why nutrition? the global momentum for nutrition-sensitive approaches
TRANSCRIPT
Why nutrition? The global
momentum for nutrition-
sensitive approaches
Jessica Bogard
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Value Chains and Nutrition
Overview
• Definition and types of malnutrition
• The size of the problem
• Who is affected
• What are the causes
• What are the consequences
• The gathering global momentum behind nutrition
The different types of malnutrition
Slide adapted, courtesy of Anna Herforth, 2015
The double burden
The triple burden
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies,
excesses or imbalances in a
person’s intake of energy and/or
nutrients
The nutrition problem in 2017
Global Nutrition Report, 2017
The nutrition problem in 2017
The number of undernourished people has been rising
Who is affected?
Prevalence of stunting in children < 5 years over the last 10 years
Who is affected?
Prevalence of overweight in children < 5 years over the last 10 years
Care and feeding
practices
Nutrient intake Health status
Food security and
quality
Health resources
and WASH
Malnutrition
Institutions
Political and ideological framework
Economic structure
Resources, environment, technology, people
Imm
ed
iate
de
term
ina
nts
Un
de
rlyin
g
de
term
ina
nts
Ba
sic
de
term
inan
ts
(UNICEF, 1990)
The causes of malnutrition
Care and feeding
practices
Nutrient intake Health status
Food security and
quality
Health resources
and WASH
Malnutrition
Institutions
Political and ideological framework
Economic structure
Resources, environment, technology, people
Imm
ed
iate
de
term
ina
nts
Un
de
rlyin
g
de
term
ina
nts
Ba
sic
de
term
inan
ts
(UNICEF, 1990)
The causes of malnutrition
Care and feeding
practices
Nutrient intake Health status
Food security and
quality
Health resources
and WASH
Malnutrition
Institutions
Political and ideological framework
Economic structure
Resources, environment, technology, people
Imm
ed
iate
de
term
ina
nts
Un
de
rlyin
g
de
term
ina
nts
Ba
sic
de
term
inan
ts
(UNICEF, 1990)
The causes of malnutrition
The consequences of malnutrition
Long term
• Mortality
• 45% of all child deaths
are caused by
malnutrition (>3 million
deaths each year)
• Morbidity
• Disability
• Brain development (cognition)
• Education
• Income earning potential
• Economic productivity
(undernutrition costs equivalent
of 8-11% of GDP in Africa and
Asia)
• ↑ risk of obesity, heart disease,
stroke and diabetes
• Costs global economy $3 trillion
in lost productivity and health
care costs
Short term
Intergenerational cycle of malnutrition
Care and feeding
practices
Nutrient intake Health status
Food security and
quality
Health resources
and WASH
Malnutrition
Institutions
Political and ideological framework
Economic structure
Resources, environment, technology, people
Imm
ed
iate
de
term
ina
nts
Un
de
rlyin
g
de
term
ina
nts
Ba
sic
de
term
inan
ts
(UNICEF, 1990 ; Bhutta et al., 2013)
What can be done?
Nutrition-
specific
interventions
Nutrition-
sensitive
interventions
Scaling of top 10 most evidence based interventions to reach 90% of population in 34 countries which have 90% of the worlds stunted children only 15% reduction in child mortality
What can be done
Framework for Action
US$4 billion - nutrition specific interventions
US$19 billion - nutrition sensitive interventions
2013 2014 2016
Gathering global momentum for nutrition-sensitive approaches
Healthy diets (and good nutrition) can drive greater environmental sustainability
Livestock uses 70% of all agricultural land
Good nutrition provides ‘grey matter infrastructure’ for economic development
Nutrition gives a 16:1 $ return on investment
Good nutrition means less pressure on struggling health systems
Good nutrition supports equity and inclusionAs a platform for improved education, women’s empowerment and poverty reduction
Good nutrition supports peace and securityInvestment in food and nutrition security promotes
stability and less unrest
Sustainable food production is essential for healthy dietsIncreasing agricultural diversity and production of nutrient-rich foods is essential
Strong infrastructure is essential for a functioning value chain, water & sanitation30% of food is wasted often linked to poor infrastructure
Health systems are essential in promoting IYCF, supplementation, treatment of malnutritionBut are underperforming and overburdened
Equity and inclusion matterFrom 1970-1995 more than half of global reductions in child stunting was attributable to improvements in women’s empowerment
Peace and stability are vital for ending malnutritionThe proportion of undernourished in conflict zones is 3X
higher than other developing countries
2, 13, 14, 15
6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12
3
1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10
16
NUTRITIONESSENTIAL
INPUT
AND
OUTCOME
(Adapted from Global
Nutrition Report, 2017)
Conclusion
• Causes of malnutrition are multi-
factorial and operate at different
levels
• Traditional approaches (nutrition-
specific) alone will not be sufficient
to achieve global targets
• Now we have a unique opportunity
to act
• This workshop was designed to
give us the tools to take
advantage!
Thank You