Intelligent Response Technology (IRT) is Connect Accountings new student

interface for end-of-chapter assessment content. Intelligent Response Technology

provides a general journal application that looks and feels more like what you would nd in a general ledger software

package, improves answer acceptance to reduce student frustration with formatting

issues (such as rounding), and, for select questions, provides an expanded

table that guides students through the process of solving the problem.

Connect Accountings Interactive Presentations teach each chapters core learning objectives and concepts through an engaging, hands-on presentation, bringing the text content to life. Interactive Presentations harness the full power of technology to truly engage and appeal to all learning styles. Interactive Presentations are ideal in all class formatsonline, face-to-face, or hybrid.

Get Connected.

Intelligent Response Technology

Interactive Presentations

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Get Engaged.

Lecture Capture

eBooks

Connect Plus includes a media-rich eBook that allows you

to share your notes with your students. Your students can insert

and review their own notes, highlight the text, search for

speci c information, and interact with media resources. Using an

eBook with Connect Plus gives your students a complete digital solution

that allows them to access their materials from any computer.

Make your classes available anytime, anywhere. With simple, one-click recording, students can search for a word or phrase and be taken to the exact place in your lecture that they need to review.

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Financial Accounting Fundamentals

John J. WildUniversity of Wisconsin at Madison

4thedition

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FUNDAMENTALS, FOURTH EDITIONPublished by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions 2011, 2009, and 2007. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

ISBN 978-0-07-802559-4MHID 0-07-802559-1

Senior Vice President, Products & Markets: Kurt L. StrandVice President, General Manager, Products & Markets: Brent GordonVice President, Content Production & Technology Services: Kimberly Meriwether DavidDirector: Tim VertovecExecutive Brand Manager: Steve SchuetzExecutive Director of Development: Ann TorbertManaging Development Editor: Christina A. SandersDirector of Digital Content: Patricia PlumbDigital Development Editor: Julie HankinsSenior Marketing Manager: Michelle Heaster

To my students and family, especially Kimberly, Jonathan, Stephanie, and Trevor.

Lead Project Manager: Lori KoettersSenior Buyer: Carol A. BielskiLead Designer: Matthew BaldwinCover Designer: Laurie EntringerCover Image: Getty ImagesSenior Content Licensing Specialist: Jeremy CheshareckPhoto Researcher: Sarah EvertsonLead Media Project Manager: Brian NacikMedia Project Manager: Ron NelmsTypeface: 10.5/12 Times RomanCompositor: Aptara, Inc.Printer: R. R. Donnelley

CIP to come

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill, and McGraw-Hill does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.

www.mhhe.com

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Adapting to the Needs of Today's Students

Enhancements in technology have changed the spectrum of

how we live and learn in the world today. Being able to

download and work with learning tools on smart phones,

tablets, or laptop computers empowers students to drive their

own learning by putting increasingly intelligent technology

into their hands.

No two students are alike, and whether the goal is to

become an accountant or a businessperson or simply to be

an informed consumer of accounting information, Financial

Accounting Fundamentals (FAF) has helped generations of

students succeed by giving them support in the form of

leading-edge accounting content that engages students,

paired with state-of-the-art technology that elevates their

understanding of key accounting principles.

With FAF on your side, youll be provided with engaging

content in a motivating style to help students see the relevance

of accounting. Students are motivated when reading materials

that are clear and pertinent. FAF excels at engaging students.

Its chapter-opening vignettes showcase dynamic, successful

entrepreneurial individuals and companies guaranteed to

interest and excite students, and highlights the usefulness of

accounting to those business owners. This editions featured

companiesPolaris, Arctic Cat, KTM, and Piaggiocaptivate

students with their products and annual reports, which are a

pathway for learning financial statements. Further, this books

coverage of the accounting cycle fundamentals is widely

praised for its clarity and effectiveness.

FAF also delivers innovative technology to help student

performance. Connect Accounting provides students

with instant grading and feedback for assignments that

are completed online. With our new Intelligent Response

Technology, we are taking our accounting content to the next

level, delivering assessment material in a more intuitive, less

restrictive format that adapts to the needs of todays students.

Our new content features:

a general journal interface that looks and feels more like

that found in practice.

an auto-calculation feature that allows students to focus on

concepts rather than rote tasks.

a smart (auto-fill) drop-down design.

The end result is content that better prepares students for

the real world. Connect Accounting also includes digitally

based, interactive adaptive learning tools that provide an

opportunity to engage students more effectively by offering

varied instructional methods and more personalized learning

paths that build on different learning styles, interests, and

abilities, allowing students to work at their own pace.

McGraw-Hill LearnSmart is an intelligent learning system

that uses a series of adaptive questions to pinpoint each

students knowledge gaps. LearnSmart then provides an

optimal learning path for each student, so that they spend less

time in areas they already know and more time in areas they

dont. The result is LearnSmarts adaptive learning path that

helps students retain more knowledge, learn faster, and study

more efficiently.

Our Interactive Presentations teach each chapters core

learning objectives in a rich multimedia format, bringing the

content to life. Your students will come to class prepared

when you assign Interactive Presentations. Students can also

review the Interactive Presentations as they study.

Guided Examples provide students with narrated, animated,

step-by-step walkthroughs of algorithmic versions of assigned

exercises. Students appreciate the Guided Examples because

they can help students learn accounting and complete

assignments when outside of class.

Connect Plus Accounting integrates a media-rich online

version of the textbook with Connect Accounting.

"This is an excellent book that is well-written and contains excellent illustrations. It has the

best online supplements of any of the texts that I have reviewed. . . . This is an excellent

book that I would recommend to all of my colleagues." KAREN CRISONINO, County College of Morris

Financial Accounting Fundamentals, 4e

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JOHN J. WILD is a distinguished profes-sor of accounting at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. He previously held appointments at Michigan State University and the University of Manchester in England. He received his BBA, MS, and PhD from the University of Wisconsin.

