Unless otherwise indicated, this presentation is licensed CC-BY 4.0

The Why, What and Howof Open Education

Mary Lou ForwardOpen Education Consortium

October 3, 2014

Unless otherwise indicated, this presentation is licensed CC-BY 4.0

Why: philosophical & practical underpinnings

What: definitions & examples

How: national and international case studies

Discussion

Education Is Sharing

the common sense argument

Teachers Share With Students

knowledge and skillsfeedback and criticism

encouragement

Students Share With Teachers

questionsassignments

tests

If There Is No Sharing

there is no education

Successful Educators

share most completelywith the most students

Knowledge is Magical

can be given without being given away

Physical Expressions Are Not

to give a book you must give it away

When Expressions Are Digital

they also become magical

Image © www.annarbor.com

Open Stax Biology Textbook, online, PDF, epub or print on demand

Both Knowledge and Expressions

can be given without being given away

Unprecedented Capacity

we can share as never before

Unprecedented Capacity

we can educate as never before

What Does “Share” Mean?

online it means copy and distribute

Cost of “Copy”

For one 250 page book:

• Copy by hand - $1,000

• Copy by print on demand - $4.90

• Copy by computer - $0.00084

Cost of “Distribute”

For one 250 page book:

• Distribute by mail - $5.20

• Distribute by Internet - $0.00072

Digital Copy and Distribute are essentially “Free”

this changes everything

Educational Sharing

also means adapting or editing

Sense-making, Meaning-making

connecting to prior knowledgerelating to past experience

(in an appropriate language for learners)

Digital Makes Editing “Free”

editing a printed book or magazine is difficult and expensive

editing a digital item is not

“Free” Copy, Distribute, Edit

we can share as never before

“Free” Copy, Distribute, Edit

we can educate as never before

Slides 6-11, 14-25 & 56 taken or modified from TJ Bliss, John Hilton & David Wiley http://www.slideshare.net/tjbliss/introduction-to-oer-workshop CC-BY 3.0

Today’s reality

the economic argument

Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368

$1,207Average student budget for books and supplies 2013-2014 academic

year

Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets-2013-14

Macroeconomics (5th Edition) by Stephen D. Williamson

Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com

Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-williamson/dp/9780132992787

Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/

Time’s up

2 in 3Students say they didn’t buy the textbook because the cost is too

high

Source http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/fixing-broken-textbook-market

1 in 2Students say they have taken

fewer courses due to the cost of textbooks

Source http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf

Students can’t learn from materials

they can’t afford

Producer

Consumer

Normal Market

Textbook Market

Textbook Market

Broken

Slides 27-41 taken or modified from Nicole Allen http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/keynote-nercomp

Selects what to publish, when to update, what to include or exclude

Doesn’t have the option to customize materials to their teaching

No choice, required purchase, limited feedback

Pedagogy & the Textbook Market

Selects what to publish, when to update, what to include or exclude

Doesn’t have the option to customize materials to their teaching

No choice, required purchase, limited feedback

Broken

Pedagogy & the Textbook Market

Demand & Access

Last leg of the philosophical and practical stool

Percentage of population seeking higher ed around the world is increasing

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 20090

10

20

30

40

50

60

18.120.0

22.524.0

25.9 27.1

EAP ECA LAC MNA SAS SSA WLD

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, July 2011Note: SAS 2009 is 2008 data.

Gro

ss E

nrol

men

t Ra

te. T

erti

ary

(ISCE

D 5

& 6

). To

tal (

%)

World Bank, The State of Education, 2011

Percentage of population <15

http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html

Q. How many UMass sized universities can we build in the next 5-10 years?

“Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.

1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures2 British Council and IDP Australia projectionsSlide from http://www.slideshare.net/cgreen/open-education-the-business-andpolicy-case-for-oer

By: COL http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/JohnDaniel_2008_3x5.jpg

http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html

Q. How many UMass sized universities can we build in the next 5-10 years?

http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html

Q. How many UMass sized universities can we build in the next 5-10 years?

A. Not enough

The time is right for new approaches

What is Open Education?

Open Education encompasses resources, tools and practices that employ a framework of open sharing to improve educational access and effectiveness worldwide.

Open Education combines the traditions of knowledge sharing and creation with 21st century technology to create a vast pool of openly shared educational resources while harnessing today’s collaborative spirit to develop educational approaches that are more responsive to learner’s needs.

Open Education Allows Higher Education

to reconsider approaches to teaching

and learning

Open Education

Terms

• Open Educational Resources• OpenCourseWare• Open Educational Practice• Open Textbooks

= Free and Open

OER are teaching, learning, and research materials that permit their free use and re-purposing by others

Free no cost

OpenNo cost + permission to modify

By Adam Bartlett http://www.flickr.com/photos/atbartlett/2432704579/

By Sean MacEntee http://www.flickr.com/photos/smemon/4518528819/

InternetEnables

OERAllows

sharing and educating at unprecedented scale

What does OER look like?

http://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/

http://ocw.metu.edu.tr/

http://phet.colorado.edu/

http://sccmath.wordpress.com/mat12x-fall-2014/

How is OER being used?

http://www.flickr.com/photos/usaid_images/6462458071/

CC-BY-NC-SA by USAID images

Goal: Save students $5 Million in 5 Years

Promoting OER with Students

Promoting OER with Students

By Opensourceway http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4812651268

Thank you!