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Why Open Standards Matter to the Smart Grid:
A WiMAX Forum Perspective
Doug Gray, WiMAX ForumSmart Energy International
Oct 21, 2011
Open Standards do Matter!
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Open End-to-End
Standard
Multiple Suppliers
Economies of Scale
Lower Costs
Interoperability
Inter-network Interworking
Multiple Choices
Optimal Solutions
Better Business Case
Results in… SG Benefits…
Seven Smart Grid Domains
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Eight Priority SG Use CasesFERC Identified Priorities1. Demand Response & Consumer Energy Efficiency)2. Wide Area Situational Awareness3. Electrical Storage4. Electric TransportationAdditional Priority Use Cases5. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)6. Distribution Grid ManagementCross Cutting Use Cases7. Cyber-Security8. Data Networking (Network & Systems Management)• > 12 Additional Use Cases defined by OpenSG-Net WG
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SG Use Cases Define Communication Paths Across Multiple Domains
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Source: NIST
• Many Use Cases link all seven domains• Significant network challenges
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Total of 7,878 Data flows, 20+ Use cases, Interconnecting 7 Domains Source: OpenSG-Net SRS
Wireless Network Challenges
• Indoor-to-Indoor– Indoor meters banks
–HANs
• Indoor-to-Outdoor & Outdoor-to-Indoor– Indoor & basement-located meters
• Outdoor-to-Outdoor–Transmission, Distribution, Backhaul–Varied demographics for AMI
• Low density rural to high density urban
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Rural Area Challenge• ~20% of US population live on 80% of land area• 4.3% of US population live on 72% of land area
– Very low household density• Widely distributed HH clusters to…• Widely spaced housing units
– Hills, valleys, mountains, trees or..
– Flat open space• Require 100% coverage
– Capacity not an issue– Lower frequency bands
preferred
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Urban Area Challenge
• ~6.4% of population live on 0.03% of land area – >4,000 HH per sq-mi + enterprise– High rise buildings– Crowded spectrum– Basement-located meter
clusters to HAN
• Capacity & coverage– Small cell sizes – Access to more spectrum
preferred
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Spectrum Challenge
• No specific FCC allocation for Smart Grid in US
• From 700 MHz to > 5000 MHz–Licensed and unlicensed–May share with other applications
– Interference can be an issue
• Multi-band capability may be required for some Use Cases
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Meeting Data Communication Requirements• Cyber-Security
– Confidentiality-Integrity-Availability
• Reliability• Link Performance
– Capacity– Latency– Cell-edge performance– Margins for:
• Penetration loss, shadow fading, interference
– Symbol Error Rate
• Inter-Utility Connections• Inter-Network Connections
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Multiple access technologies will often be required• Wireline
– BPL, xDSL, etc
• Wireless– Existing systems: (PtP) TDM-based– Unlicensed: 802.11 (WiFi), Bluetooth, etc.– Private: WiMAX/LTE, etc.– Public: GSM, EDGE, HSPA+, etc.– Satellite –rural, landline backup, etc.
• Key: Internetwork-interworking, interference management (coexistence)
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Developing an End-to-EndWiMAX Standard
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WF-SGWGEnd-to-end WiMAX Requirements for SG Applications
WF-Technical WGWF-Network WG
WiMAX System
Profiles for SG Networks
• Spectrum• Features• Interworking
PHY/MAC+802.16n,p
• EPRI• UTC• Utilities• Etc
OpenSG Comm-Net
WG
PAP02 Wireless
Guidelines for Smart
Grid
FERC & EISA-2007
NIST
FERC = Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionEISA = Energy Independence & Security Act
Conclusion: WiMAX Open Standard
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Multiple Choices
Optimal Solutions
Better Business Case
SG Benefits…
• Focus on 802.16 attributes & features important for Smart Grid
• Profiles in applicable frequency bands
• IP Architecture
• Meet SG performance requirements:
• UL & DL Channel Capacity, Latency, Security,
Reliability, Internetwork interworking
End-to-End System Profiles for SG Networks