Professor Wild teaches accounting courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. He has received numerous teaching honors, includ-

ing the Mabel W. Chipman Excellence-in-Teaching Award, the depart-mental Excellence-in-Teaching Award, and the Teaching Excellence Award from the 2003 and 2005 business graduates at the University of Wisconsin. He also received the Beta Alpha Psi and Roland F. Salmonson Excellence-in-Teaching Award from Michigan State University. Professor Wild has received several research honors and is a past KPMG Peat Marwick National Fellow and is a recipient of fellowships from the American Accounting Association and the Ernst and Young Foundation.

Professor Wild is an active member of the American Accounting Association and its sections. He has served on several committees of these organizations, including the Outstanding Accounting Educator Award, Wildman Award, National Program Advisory, Publications, and Research Committees. Professor Wild is author of Fundamental Accounting Principles, Financial and Managerial Accounting, Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting, and College Accounting, each published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin. His research articles on accounting and analysis appear in The Accounting Review, Journal of Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Contemporary Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, and other journals. He is past associate editor of Contemporary Accounting Research and has served on several editorial boards including The Accounting Review.

In his leisure time, Professor Wild enjoys hiking, sports, travel, people, and spending time with family and friends.

About the Author

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Dear Colleagues/Friends,

As we roll out the new edition of Financial Accounting Fundamentals, I thank

each of you who provided suggestions to improve the textbook. As teachers, we

know how important it is to select the right book for our course. This new edition

reflects the advice and wisdom of many dedicated reviewers, symposium and

workshop participants, students, and instructors. This book consistently rates

number one in customer loyalty because of you. Together, we have created

the most readable, concise, current, accurate, and innovative accounting book

available today.

Throughout the writing process, I steered this book in the manner you directed.

Reviewers, instructors, and students say this books enhanced presentation,

graphics, and technology cater to different learning styles and helps students

better understand accounting. Connect Plus Accounting offers new features to

improve student learning and to assist instructor teaching and grading. You and

your students will find all these tools easy to apply.

I owe the success of this book to you and other instructors who graciously took

time to help me focus on the changing demands of todays students and their

learning needs. I feel fortunate to have witnessed our professions extraordinary

devotion to teaching. Your feedback and suggestions are reflected in everything

I write. Please accept my heartfelt thanks for your dedication in helping todays

students learn, understand, and appreciate accounting.

With kindest regards,

John J. Wild

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Adapting to the Needs of McGraw-Hill Connect Plus Accounting is a complete online assignment, learning, and textbook assessment solution that connects your students with the tools and resources needed to achieve success through faster learning, more efficient studying, and higher retention of knowledge. Key features found in Connect Plus Accounting include:

Intelligent Response Technology Intelligent Response Technology is Connect Accounting's new student interface for end-of-chapter assessment content. Intelligent Response Technology provides a general journal application that looks and feels more like what you would find in a general ledger software package, improves answer acceptance to reduce student frustra-tion with formatting issues (such as rounding), and, for select questions, provides an expanded table that guides students through the process of solving the problem.

"I love how the general journal was set up. It felt like what I would be filling out if I had an accounting job."

Student, Chabot Community College

"I like that this system was formatted like real-world accounting is." Student, Rose State College

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Today's Students!

Connect Accounting helps students learn more efficiently by providing feedback and practice material when they need it, where they need it. Connect grades homework automatically and gives imme-diate feedback on any questions students may have missed.

"This system has improved the journal entry and T-account set-up processes to more accurately resemble the way it is done in class."

Student, Tallahassee Community College

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Interactive Presentations Connect Accounting's Interactive Presentations teach each chapter's core learning objec-tives and concepts through an engaging, hands-on presenta-tion, bringing the text content to life. Interactive Presentations harness the full power of tech-nology to truly engage and appeal to all learning styles. Interactive Presentations are ideal in all class formatsonline, face-to-face, or hybrid.

Adapting to the Needs of

Integrated eBooks Connect Plus includes a media-rich eBook. With it, you can share your notes with your students, and they can insert their own notes, highlight the text, search for specific infor-mation, and review their materials. Using an eBook with Connect gives your students a complete digital solution that allows them to access their materials from any computer. And over time, as more and more students use mobile devices, our eBooks will even enable them to learn on the go.

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Guided Examples Guided Examples provide narrated, animated, and step-by-step walkthroughs of algorithmic ver-sions of assigned exercises in Connect Accounting, allowing the student to iden-tify, review, or reinforce the concepts and activities covered in class. Guided Examples provide immediate feedback and focus on the areas where students need the most guidance.

LearnSmart No two students are alike. McGraw-Hill LearnSmart is an intelligent learning system that uses a series of adaptive questions to pinpoint each student's knowl-edge gaps. LearnSmart then provides an opti-mal learning path for each student, so that they spend less time in areas they already know and more time in areas they don't. The result is that LearnSmart's adaptive learning path helps students retain more knowledge, learn faster, and study more efficiently.

Student Resource LibraryThe Connect Accounting Student Study Center gives access to addi-tional resources such as recorded lec-tures, online practice materials, an eBook, and more.

Today's Students!

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Adapting to the Needs of

Simple Assignment Management and Smart GradingWith Connect Plus Accounting, creating assignments is easier than ever, so you can spend more time teaching and less time managing. Connect Accounting enables you to:

Create and deliver assignments easily with select end-of-chapter questions and test bank items. Go paperless with the eBook and online submission and grading of student assignments. Have assignments scored automatically, giving students immediate feedback on their work and side-by-

side comparisons with correct answers. Reinforce classroom concepts with practice tests and instant quizzes.

McGraw-Hills solutions are proven to improve student performance. With Connect Accounting, students can access a wealth of engaging resources to help them study more effectively and perform at a higher level on homework and exams. Connect Accounting also allows instructors to assign McGraw-Hills world class content and assess student performance.

The integrated solutions for Financial Accounting Fundamentals have been specifically designed to help you achieve your course goals of improving student readiness, enhancing student engagement, and increasing their comprehension of content. McGraw-Hills adaptive learning component, LearnSmart, provides assign-able modules that help students master chapter core content and come to class more prepared. In addition, Interactive Presentations deliver learning objectives in an interactive environment, giving stu-dents access to course-critical content anytime, anywhere. Known for its engaging style, the FAF solution employs the use of current companies, LearnSmart, and our instant feedback on practice problems to help students engage with our materials, comprehend the content, and achieve higher outcomes in the course.

