cause Extinction
Habitat Loss/ Habitat Fragmentation
![Page 41: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Humans Cause Extinction
Hunting/Poaching
![Page 42: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Humans Cause Extinction
Overfishing
![Page 46: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Humans Cause Extinction
Capture and Sale of Exotics
2.5 million birds
caught illegally / yr
1 bird in store = 10 deaths in
transit
![Page 47: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Humans Cause Extinction
Global Climate Change
![Page 48: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Introduction of Non-Native Species –species that does not belong in area.
Humans Cause Extinction
Cane Toad Zebra Mussels in Great Lakes
Iceplant at Beach
![Page 49: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Non-Natives/Exotics• Cause problems w/ native
species because:
1. Can usually outcompete
natives
2. Eat same food resources
as natives
3. No natural predators in
new area.
4. Reproduce w/ no limits on
growth.
Amer. Bullfrog in
CA
Crayfish in CA
![Page 50: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
International Laws
• CITES - Convention on the International
Trade of Endangered Species
–Created by IUCN
–Prohibits trade of live specimens or
products of 900 species on list
![Page 51: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
CITES
• Uses appendices
for classification.
• Appendix 1:
endangered.
• Appendix 2:
threatened.
• An org. can be on
both CITES and US
ESA!
Squirrel Monkey: App II
Ring-Tailed Lemur: App I
![Page 52: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
IUCN’s
Red List
• Assess
conservation
status of global
species.
• Use Critically
Endangered,
Endangered, and
Vulnerable.
Common Hippo: Vulnerable
Angel Shark: Crit. Endang.
![Page 53: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
International
Whaling Commission
• Regulates whaling
• Bans on gill-netting, purse seines
• Japan/Finland/Iceland no sign!
![Page 54: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Why is Biodiversity Important? - Willis' Sciencewillisscience.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/... · 2017. 4. 14. · Case Study: California Condor • Scavenger bird; eats dead](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022060901/609e8aead569b400a52f3d80/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Marine Mammal Protection Act
• 1972, All marine mammals are protected • Prohibits "take” of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas