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Page 1: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action

Motivating the Policy Lens

Page 2: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action

Motivating the Policy Lens

Ivan Beschastnikh

Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Washington

Joint with:

Travis Kriplean

Information SchoolUniversity of Washington

David W. McDonald

Page 3: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering
Page 4: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

from XKCD

Page 5: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering
Page 6: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Motivate the use of socially interesting datasets

Page 7: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

A quantitative account of policy citation practice

Motivate the use of socially interesting datasets

Page 8: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering
Page 9: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Consensus-based Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Page 10: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Page 11: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Page 12: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Page 13: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

qualitative themes

Page 14: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversion

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

qualitative themes

Page 15: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article content

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

qualitative themes

Page 16: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversy

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

qualitative themes

Page 17: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversyUser contributions

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

Kittur et al. AltCHI ‘07

Almeida et al. ICWSM ‘07

Ortega et al. WikiSym ‘07

qualitative themes

Page 18: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversyUser contributions

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

Kittur et al. AltCHI ‘07

Almeida et al. ICWSM ‘07

Ortega et al. WikiSym ‘07

qualitative themes

quantitative themes

Page 19: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

qualitative themes

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversyUser contributions

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

Kittur et al. AltCHI ‘07

Almeida et al. ICWSM ‘07

Ortega et al. WikiSym ‘07quantitative

themes

Page 20: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversyUser contributions

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

Kittur et al. AltCHI ‘07

Almeida et al. ICWSM ‘07

Ortega et al. WikiSym ‘07quantitative

themes

Challenges: -temporal analysis-generalizability

Affordances:-nuanced data-identify social structures

Qualitative methods-interviews-ethnography-case studies-grounded analysis

Page 21: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Challenges: -temporal analysis-generalizability

Affordances:-tracking micro-actions-global level analysis

Affordances:-nuanced data-identify social structures

Challenges:-grounded interpretation

Qualitative methods-interviews-ethnography-case studies-grounded analysis

Quantitative methods-data mining-social network analysis-predictive models

Page 22: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Challenges: -temporal analysis-generalizability

Affordances:-tracking micro-actions-global level analysis

Affordances:-nuanced data-identify social structures

Challenges:-grounded interpretation

Qualitative methods-interviews-ethnography-case studies-grounded analysis

Quantitative methods-data mining-social network analysis-predictive models

Actions of individuals & formation of institutions

Page 23: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Quantitative studies have been...-focused article editing practices-overly constrained by the format of the database dump

Page 24: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Quantitative studies have been...-focused article editing practices-overly constrained by the format of the database dump

Page 25: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Quantitative studies have been...-focused article editing practices-overly constrained by the format of the database dump

timestampwho

comment

Page 26: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Quantitative studies have been...-focused article editing practices-overly constrained by the format of the database dump

Thanks Ed!!!

Page 27: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Quantitative studies have been...-focused article editing practices-overly constrained by the format of the database dump

...but to understand social structure, must:-focus on conditions of production-content-driven, rather than edit-driven-engage with qualitative findings

Page 28: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering
Page 29: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversyUser contributions

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

Kittur et al. AltCHI ‘07

Almeida et al. ICWSM ‘07

Ortega et al. WikiSym ‘07

Beschastnikh et al. ICWSM ‘08

Page 30: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversyUser contributions

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

Kittur et al. AltCHI ‘07

Almeida et al. ICWSM ‘07

Ortega et al. WikiSym ‘07

Beschastnikh et al. ICWSM ‘08

Policy citations

Page 31: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversyUser contributions

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

Kittur et al. AltCHI ‘07

Almeida et al. ICWSM ‘07

Ortega et al. WikiSym ‘07

Beschastnikh et al. ICWSM ‘08

Policy citations

Page 32: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Introspective

Consensus-basedDivision of work

Governance

Vandalism reversionNon-article contentAuthor activity predicts quality, controversyUser contributions

Viegas et al. CHI ‘04

Forte et al. GROUP ‘05

Cosley et al. IUI ‘06

Viegas et al. HICSS ‘07Kriplean et al. GROUP ‘07

Viegas et al. INTERACT ‘07

Forte et al. HICSS ‘08

Viegas et al. HCII ’07

Buriol et al. ‘06

Wilkinson et al. WikiSym ‘07

Kittur et al. CHI ‘07

Priedhorsky GROUP ‘07

Kittur et al. AltCHI ‘07

Almeida et al. ICWSM ‘07

Ortega et al. WikiSym ‘07

Policy citations

Beschastnikh et al. ICWSM ‘08

Page 33: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Coordinated action

Governance

Introspection

Power and authority

Qualitycontrol

Disputeresolution

Page 34: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Outline

✓Study motivation

• Wikipedia anatomy- namespaces: main, talk, policy

- policy & governance

• Policy citation investigations

• Discussion

Page 35: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Outline

✓Study motivation

• Wikipedia anatomy- namespaces: main, talk, policy

- policy & governance

• Policy citation investigations

• Discussion

Page 36: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: article pages

Page 37: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: article pages

Page 38: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: article pagesTalk page