"Connect certainly offers so much for the students and at the same time helps the professors. The professors can offer more learning opportunities to the students without intensive time investment."

Constance Hylton, George Mason University

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Today's Instructors

Instructor LibraryThe Connect Accounting Instructor Library is your repository for additional resources to improve student engagement in and out of class. You can select and use any asset that enhances your lecture. The Connect Accounting Instructor Library includes: access to the eBook version of the text, PowerPoint files, Solutions Manual, Instructor Resource Manual, and Test Bank.

Student ReportingConnect Accounting keeps instructors informed about how each stu-dent, section, and class is performing, allowing for more productive use of lecture and office hours. The reporting function enables you to:

View scored work immediately and track individual or group per-formance with assignment and grade reports.

Access an instant view of student or class performance relative to learning objectives.

Collect data and generate reports required by many accreditation organizations, such as AACSB and AICPA.

Identify low-performance students with the "At Risk" student report.

Tegrity: Lectures 24/7

Make your classes available anytime, anywhere. With simple one-click recording, instructors can record lectures, presentations, and step-by-step problem solutions with Tegrity. Using Tegrity with Connect Accounting, instructors can post recordings directly to Connect for student viewing. Students can also search for a word or phrase and be taken to the exact place in your lecture that they need to review.

To learn more about Tegrity watch a two-minute Flash demo at http://tegritycampus.mhhe.com.

McGraw-Hill Customer Experience Group Contact Information

At McGraw-Hill, we understand that getting the most from new technology can be challenging. Thats why

our services dont stop after you purchase our products. You can e-mail our Product Specialists 24 hours a day

to get product training online. Or you can search our knowledge bank of Frequently Asked Questions on

our support Website. For Customer Support, call 800-331-5094 or visit www.mhhe.com/support. One of our

Technical Support Analysts will be able to assist you in a timely fashion.

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We offer an Online Learning Center (OLC) that follows Financial Accounting Fundamentals chapter by chapter. It doesnt require any building or maintenance on your part. Its ready to go the moment you and your students type in the URL:www.mhhe.com/wildFAF4e As students study and learn from Financial Accounting Fundamentals, they can visit the Student Edition of the OLC Website to work with a multitude of helpful tools:

A secured Instructor Edition stores essential course materials to save you prep time before class. Everything you need to run a lively classroom and an efficient course is included. All resources available to students, plus . . .

Instructors Resource Manual Solutions Manual Solutions to Excel Template Assignments Test Bank Solutions to Sage 50 Complete Accounting and QuickBooks templates

The OLC Website also serves as a doorway to other technology solutions, like course management systems.

Generic Template Working Papers Chapter Learning Objectives Interactive Chapter Quizzes

PowerPoint Presentations Excel Template Assignments

How Can Text-Related Web Resources Enrich My Course?Online Learning Center (OLC)

McGraw-Hill CampusTM

McGraw-Hill Campus is a new one-stop teaching and learning experience available to users of any learning management system. This complimentary integration allows faculty and students to enjoy single sign-on (SSO) access to all McGraw-Hill Higher Education materials and synchronized grade-book with our award-winning McGraw-Hill Connect platform. McGraw-Hill Campus provides faculty with instant access to all McGraw-Hill Higher Education teaching materials (eTextbooks, test banks, PowerPoint slides, animations and learning objects, and so on), allowing them to browse, search, and use any instructor ancillary content in our vast library at no additional cost to instructor or students. Students enjoy SSO access to a variety of free (quizzes, flash cards, narrated presentations, and so on) and subscription-based products (McGraw-Hill Connect). With this integration enabled, faculty and students will never need to create another account to access McGraw-Hill products and services. For more information on McGraw-Hill Campus please visit our website at www.mhcampus.com.

McGraw-Hill Higher Education and Blackboard have teamed up. What does this mean for you?

1. Single sign-on. Now you and your students can access McGraw-Hill'sConnect and Create right from within your Blackboard course all with onesingle sign-on.

2. Deep integration of content and tools. You get single sign-onwith Connect and Create, you also get integration of McGraw-Hill contentand content engines right in Blackboard. Whether you're choosing a bookfor your course or building Connect assignments, all the tools you need areright where you want theminside Blackboard.

3. One grade book. Keeping several grade books and manually synchronizing grades in Blackboard is no longer necessary. When a student completes an integrated Connect assignment, the grade for that assignment automatically (and instantly) feeds your Blackboard grade center.

4. A solution for everyone. Whether your institution is already using Blackboardor you just want to try Blackboard on your own, we have a solution for you.McGraw-Hill and Blackboard can now offer you easy access to industry-leadingtechnology and content, whether your campus hosts it, or we do. Be sure toask your local McGraw-Hill representative for details.

Online Course Management

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CourseSmartCourseSmart is a new way to find and buy eTextbooks. CourseSmart has thelargest selection of eTextbooks available anywhere, offering thousands ofthe most commonly adopted textbooks from a wide variety of higher educa-tion publishers. CourseSmart eTextbooks are available in one standard onlinereader with full text search, notes, highlighting, and email tools for sharing between classmates. Visit www.CourseSmart.com for more information on ordering.

Instructors Resource CD-ROM ISBN13: 9780077584108ISBN10: 0077584104

This is your all-in-one resource. It allows you to create custom presentations from your own materials or from the follow-ing text-specific materials provided in the CDs asset library:

Instructors Resource ManualWritten by April Mohr, Jefferson Community and Technical College, SW.

This manual contains (for each chap-ter) a Lecture Outline, a chart linking all assignment materials to Learning Objectives, and additional visuals with transparency masters.

Solutions Manual

Written by John J. Wild, and Anita Kroll, University of WisconsinMadison.

Test Bank

Revised by Laurie Hays, Western Michigan University.

PowerPoint Presentations Prepared by Anna Boulware, St. Charles Community College.

Presentations allow for revision of lecture slides, and includes a viewer, allowing screens to be shown with or without the software.

Working PapersAvailable through Create. Contact your publisher representative for details.

Written by John J. Wild.

