why is it important to eat a protein-rich diet? controversy- (kan ‘tra ver se)- (noun)- an...
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Why is it important to eat a protein-rich diet?
controversy- (kan ‘tra ver se)- (noun)- an argument that involves many people who strongly disagree about something; a dispute
There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the manager’s decision to trade the team’s star pitcher.
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Look around the room….
• Find 3 physical differences between yourself and the people near you
• 1.• 2.• 3.
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What macromolecule is responsible for these differences?
PROTEINSkin and eye color pigment are due to the protein
melanin• Nose shape is due to the protein cartilage; strength
due to protein of muscle• Lactase enzyme is a protein.• Growth hormone is a protein.
• You are unique because of the proteins present in your body!
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What are proteins made of?
• Long chains of…..
AMINO ACIDS
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Where do these amino acids come from?
• The protein-rich food you eat!– Cheese
– Egg white
alanine
trypt valine
isoleucine
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There are 20 different amino acids found in your food.
• Milk is a ‘complete protein’ - it has all the essential amino acids.
• Rice and beans together make a ‘complete protein’.
*You need a complete set of all 20 Amino Acids in your body so your cells can make the required proteins!
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*The code of nucleotides in DNA tells the cell how to make proteins
*Amino Acids are made of 3 Nitrogen Bases (triplet)
A T T C G G C T T A G C A A C
= Amino Acid
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Central Dogma of BIOLOGY!
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Central Dogma=Protein Synthesis• 2 major parts of Protein
Synthesis:1. Transcription: copying the DNA code into mRNA, takes place in nucleus
2. Translation: reading the mRNA code and assembling the protein from the waiting amino acids, takes place in cytoplasm
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Who are the players in protein synthesis?
Gene – Section of DNA that codes for a specific protein. There are LOTS of genes in your DNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) – The complementary copy of nitrogen bases copied from template strand of DNA
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RNA: the “middle man” in protein synthesis
• 3 differences between RNA and DNA:1.) RNA is a single stranded molecule2.) RNA has a ribose sugar 3.) Contains the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine
Used to make mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
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Does this diagram represent DNA or RNA? How can you tell?
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DNA RNA
- Double stranded molecule
- Contains Thymine
- Contains deoxyribose sugar
- Found only in nucleus
- Single stranded molecule
- Contains uracil
- Contains ribose sugar
- Found in nucleus and cytoplasm
- Made of nucleotides
- Contain adenine, guanine and cytosine
Both
Please draw this in your notes!
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Transcription – copying the DNA into mRNA
• 2 DNA strands split exposing active strand
• mRNA nucleotides pair with the complementary DNA nucleotides
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TranscriptionYou can use the same base pair rules that we used for DNA, except that instead of Thymine (T) we have Uracil (U) that binds to A
•A-U•G-C•T-A•C-G
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How is the RNA made?
• RNA is made from DNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase
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What would the mRNA sequence be?
DNA:
5’-ATCGTTG-3’3’-TAGCAAC-5’
When look at the DNA strand you always use the side that is labeled 3’-5’
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What would the mRNA sequence be?
DNA:
5’-ATCGTTG-3’3’-TAGCAAC-5’
mRNA:
5’-AUCGUUG-3’
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What would the mRNA sequence be?
DNA:
5’-CCGTATA-3’3’-GGCATAT-5’
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What would the mRNA sequence be?
DNA:
5’-CCGTATA-3’3’-GGCATAT-5’
mRNA: 5’ -CCGUAUA -3’
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Transcription Exit Ticket
• Since RNA is made from DNA how would you expect the RNA to change in the DNA contains a mutation?