Page 39: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pages

Page 40: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pages

Page 41: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pages

conversationthreads

Page 42: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pages

Page 43: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pages

Page 44: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pageshyper-linked policy citations

Page 45: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pages

Structure negotiation of article content [1,2]

- provide a common language and strategies of action

- policies require interpretation

- often enacted in power plays- similar to FAQ citations in Usenet [3]

hyper-linked policy citations

[1] Viegas et al. HICSS ’07[2] Kriplean et al. GROUP ’07[3] Kollock & Smith ‘96

Page 46: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pages

Kriplean, Beschastnikh, McDonald, Golder. Community, Consensus, Coercion, Control: CS*W or How Policy Mediates Mass Participation.GROUP '07.

Page 47: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: talk pages

Page 48: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: policy environment

Page 49: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: policy environment

Summary

Status

Page 50: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: policy environment

Material challenged or likely to be challenged, and all quotations, must be attributed to a

reliable, published source.

Page 51: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: policy environment

Policy pages elaborate on strategies for applying the policy and possible exceptions

Page 52: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: policy environment

Policy is collectively authored [1,2]

- not imposed top-down

- consensus-driven

- reflective of practice

- repository of experiential knowledge

[1] Forte et al. HICSS ’08[2] Kriplean et al. GROUP ’07[3] Viegas et al. HCII ‘07

Page 53: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: policy environment

Policy environment bounds legitimate activity

- content, behavioral, enforcement, deletion, legal

- ~40 official policies

- hundreds of less strict guidelines

- informal essays

[1] Forte et al. HICSS ’08[2] Kriplean et al. GROUP ’07[3] Viegas et al. HCII ‘07

Page 54: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Anatomy: policy environment

Embedded in a governance structure [1, 3]

- formal processes, judicial bodies, etc.

- violators of policy may be subject to sanction

[1] Forte et al. HICSS ’08[2] Kriplean et al. GROUP ’07[3] Viegas et al. HCII ‘07

Page 55: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Self-governance in action

Page 56: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Policy citations are a micro-macro link between everyday actions and the governance structure

Self-governance in action

CollaborativeEditingActivity

PolicyEnvironment

Enactment, Enforcement

Creation, Deletion, Modification

Page 57: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Outline

✓Study motivation

✓Wikipedia anatomy

• Policy citation investigations- tracking community concerns

- changes in community attention

• Discussion

Page 58: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

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2003 2004 2005 2006

Fra

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itations

Year

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50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Page 59: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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Year

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50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Notes - november 2006 dataset- first policy citation in Jan. 2002- cumulative relative proportion- ordered vertically by total citations- aggregate last 150 policies/guidelines

Page 60: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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1

2003 2004 2005 2006

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itations

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Page 61: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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Year

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Verifiability

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No Original Research policyarticulated on mailing list (9/03)

Page 62: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

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Year

Top

50

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Research

No Original Research policyarticulated on mailing list (9/03)

Page 63: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

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2003 2004 2005 2006

Fra

ction o

f cum

ula

tive p

olic

y c

itations

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

No Original Research policyarticulated on mailing list (9/03)

Governance connection #1:“stickiness” of policies

[Forte et al. HICSS ‘08]

Page 64: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Biographies of Living People policyImpact of Sieganthaler Controversy

(12/05)

Page 65: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

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1

2003 2004 2005 2006

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ction o

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y c

itations

Year

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Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Biographies of Living People policyImpact of Sieganthaler Controversy

(12/05)

Page 66: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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1

2003 2004 2005 2006

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Year

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50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Biographies of Living People policyImpact of Sieganthaler Controversy

(12/05)

Governance connection #2:Shift toward quality control

[Forte et al. HICSS ‘08; Viegas et al. HCII ’07]

Page 67: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Page 68: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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itations

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50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Page 69: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Page 70: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Apply Grounded analysis-interpret policies from the perspective of the community

-classify policies by probable activity surrounding a citation

Method:1. read all policies

2. generate a codebook capturing range of social activity

3. code all policies with the codebook

Page 71: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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ctio

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po

licy c

ita

tio

ns

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 72: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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tio