Connect Accounting with LearnSmart One Semester Access Code CardISBN13: 9780077584078ISBN10: 0077584074

Connect Plus Accounting with LearnSmart One Semester Access Code CardISBN13: 9780077584092ISBN10: 0077584090

Carol Yacht's Sage 50 Complete Accounting 2013 Student Guide and TemplatesISBN13: 9780077796860ISBN10: 0077796861

Prepared by Carol Yacht.

To better prepare students for account-ing in the real world, selected end-of-chapter material in the text is tied to Sage 50 Complete Accounting 2013 soft-ware (formerly Peachtree). The accompa-nying student guide provides a step-by-step walkthrough for students on how to complete the problem in the software.

QuickBooks Pro 2013 Student Guide and TemplatesISBN13: 9780077598686ISBN10: 0077598687

Prepared by Carol Yacht.

To better prepare students for account-ing in the real world, selected end-of-chapter material in the text is tied to QuickBooks software. The accompanying student guide provides a step-by-step walkthrough for students on how to complete the problem in the software.

Instructor Supplements

Student Supplements

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Using Accounting for DecisionsWhether we prepare, analyze, or apply accounting informa-tion, one skill remains essential: decision-making. To help develop good decision-making habits and to illustrate the relevance of accounting, our book uses a unique pedagogical framework we call the Decision Center. This framework is comprised of a variety of approaches and subject areas, giving students insight into every aspect of business decision-making; see three examples to the right and one below. Answers to Decision Maker and Ethics boxes are at the end of each chapter.

CAP ModelThe Conceptual/Analytical/Procedural (CAP) Model allows courses to be specially designed to meet your teaching needs or those of a diverse faculty. This model identifies learning ob-jectives, textual materials, assignments, and test items by C, A, or P, allowing different instructors to teach from the same ma-terials, yet easily customize their courses toward a conceptual, analytical, or procedural approach (or a combination thereof) based on personal preferences.

Innovative Textbook Features

"We are very impressed with the text itself. The updated look, colors, illustrations, . . . the inclusion of IFRS information will help the transition in the futurewhich is a good thing. We have the flexibility to pick and choose for now with the way you have laid out the information."

Bob Urell, Irvine Valley College

Global ViewThis section explains international accounting practices relating to the material covered in that chapter. This section is purposefully located at the end of each chapter so that each instructor can decide what emphasis, if at all, is to be assigned to it. The aim of this Global View section is to describe accounting practices and to identify the similarities and differences in international accounting practices versus that in the United States. As we move toward global convergence in accounting practices, and as we witness the likely conversion of U.S. GAAP to IFRS, the importance of student familiarity with international accounting grows. This innovative section helps us begin down that path of learning and teaching global accounting practices.

Learning Objectives

CONCEPTUAL

C1 Explain the steps in processing transactions and the role of source documents. (p. 50)

C2 Describe an account and its use in recording transactions. (p. 51)C3 Describe a ledger and a chart of accounts. (p. 54)C4 Define debits and credits and explain double-entry accounting. (p. 55)

ANALYTICAL

A1 Analyze the impact of transactions on accounts and financial statements. (p. 59)A2 Compute the debt ratio and describe its use in analyzing financial condition. (p. 69)

PROCEDURAL

P1 Record transactions in a journal and post entries to a ledger. (p. 56)P2 Prepare and explain the use of a trial balance. (p. 65)

We explained that accounting under U.S. GAAP is similar, but ntion discusses differences in adjusting accounts, preparing finanliabilities on a balance sheet.

Adjusting Accounts Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS including accounts. Although some variations exist in revenue and exall of the adjustments in this chapter are accounted for identicaters we describe how certain assets and liabilities can result ivalue measurements.

Preparing Financial Statements Both U.S. GAAP ancial statements following the same process discussed in this chaGAAP and IFRS require current items to be separated from noncua classified balance sheet). U.S. GAAP balance sheets report currliquid to least liquid, where liquid refers to the ease of converting nearest to maturity to furthest from maturity, maturity refers to thebalance sheets normally present noncurrent items first (and equity ment. Other differences with financial statements exist, which we ithe following example of IFRS reporting for its assets, liabilities,

GLOBAL VIEW

PIAGGIOBalance Sheet (in thousands of

December 31, 2011

Assets Noncurrent assets Total equity . . . . .

PIAGGIO

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Women Entrepreneurs The Center for Womens Business Research reports that women-owned businesses, such as Nom Nom Truck, are growing and that they:

Total approximately 11 million and employ nearly 20 million workers. Generate $2.5 trillion in annual sales and tend to embrace technology. Are philanthropic70% of owners volunteer at least once per month. Are more likely funded by individual investors (73%) than venture firms (15%).

Decision Insight

Payables Manager As a new accounts payable manager, you are being trained by the outgoing man-ager. She explains that the system prepares checks for amounts net of favorable cash discounts, and the checks are dated the last day of the discount period. She also tells you that checks are not mailed until five days later, adding that the company gets free use of cash for an extra five days, and our department looks better. When a supplier complains, we blame the computer system and the mailroom. Do you continue this payment policy? [Answerp. 208]

Decision Ethics

Entrepreneur You purchase a batch of products on terms of 3y10, ny90, but your company has limited cash and you must borrow funds at an 11% annual rate if you are to pay within the discount period. Is it to your advantage to take the purchase discount? Explain. [Answerp. 208]

Decision Maker

Total Asset Turnover Decision Analysis

A1 Compute total asset turnover and apply it to analyze a companys use of assets.

A companys assets are important in determining its ability to generate sales and earn income. Managers devote much attention to deciding what assets a company acquires, how much it invests in assets, and how to use assets most efficiently and effectively. One important measure of a companys ability to use its as-sets is total asset turnover, defined in Exhibit 8.18.

EXHIBIT 8.18Total Asset TurnoverTotal asset turnover 5

Net salesAverage total assets

The numerator reflects the net amounts earned from the sale of products and services. The denominator reflects the average total resources devoted to operating the company and generating sales.

ill l l k l i hibi 8 19 f i i M l

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I like the layout of the text and the readability. The illustrations and comics in the book make the text seem less intimidating and boring for students. The PowerPoint slides are easy to understand and use, the pictorials are great, and the text has great coverage of accounting material. The addition of IFRS information and the updates to the opening stories are great. I like that the decision insights are about businesses the students can relate to (i.e., Facebook, women start-up businesses, etc)."

