Why optical networks ?

SUBMITTED BY:GAGANDEEP SINGH RANDHAWAM.TECH 2nd Sem.2014ECB1006

What is Optical network ?

Fiber Cabling is used to broadcast communication signals between two points using light.

The fiber which are used for optical communication are wave guides made of transparent dielectrics.

It is made from glass or plastic that transports light throughout the fiber.

Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over long distances.

Construction of a Fiber Strand

1) Core

2) Cladding

3) Buffer

4) Jacket

Why optical networks ?

Handle increase in IP traffic Moore’s law doesn’t apply here 1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4Tbps

Reduce cost of transmitting a bit Cost/bit down by 99% in last 5 years

Enable new applications and services by pushing optics towards the edges

Fiber capabilities/WDM

Cable

Fibers (100+)

Wavebands

Wavelengths(Multi Tbps)

(Timeslots)(OC12,48,192) • Wavelengths can

be time-division multiplexed into a series of aggregated connections

• Sets of wavelengths can be spaced into wavebands

• Switching can be done by wavebands or wavelengths

• 1 Cable can do multi terabits/sec

Merits of optical networks :- Low Power Loss :- An optical fiber offers low power loss which allows for longer transmission distances. Interference :- Fiber optic cables are immune to

electromagnetic interference. It can also be run in electrically noisy environments without concern as electrical noise will not affect fiber .

Weight:- Fiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires. They also occupy less space with cables of the same information capacity.

Contd.

Security:- Fiber optics the most secure medium available for carrying sensitive data.

Safety:-Since the fiber is a dielectric, it does not present a spark hazards. Cost:- The raw materials for glass are plentiful means glass can be made more cheaply . Less expensive:- Several miles of optical cable can be made cheaper than equivalent lengths of copper wire.

Contd.

Thinner:- Optical fibers can be drawn to smaller diameters than copper wire.

Less signal degradation:- The loss of signal in optical fiber is less than in copper wire.

Digital signals :- Optical fibers are ideally suited for carrying digital information, which is especially useful in computer networks.

Non-flammable:- Because no electricity is passed through optical fibers, there is no fire hazard.

Contd.

Medical imaging:- It is used in bronchoscopes, endoscopes, laparoscopes .

Plumbing:- It is used to inspect sewer lines. Electrical Insulator:- Optical fibers are made and

drawn from silica glass which is nonconductor of electricity and so there are no ground loops and leakage of any type of current.

Early detection of cable damage:- By constantly monitoring an optical network and by carefully measuring the time it takes light to reflect down the fiber, splices in the cable can be easily detected.

Demerits of Optical networks Highly skilled staff would be required for

maintenance Only point to point working is possible on optical

fiber Precise and costly instruments would be required Costly if under utilized. Accept unipolar codes only. Jointing of fiber and splicing is also time

consuming.

Applications of Optical networks

In telecommunication field In space applications Broadband applications Computer applications industrial applications Mining applications In medical applications In military applications etc.

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