SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

WIDEAREA BLACKOUT(AN ELECTRICAL DISASTER)

BY:Madhusmita Mohanty Electrical Engineering 7TH Semester Regd No-0901109005

Contents

1) Introduction

2) What is blackout?

3) July2012 India blackout

4) Why Blackout?

5) Preventing blackout

6) Synchrophasor Monitoring

7) Fact Devices

8) Distributed generation

9) Why it is a disaster?

10)Conclusion

(1)Introduction

Security of a power system is affected by three factors:

• Characteristics of the physical system:– the integrated generation, transmission and

distribution system– protection and control systems

• Business structures of owning and operating entities

• The regulatory framework

(2)What is a blackout?

• A blackout refers to the total loss of power to an area and is the most severe form of power outage that can occur in a power system.

• Blackouts which results in power stations tripping are particularly difficult to recover quickly.

• Outages may last from a few minutes to a few weeks depending on

the nature of the blackout and

the configuration of the electrical network

(3)July 2012 India blackout

Largest power outage in history

Occurred as two separate events on 30 and 31 July 2012

Affected over 620 million people, half of India's population

Spread across 22 states in Northern, Eastern, and Northeast India.

(4)Reasons behind July Blackout

• Weak inter-regional power transmission corridors due to multiple existing outages

• High Loading on 400 kV Bina-Gwalior-Agra link.

• Inadequate response by SLDCs to the instructions of (RLDCs) to reduce overdraw by the Northern Region utilities and underdrawal/excess generation by the Western Region utilities.

• Loss of 400 kV Bina-Gwalior link due to mis-operation of its protection system.

Angular Separation between NR and Grid

(5)Preventing blackouts

Long Term plans: Adequate

transmission access to load centers

Sufficient generation Dynamic simulation Distributed

generation

Short Term plans: Implementation of

special protection

schemes Proper use of FACT

devices

(6)Synchrophasor Monitoring

• Most monitoring of the grid is based on non-simultaneous average values .

• Monitoring of line voltage phase angles (phasors) can fill that gap, providing the instantaneous measurement of electrical magnitudes and angles.

Use of phasor measurements

Dynamic Security Assessment (DSA)

(7)FACT devices

(8)Distributed Generations

• Use wind turbines, Solar arrays, Geothermal, Stream turbine from a small local stream, Wave, Tidal energy

• Offer significant economic, environmental and security benefits

• Small, modular, located near load site

Preventing blackouts summary

• Good design and operating practices could minimize the occurrence and impact of widespread outages– Reliability criteria– Robust stability controls– Coordinated emergency

controls– Real-time system

monitoring and control• Need for a single entity with

overall responsibility for security of entire interconnected system

Why blackout is a disaster??

• Electric power: Essential resource of national security

• It affects : finance,transportation,food and water supply, health and welfare, communications, research, heating, cooling, lighting, computer and electronics, industries, commercial enterprise and many more…

• Impact on grid and public life is countless…

(10)Conclusion

Will there be a blackout in future???

• Engineers tend to learn from the past

• ... but systems are usually prepared to the last (rather than future) war

• Improvements in communications and coordination in SLDC,RLDC and generating stations

• ... but new challenges are looking ahead

REFERENCES:

I. http://www.powermin.nic.in August 2012

II. http://wikipedia.org/India_blackouts

III. ieee.org