Jeannie Liu, Chaffey College

Bring Accounting To Life

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Chapter Preview With FlowchartThis feature provides a handy textual/visual guide at the start of every chapter. Students can now begin their reading with a clear understanding of what they will learn and when, allowing them to stay more focused and organized along the way.

Long-Term Liabilities

Bond Issuances

Issuance at par Issuance at a discount Issuance at a premium Bond pricing

Bond Basics

Bond financing Bond trading Issuance procedures

Bond Retirement

At maturity Before maturity By conversion

Long-TermNotes

Installment notes Mortgage terms

Quick CheckThese short question/answer features reinforce the material immediately preceding them. They allow the reader to pause and re ect on the topics described, then receive immediate feedback before going on to new topics. Answers are pro-vided at the end of each chapter.

12. Give an example of a natural resource and of an intangible asset.13. A company pays $650,000 for an ore deposit. The deposit is estimated to have 325,000 tons

of ore that will be mined over the next 10 years. During the first year, it mined, processed, and sold 91,000 tons. What is that years depletion expense?

14. On January 6, 2013, a company pays $120,000 for a patent with a remaining 17-year legal life to produce a toy expected to be marketable for three years. Prepare entries to record its acquisition and the December 31, 2013, amortization entry.

Quick Check Answers p. 421

Marginal Student AnnotationsThese annotations provide students with additional hints, tips, and examples to help them more fully understand the concepts and retain what they have learned. The annotations also include notes on global implications of accounting and further examples.

when an insurance fee, called a premium, is paiaccount Prepaid Insurance. Over time, the expthis asset account and reported in expenses on in Prepaid Insurance and is reported on the balaaccounts that will expire or be used before thestatements are prepared. In this case, the prepa

Point: Prepaid accounts that apply to current and future periods are assets. These assets are adjusted at the end of each period to reflect only those amounts that have not yet expired, and to record as expenses those amounts that have expired.

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Demonstration Problems present both a problem and a complete solution, allowing students to review the entire problem-solving process and achieve success.

Chapter Summaries provide students with a review organized by learning objectives. Chapter Summaries are a component of the CAP model (see page xvi), which recaps each conceptual, analytical, and procedural objective.

Key Terms are bolded in the text and repeated at the end of the chapter with page numbers indi-cating their location. The book also includes a com-plete Glossary of Key Terms.

Quick Study assignments are short exercises that often focus on one learning objective. Most are included in Connect Account-ing. There are usually 8-10 Quick Study assignments per chapter.

Problem Sets A & B are proven problems that can be assigned as homework or for in-class projects. All problems are coded according to the CAP model (see page xvi), and Set A is included in Connect Accounting.

Exercises are one of this books many strengths and a competitive advantage. There are about 10-15 per chapter and most are included in Connect Accounting.

Multiple Choice Quiz questions quickly test chapter knowledge before a student moves on to complete Quick Studies, Exercises, and Problems.

Once a student has finished reading the chapter, how well he or she retains the material can depend greatly on the questions, exer-cises, and problems that reinforce it. This book leads the way in comprehensive, accurate assignments.

Outstanding Assignment Material

Use the following adjusted trial balance and additional information to complete the requirements.

DEMONSTRATION PROBLEM 1

KC ANTIQUESAdjusted Trial Balance

December 31, 2013

Debit Credit

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,000

Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,000

Merchandise inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,000

Store supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,600

Accumulated depreciationEquipment $ 16 600

dditional information to complete the requirements.

KCC AAAAAANNNNTIQUESusttteeeeddddd TTTrial Balanceceeemmmmmmmbbber 31, 2013

Debit Credit

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 7,000

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,000

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,000

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,600

ipment $ 16 600

PLANNING THE SOLUTION Compute the total cost of merchandise purchases for 2013. To prepare the multiple-step statement, first compute net sales. Then, to compute cost of goods sold,

add the net cost of merchandise purchases for the year to beginning inventory and subtract the cost ofending inventory. Subtract cost of goods sold from net sales to get gross profit. Then classify expenses

lli l d d i i iSOLUTION TO DEMONSTRATION PROBLEM 1 1.

Invoice cost of merchandise purchases . . . . . . . . $150,000Less: Purchases discounts received . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,500 Purchase returns and allowances . . . . . . . . . 2,700Add: Cost of transportation-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000Total cost of merchandise purchases . . . . . . . . . . $149,800

2. Multiple-step income statement

KC ANTIQUESIncome Statement

For Year Ended December 31, 2013

Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $343,250Less: Sales discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5,000 Sales returns and allowances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000 11,000 Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332,250Cost of goods sold* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,900Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,350

KKacp

Appropriated retained earnings (p. 482)

Authorized stock (p. 469)

Basic earnings per share (p. 485)

Book value per common share (p. 486)

Book value per preferred share (p. 486)

Call price (p. 479)

Callable preferred stock (p. 479)

Discount on stock (p. 471)

Dividend in arrears (p. 477)

Dividend yield (p. 486)

Earnings per share (EPS) (p. 485)

Financial leverage (p. 479)

Large stock dividend (p. 474)

Liquidating cash dividend (p. 474)

Preemptive right (p. 468)

Preferred stock (p. 476)

Premium on stock (p. 471)

Price-earnings (PE) ratio (p. 485)

Prior period adjustments (p. 483)

Proxy (p. 467)

Restricted retained earnings (p. 482)

Key Terms

fe ed s a e (p. 486)

st

a c a eve age (p. 479) o pe od adjust e ts (p. 83)

Additional Quiz Questions are available at the books Website.

Multiple Choice Quiz Answers on p. 507 mhhe.com/wildF

2. A company reports net income of $75,000. average common shares outstanding is 19,0other stock outstanding. Its earnings per share

a. $4.69 b. $3.95 c. $3.75 d. $2.08 e. $4.41

1. A corporation issues 6,000 shares of $5 par value common stock for $8 cash per share. The entry to record this transaction includes:

a. A debit to Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par Value for $18,000.

b. A credit to Common Stock for $48,000. c. A credit to Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par Value for

$30,000. d. A credit to Cash for $48,000.