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Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 73: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

Fra

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ita

tio

ns

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 74: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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tio

ns

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 75: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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ita

tio

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Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 76: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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2003 2004 2005 2006

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po

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ita

tio

ns

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 77: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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1

2003 2004 2005 2006

Fra

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n o

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po

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ita

tio

ns

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 78: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2003 2004 2005 2006

Fra

ctio

n o

f cu

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lative

po

licy c

ita

tio

ns

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 79: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

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1

2003 2004 2005 2006

Fra

ctio

n o

f cu

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lative

po

licy c

ita

tio

ns

Year

Top

50

Verifiability

Neutral Point

of View

Signatures

No Original

Research

Investigation: identifying changes in practice

Code Social signalattribution citing referencesgenre defining Wikipediainclusion deciding what content should be includedconsensus legitimacy of negotiation processdisposition regarding user actions and intentbias neutrality of content presentationlegal legality of content or user actionswriting style grammar, language, organization

Page 80: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

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1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ctio

n o

f cu

mu

lative

po

licy c

ita

tio

ns p

er

co

de

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

Page 81: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ction o

f cum

ula

tive p

olic

y c

itations p

er

code

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

Page 82: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

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0.4

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1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ction o

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itations p

er

code

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

Page 83: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Factor increase of raw policy citations between 1/05 and 11/06

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ction o

f cum

ula

tive p

olic

y c

itations p

er

code

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

0.320.921.52

0.41

0.70

1.08

1.00

3.23

Page 84: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Factor increase of raw policy citations between 1/05 and 11/06

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ction o

f cum

ula

tive p

olic

y c

itations p

er

code

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

0.320.921.52

0.41

0.70

1.08

1.00

3.23

But what about aggressive policy citers?

Page 85: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

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1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ction o

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ula

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olic

y c

itations p

er

code

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

0.320.921.52

0.41

0.70

1.08

1.00

3.23

Unique citers to dateIncrease

9.2024.0516.93

8.04

15.14

16.85

19.28

31.14

Factor increase of raw citations

Page 86: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ction o

f cum

ula

tive p

olic

y c

itations p

er

code

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

0.320.921.52

0.41

0.70

1.08

1.00

3.23

Unique citers to dateIncrease

9.2024.0516.93

8.04

15.14

16.85

19.28

31.14

Factor increase of registered users who

have left a message on the talk page between

1/05 and 11/06

7.5

Factor increase of raw citations

Page 87: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ction o

f cum

ula

tive p

olic

y c

itations p

er

code

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

0.320.921.52

0.41

0.70

1.08

1.00

3.23

Unique citers to date1/05 11/06168 1269212 2838241 2963

294 3811

474 4450

175 4060

118 4088

138 5231

Increase9.2024.0516.93

8.04

15.14

16.85

19.28

31.14

Factor increase of raw citations

Page 88: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2003 2004 2005 2006Fra

ction o

f cum

ula

tive p

olic

y c

itations p

er

code

Year

Attribution

Consensus

Bias

Disposition

Writing Style

Inclusion

GenreLegal

0.320.921.52

0.41

0.70

1.08

1.00

3.23

Unique citers to date1/05 11/06168 1269212 2838241 2963

294 3811

474 4450

175 4060

118 4088

138 5231

Increase9.2024.0516.93

8.04

15.14

16.85

19.28

31.14

Governance connection #3:Wider participation in

normative enforcement[Forte et al. HICSS ‘08]

Factor increase of raw citations

Page 89: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Conclusions

• The arrangement of institutions structures of a community- protection against from malicious activity (e.g. arbitration committee)

- content evaluation (e.g. featured article process)

- dispute resolution (e.g. requests for comment)

• Quantitative research can bridge social structure & dynamics- how do institutions form, evolve, and dissolve?

- however, need to examine socially meaningful activity...

• We profiled the use of Wikipedian policy by contributors- only scratches the surface

- no predictive models, etc.

Page 90: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

Research opportunities

• Interpreting data about an evolving practice

• Transplantability of policy environment to other communities

• Tracing activities across different social spaces- articles + talk pages

- talk pages + user talk pages

- policy usage + policy authoring

Page 91: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering
Page 92: Wikipedian Self-Governance in Actionbestchai/papers/icwsm08_slides.pdf · Wikipedian Self-Governance in Action Motivating the Policy Lens Ivan Beschastnikh Computer Science and Engineering

David W. McDonald

Questions?

Ivan Beschastnikh

Travis Kriplean

s

Acknowledgements:

Eytan Adar, HP’s Information Dynamics Lab (esp. Scott Golder and Bernardo Huberman)