why to architecture information
DESCRIPTION
A Talk given in National Conference on Business & technology Conference at Indore, INDIATRANSCRIPT
Information Architecture:
An emerging 21st century profession
By :
Dr. A.K. Ramani
Head SCSIT,DAVV,Indore(M.P.)
Preface
In every enterprise ,a sound architecture is the key to success. As we know that a fragile architecture converts everything into chaos. So, by considering the stability of an enterprise, we should concentrate on its architecture. TOGAF is a framework that enable us to design, evaluate and build the right architecture for an enterprise. ADM is the core part of TOGAF .ADM is iterative and consists of many phases.
Review of PresentationBusiness and IT evolution
Information Architecture
IA vs Design
Need of IA
Website Architecture
Enterprise Architecture and its benefits
Architecture team
Types of IA
Introduction to TOGAF
Related subjects
Wrap Up
System is complex
Different perceptions
Yesterday’s Scenario
Today’s Scenario
Business Evolution
Old System
• De-centralized
• Federation
• Retailer Push
• Large inventories
• Manual processes
• Buying/Selling
• Mass consumers
New System
• Group
• Cohesion
• Customer pull
• Just in time
• Automatic processes
• Category management
• Individual customers
IT Evolution
Old System
• Mainframes• Novell• DOS• Own development• SNA, IPX, Paper• Unmanaged• Unresponsive• Cost
New System
• Unix• Windows NT• Windows 95• Application Packages• TCP/IP• Managed• Enabling change• Benefit
Vertical Business Processes
Value Chains
Technology/Business cycle times
A rapidly changing technology and business landscape demands innovation and agility.
“Never innovate out of fear, but never fear to innovate”.
Innovation lifecycle
How to evolve new system from
old system??
Solution is…..
Architecture
1. Architecture -- (an architectural product or work)
2. Architecture -- (the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings; ``architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use''
3.Architecture -- (the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their esthetic effect)
4. Structure, Architecture -- (the manner of construction of something and the disposition of its parts; ``artists must study the structure of the human body"; "the architecture of a computer's system software'' )
Architecture
+
Information
=
Information Architecture
IA vs Design
• Two sides of the same coin?
• Each part of the other?• IA = one kind of design?• Design = one kind of IA?
Is IA omnipresent??
Yes, it is..
Spot the IA
Information Architecture
Waldo
Where’s the information architecture in this picture?
An enigma history of information architecture
• Information architecture is as old as human communication.
• Where there’s information, there’s architecture.
The most interesting architectures spring from problems of diversity:
o Diversity of informationo Diversity of audienceo Diversity of modes of accesso Diversity of use
But don’t overlook simple problems that have simple solutions
Need of Information Architecture
• To support the business by providing the fundamental technology and process structure for an IT strategy.
• To provide a strategic context for the evolution of the IT system in response to the constantly changing needs of the business environment.
• To achieve the right balance between IT efficiency and business innovation.
Website Information Architecture
• Information architecture is currently emerging as a discipline that concerns itself with the development of systematic approaches to the organization and presentation of online information.
• It is the combination of organization, labeling, search and navigation systems in websites, intranets, online communities and software
User Driven Design
Enterprise Architecture(EA)
Business StrategyIT Strategy
Enterprise Architecture
It is a “glue” that allows both Business and IT strategy enable and drive each other.
Enterprise Architecture
The Technical Architecture Inputs
Business benefits of EA
• Agility of enterprise
• Product time to market
• Flexible sourcing of value chain components
• Improved and consistent information exchange
• Risk reduction
Financial benefits of EA
• Reuse
• Time savings
• Lower support cost
• Lower acquisition cost
• Technical adaptability
The Architecture Team
Information Architects do:• Research & understand user
requirements
• Find the patterns inherent in data, making the complex clear
• An information architect uses tools and methods to
– Plan
– Analyze
– Design
– Construct
– Verify
– Maintain
• Apply Experience
• Manage the IA Process
Types of IA
• Top Down
• Bottom Up
“Top-down” IA
It involves developing a broad understanding
of the business strategies and user needs, before defining the high level structure of site, and finally the detailed relationships between content.
“Bottom-up” IA
It involves understanding the detailed relationships between content, creating walkthroughs (or storyboards) to show how the system could support specific user requirements and then considering the higher level structure that will be required to support these requirements.
Not mutually exclusive—every project includes both.
What does an architectureprocess give us?
A better understanding of the problems involved in creating an infrastructure for the public sector
– Common services
– Quality of service
– Vendor co-operation
– Centralisation of services vs flexibility in
choice of services
Approach to Information Architecture
Architecture design is a technically complex process, and the design of heterogeneous, multi-vendor architectures is particularly complex. So, there is a need to simplify such complexity.
But how???
TOGAF will help
What is TOGAF?
• TOGAF is an architecture framework - The Open Group Architecture Framework.
• It enables you to design, evaluate, and build the right architecture for your organization.
Real life definition of TOGAF
What TOGAF is What TOGAF is not
Generic Perspective about how to customize the framework.
Process driven Perspective, Artefact driven
“One size fits all organizations”. Specific to company size or to an industry
Flexible Ontology Driven
Set of conceptual tools Tool
Providing generic deliverables Prescribing a specific set of deliverables.
TOGAF:Developing an architecture
TOGAF: Information Architecture Process
TOGAF consists of three main parts:
• The TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM),
• The Enterprise Continuumo The TOGAF Foundation Architecture
The TOGAF Standards Information Base (SIB), The TOGAF Technical Reference Model (TRM)
o The Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model
• The TOGAF Resource Base
TOGAF Framework concepts
The TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM)
Figure : Architecture Development Cycle
Figure : Architecture Development Cycle - Expansion
The architecture development process needs to be linked into the organization
Information architecture’s impact on the business
1. Customers consistently request:
• Better retrievability
• Solution-oriented information
• A seamless information experience across products
2. Good information architecture can fulfill those requests and:
• Reduce total cost of ownership
• Reduce customer support calls
• Reduce number of non-defect customer support issues (NDOPs)
• Increase customer satisfaction
3. All information developers can work toward these goals in their information deliverables and contribute to the overall information architecture.
Use of Architecture Framework provides:
• speed
• simplify architecture development,
• ensure more complete coverage of the designed solution, and
• make certain that the architecture selected allows for future growth in response to the needs of the business.
Worth reading
Related Subjects
• Usability / User experience/Interaction design• Information design• Graphic design• Information technology / System Design
Questions
Wrap Up
Contact information:
Dr. A.K Ramani
Head SCSIT,DAVV(Indore)
email: [email protected]
Thank you and Good Luck….