A di C S k f $30 000

d. $2.08 e. $4.41

. A credit to Paid In Capital in Excess of Par Value for $30,000.

. A credit to Cash for $48,000.$

Units Unit Cost

Beginning inventory on January 1 . . . . . . . . . 320 $3.00

Purchase on January 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 3.20

Purchase on January 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 3.34

Information: A company reports the following beginning inventory and purchaseJanuary. On January 26, the company sells 350 units. 150 units remain in ending inven

QUICK STUDY

QS 5-1Perpetual: Inventory costing with FIFO

P1

Exercise 5-2Inventory costs

C2

ers, purchased the contents of an estate for $75,000. Terms of the purchase he cost of transporting the goods to Walberg Associates warehouse was ed the shipment at a cost of $300. Prior to putting the goods up for sale, they cost of $980. Determine the cost of the inventory acquired from the estate.

d $20,000 of goods to Harlow Co., and Harlow Co. has arranged to sell y the consignor and the consignee. Which company should include any ventory?shipped $12,500 of merchandise FOB destination to Harlow Co. Which $12,500 of merchandise in transit as part of its year-end inventory?

EXERCISES

Exercise 5-1Inventory ownership C1

PROBLEM SET A

Problem 5-1APerpetual: Alternative cost flows

P1

Information: Wpurchases and s80 units from beof 40 units from

Date

Mar. 1

aS

D tDateDate

Mar. 1 into the following purchases

ale consisted of 8 units from le consisted of 12 units from pril 25 purchase.)

PROBLEM SET B

Problem 5-1BPerpetual: Alternative cost flows

P1Units Sold at Retail

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The End of the Chapter Is Only the Beginning Our valuable and proven assignments arent just con ned to the book. From problems that require technological solutions to materials found exclusively online, this books end-of-chapter material is fully integrated with its technology package.

Quick Studies, Exercises, and Problems available in Connect are marked with an icon.

Problems supported by the Sage 50 Complete Accounting or Quickbooks are marked with an icon.

Problems supported with Microsoft Excel template assignments are marked with an icon.

Assignments that focus on global accounting practices and companies are often identified with an icon.

accounting

Helps Students Master Key Concepts

"The serial problems are excellent. I like the continuation of the same problem to the next chapters if applicable. I use the Quick Studies as practice problems. . . . Students have commented that this really works for them if they work (these questions) before attempting the assigned exercises and problems. I also like the discussion (questions) and make this an assignment. You have done an outstanding job presenting accounting to our students."

Jerri Tittle, Rose State College

mhhe.com/wildFAF4e

Beyond the Numbers exercises ask students to useaccounting gures and understand their meaning. Studentsalso learn how accounting applies to a variety ofbusiness situations. These creative and fun exercises areall new or updated, and are divided into sections:

Reporting in Action Comparative Analysis Ethics Challenge Communicating in Practice

Taking It To The Net Teamwork in Action Hitting the Road Entrepreneurial Decision Global Decision

BTN 12-1 Refer to Polaris financial statements in Appendix A to answer the following. 1. Is Polaris statement of cash flows prepared under the direct method or the indirect method? How

do you know? 2. For each year 2011, 2010, and 2009, is the amount of cash provided by operating activities more or

less than the cash paid for dividends? 3. What is the largest amount in reconciling the difference between net income and cash flow from

operating activities in 2011? In 2010? In 2009? 4. Identify the largest cash inflow and outflow for investing and for financing activities in 2012 and in 2010.

Fast Forward

5. Obtain Polaris financial statements for a year ending after December 31, 2011, from either its Website (Polaris.com) or the SECs database (www .sec.gov). Since December 31, 2011, what are Polaris

Beyond the Numbers

REPORTING IN ACTIONA1

Polaris

Serial Problem uses a continuous running case study to illustrate chapter concepts in a familiar context. The Se-rial Problem can be followed continuously from the rst chapter or picked up at any later point in the book; enough information is provided to ensure students can get right to work.

SERIAL PROBLEMSuccess Systems

A1 P1 P2

(This serial problem started in Chapter 1 and continues through most of the chapters. If the Chapter 1 segment was not completed, the problem can begin at this point. It is helpful, but not necessary, to use the Working Papers that accompany this book.)

SP 2 On October 1, 2013, Adria Lopez launched a computer services company called Success Systems, which provides consulting services, computer system installations, and custom program development. Adria adopts the calendar year for reporting purposes and expects to prepare the companys first set of financial statements on December 31, 2013. The companys initial chart of accounts follows.

Account No. Account No.

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 A. Lopez, Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Accounts Receivable . . . . . . . . . 106 A. Lopez, Withdrawals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Computer Supplies . . . . . . . . . . 126 Computer Services Revenue . . . . . . . . . 403

Prepaid Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Wages Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

Prepaid Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Advertising Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

Office Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Mileage Expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

Computer Equipment . . . . . . . . 167 Miscellaneous Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

Accounts Payable . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Repairs Expense Computer. . . . . . . . . 684

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Enhancements in This Edition

Chapter 1Twitter NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment Streamlined and reorganized discussion of the users of accounting informationUpdated salary information and new margin notes on the value of educationNew presentation on the fraud triangle and its relevance to accounting and internal controlNew discussion on the joint role of the FASB and IASB in standard settingRevised layout for accounting principles and assumptionsNew information on the Dodd-Frank act and its relevance to accountingNew survey data from executives on the impact of fraud in the economic downturnNew world map on the adoption of IFRS or a variant of IFRS across countriesNew company (Dell) for the return on assets section of Decision Analysis

Chapter 2Nom Nom Truck NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment Reorganized discussion and presentation of assets, liabilities, and equity accountsRevised description of journalizing and posting of transactionsNew headings on each general journal for this chapters major illustration introducing our unique four-step transaction analysisRevised global view and new Piaggios (abbreviated) balance sheetUpdated debt ratio discussion using recent Skecherss information

