why schools
TRANSCRIPT
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Why Schools?
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Pre industrial Societies--
• No concept of childhood• 13 yrs is adult• Low productivity low life expectancy..• No school• By mentoring was knowledge passed.
Current definition----grouping students together in a centralized location for learning..Wikipedia
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Gurukula system- Guru stayed with students. Before the British came was the norm…teaching happened in temples, mosques, villages—most subjects were taught…arithmetic, language,religion….
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Greek Academy
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• Then came religions-organized kinds-going by a book.
• Wanting to expand need followers• Need trainers….
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Madrasa-i al-NizamiyyaKhargird, Iran ( Arch Net) Islam was another culture that developed a school system in the modern sense of the word. Emphasis was put on knowledge, which required a systematic way of teaching and spreading knowledge, and purpose-built structures…..(Wikepedia)
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Loyola School, Chennai, India — run by the Catholic Diocese of Madras. Christian missionaries played a pivotal role in establishing modern schools in India. Wikipedia
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• Industrialization made people come to cities—They were employed in production-repetitive work…
• Poverty & increase in population went hand in hand—
• Exploitation --- children as young as 4 yrs. were employed--
India has the highest number of child labourers working in very excruciating circumstances –one being the brick kilns almost as slaves.
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Humanism and urbanization and Great Depression changed he laws with respect to employment of children in factories----So spaces for children----Spaces for learning and play built with specific purpose.. “Factoriescreated to produce things led to factories to producelearning” (Tanner & Lackney, 2005; Weisser, 2006)
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http://www.ncef.org/pubs/greenschoolshistory.pdf
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Wiley Elementary School -1899-1924-did not have a playground. The road was policed during breaks and traffic stopped to allow pupil to play.
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Waldschule, Charlottenburg, Germany. Classroom and dining sheds. Photograph obtained from 'Designing Modern Childhoods', p.110.
The first open school in Germany…
A disease changed the form of closed classrooms to open air classrooms-Cure for Tuberculosis-- required children to be in open spaces –fresh air….
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Uffculme Open-Air School, Birmingham, Great Britain, classroom. Photograph obtained from 'Designing Modern Childhoods', p.114.
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The Suresnes Open-Air School (1931-1935)
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The Suresnes Open-Air School (1931-1935)
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The Suresnes Open-Air School (1931-1935)
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Finger plan school----Crow Island School, Perkins & Will Architects, courtesy of Tanner and Lackney, 1940---------
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Building schools-building learning culture…
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Then came different ways
• Of looking at education---• Open schools• Waldorf Schools• Montessory• Emilio Reggio
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Waldorf schools
• Rudolf Steiner, the founder of Anthroposophy. Its pedagogy emphasizes the role of imagination in learning, striving to integrate holistically the intellectual, practical, and artistic development of pupils.
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Reggio Emelia
• A town in Italy where the system was developed.
• Community is the teacher of the child• Curriculum developed as to what the
community needs• School like a small town.
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