Chapter 3ash&dans NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment New layout for the types of adjustments

New example of unearned revenues using USA TodayEnhanced and emphasized the innovative three-step process for adjusting accountsUpdated IFRS and FASB revenue recognition convergenceAdded six new Quick Studies to directly apply the three-step adjustment processExpanded explanation of temporary and permanent accountsRevised visual display of four-step closing processEnhanced display of general ledger for ease in learning

Chapter 4Faithful Fish NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment Enhanced exhibit on transportation costs and FOB terms, with inclusion of entriesNew discussion of online ordering, tracking numbers, RFID, and FOBRevised the two-step explanation of recording merchandise salesNew discussion on the importance and risks of accounting for sales returnsRevised visual display of a sales invoiceRevised discussion of merchandising purchases and salesNew Volkswagen example of IFRS income statement

Chapter 5Feverish Ice Cream NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment Enhanced exhibit that visually shows cost flows from inventory to financial statements, with superior info-graphicsAdded new discussion on inventory controlsNew explanatory boxes added to selected exhibits as learning aids

Expanded assignments covering perpetual and periodic inventory measurementNew material on IFRS and inventory methods

Chapter 6CHEESEBOY NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment New discussion of payroll controlsExpanded presentation of Hackers GuideNew discussion of the lock box and its purposeNew data on sources of fraud complaintsNew evidence on methods to override controlsNew visual on document to bond (insure) an employeeNew example of MLB controls, or lack thereof

Chapter 7Under Armour NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment Added explanation of credit card salesNew discussion of mobile payment systems using mini-card-readers and iPadsNew illustration comparing bad debts recognition under the allowance method versus the direct write-off methodRevised exhibit on aging of accounts receivable, including all detailed accountsNew illustration on why the bankers rule is commonly applied

Chapter 8BizChair.com NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment New learning boxes added to selected exhibits identifying salvage valueNew explanation on how asset purchases

This editions revisions are driven by instructors and students. General revisions to the entire book follow (including chapter-by-chapter revisions):

Revised and updated assignments throughout

Updated ratio/tool analysis and data for each chapter

New material on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in most chapters, including global examples

New and revised entrepreneurial examples and elements

Revised serial problem through nearly all chapters

New art program, visual info-graphics, and text layout

New Polaris (maker of ATVs, snowmobiles, motorcycles, and electric vehicles) annual report with comparisons to competitors, including Arctic Cat, KTM (IFRS), and Piaggio (IFRS) with new assignments

Updated graphics added to each chapters analysis section

New technology content integrated and referenced in the book

Updated Global View section in each chapter

New innovative assignments sprinkled throughout the book

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For Better Learning

occurring on different days of the month are commonly processedNew example of extraordinary repairs applied to the stealth bomberNew notes added to emphasize that depreciation is cost allocation, and not valuationNew explanation on how drugmakers fight patent expirationsNew information on the Mickey Mouse Protection Act for intangiblesNew goodwill example using Googles purchase of YouTube

Chapter 9SmartIT Staffing NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment Revised unearned revenues example based on Rihanna ticket salesAdded explanation on the role of sellers as tax collection agents for the government New information on franchise costs and how they are accounted forAdded select formulas to enhance the exhibit on payroll deductionsUpdated payroll rates to 2012 with discussion on likely adjustments for 2013 and 2014Added discussion on maximum withholding allowances claimedNew discussion on IRS actions against companies that fail to pay employment taxesNew evidence on payroll fraud, its median loss, and time taken to uncover such frauds

Chapter 10barley & birch NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment New explanation on why debt (credit) financing is less costly than equity financingNew margin graphics (four) illustrating how a debts carrying value is periodically adjusted until it equals maturity value at the end of its lifeNew margin boxes on calculator functions to compute the price of bonds

New explanation of what is investment grade debtNew discussion on the role of unreported liabilities and the 20082009 financial crisisReference to changes in lease accountingNew discussion of collateral and its role in debt financingNew separate appendix learning objectives on amortizing a discount or a premium using effective interest

Chapter 11Groupon NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment New discussion of Facebooks IPO and the role of accounting informationNew reference to corporate governanceNew reference to state laws and where companies incorporateNew examples using Target for stock quotes and Google for stock splitsNew discussion of fraudulent information dissemination and stock pricesUpdated the global view on equity accounting

Chapter 12TOMS NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment Revised graphics to better illustrate cash inflows and outflows for operating, investing, and financing activitiesRevised graphic to better reflect cash and cash equivalentsAdded discussion on the use of T-accounts for reconstructing transactions impacting cashNew margin clarification for computing free cash flow New discussion on the potential for IASB and FASB to issue guidance for the statement of cash flow that would require the direct method stay tuned

Chapter 13Motley Fool REVISED opener with new entrepreneurial assignment New companiesPolaris, Arctic Cat,KTM and Piaggiodata throughout the chapter, exhibits, and illustrationsNew boxed discussion on the role of financial statement analysis to fight and prevent fraudEnhanced horizontal, vertical, ratio analysis using new companies and industry dataStreamlined global view section

Appendix CmyYearbook (MeetMe Inc.) NEW opener with new entrepreneurial assignment New discussion of the two optional presentations for comprehensive income per FASB guidance in 2012Revised discussion of accounting for securitiesNew reference to Greek debt in the context of international operations

Appendix DNew examples of LLPs and their prevalence among professional servicesNew discussion of the potential for multiple drawing accounts in practiceRevised and streamlined three-step process to liquidate a partnership

Appendix EExpanded discussion and examples of hackers and internal controlsNew pneumonic tool for system principlesEnhanced exhibit on system componentsNew discussion on voice recognition controlsNew discussion on cloud computing, its implications to accounting, and its risksNew references to XBRL, Great Plains, and QuickBooks in accountingUpdated discussion and examples for ERP

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Assurance of Learning Ready

Many educational institutions today are focused on the notion of assur-ance of learning, an important element of some accreditation standards. Financial Accounting Fundamentals is designed speci cally to support your

assurance of learning initiatives with a simple, yet powerful solution. Each test bank question for Financial Accounting Fundamentals maps to a speci c chapter learning objective listed in the text. You can use our test bank software, EZ Test Online or Connect Accounting to easily query for learn-ing objectives that directly relate to the learning objectives for your course. You can then use the reporting features of EZ Test to aggregate student results in similar fashion, making the collection and presentation of assurance of learning data simple and easy.

AACSB Statement

The McGraw-Hill Companies is a proud corporate member of AACSB International. Understanding the importance and value of AACSB accreditation, Financial Accounting Fundamentals recognizes the curricula guidelines detailed in the AACSB stan-

dards for business accreditation by connecting selected questions in the test bank to the six general knowledge and skill guidelines in the AACSB standards. The statements contained in Financial Ac-counting Fundamentals are provided only as a guide for the users of this textbook. The AACSB leaves content coverage and assessment within the purview of individual schools, the mission of the school, and the faculty. While Financial Accounting Fundamentals and the teaching package make no claim of any speci c AACSB quali cation or evaluation, we have within Financial Accounting Fundamentals labeled select questions according to the six general knowledge and skills areas.

"This textbook does address many learning styles and at the same time allows for many teaching styles ... our faculty have been very pleased with the continued revisions and supplements. From paper working papers ... to continually improved homework sites and e-books. Im a Wild fan!" Rita Hays, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

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Thomas Arcuri, Florida State University

Sidney Askew, Borough of Manhattan Community College

Richard Barnhart, Grand Rapids Community College

Jaswinder Bhangal, Chabot College

Patrick Borja, Citrus College

Anna Boulware, St. Charles Community College

Billy Brewster, University of Texas at Arlington

Marci Butterfield, University of Utah

Colleen Chung, Miami Dade College- Kendall

Robert Churchman, Harding University

Marilyn Ciolino, Delgado Community College

Ken Couvillion, Delta College

Karen Crisonino, County College of Morris

Stan Davis, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

Walter DeAguero, Saddleback College

Mike Deschamps, MiraCosta College

Ron Dustin, Fresno City College

Albert Fisher, College of Southern Nevada

Linda Flowers, Houston Community College

Jeannie Folk, College of DuPage

Ernesto Gonzalez, Florida National College

Ann Gregory, South Plains College

Rebecca Hancock, El Paso Community College-Valley Verde

Laurie Hays, Western Michigan University

Rita Hays, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Constance Hylton, George Mason University

Todd Jensen, Sierra College

Gina M. Jones, Aims Community College

Jeff Jones, College of Southern Nevada

Sandra Jordan, Florida State College at Jacksonville

Dmitriy Kalyagin, Chabot College

Thomas Kam, Hawaii Pacific University

Shirly A. Kleiner, Johnson County Community College

Anita Kroll, University of Wisconsin-Madison

David Krug, Johnson County Community College

Christopher Kwak, DeAnza College

David Laurel, South Texas College

Charles Lewis, Houston Community College

Jeannie Liu, Chaffey College

Thomas S. Marsh, Northern Virginia Community College-Annandale

Stacie Mayes, Rose State College

Donald McWilliams, Jackson State University

Jeanine Metzler, Northampton Community College

Edna C. Mitchell, Polk State College

Kathleen ODonnell, Onondaga Community College

Yvonne Phang, Borough of Manhattan Community College

James Racic, Lakeland Community College

Ruthie Reynolds, Howard University

Helen Roybark, Radford University

Richard Sarkisian, Camden County College

Tracy Schmeltzer, Wayne Community College

Debbie Schmidt, Cerritos College

Geeta Shankhar, University of Dayton

Regina Shea, Community College of Baltimore CountyEssex

Jaye Simpson, Tarrant County College

Erik Slayter, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo

Gerald Smith, University of Northern Iowa

Dominique Svarc, William Rainey Harper College

AcknowledgmentsJohn J. Wild and McGraw-Hill/Irwin would like to recognize the following instructors for their valuable feedback and involvement in the development of Financial Accounting Fundamentals, 4e. We are thankful for their suggestions, counsel, and encouragement.

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Ulysses Taylor, Fayetteville State University

Anthony Teng, Saddleback College

Teresa Thompson, Chaffey Community College

Jerri Tittle, Rose State College

Bob Urell, Irvine Valley College

Adam Vitalis, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Patricia Walczak, Lansing Community College

Dave Welch, Franklin University

Jean Wells-Jessup, Howard University

Christopher Widmer, Tidewater Community College

Gayle Williams, Sacramento City College

Kenneth L. Wild, University of London

Jonathan M. Wild, University of Wisconsin

John Woodward, Polk State College

Wanda Wong, Chabot College

Judy Zander, Grossmont College

The author extends a special thank you to our contributing and technology supplement authors:Contributing Authors: Anita Kroll, University of Wisconsin; Kathleen O'Donnell, Onondaga Community CollegeAccuracy Checkers: Dave Krug, Johnson County Community College; Albert Fisher, College of Southern Nevada; Judy Zander,

Grossmont College; Ann McCarthy, Eastern Carolina University; Mark McCarthy, East Carolina University; Helen Roybark, Radford University; and Barbara Schnathorst

LearnSmart Authors: April Mohr, Jefferson Community and Technical College, SW; Anna Boulware, St. Charles Community College; and Dominique Svarc, William Rainey Harper College

Online Quizzes: Constance Hylton, George Mason UniversityInteractive Presentations: Jeannie Folk, College of DuPage PowerPoint: Anna Boulware, St. Charles Community CollegeInstructor Resource Manual: April Mohr, Jefferson Community and Technical College, SWTest Bank: Laurie Hays, Western Michigan UniversityQuickBooks and Sage 50 Complete Accounting: Carol YachtExcel Templates: Jack Terry

In addition to the helpful and generous colleagues listed above, I thank the entire McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Financial Accounting Fundamentals, 4e team, including Tim Vertovec, Steve Schuetz, Christina Sanders,

Aaron Downey of Matrix Productions, Lori Koetters, Matthew Baldwin, Carol Bielski, Patricia Plumb, Jeremy

Cheshareck, Ron Nelms, Xin Lin, Julie Hankins, and Brian Nacik. I also thank the great marketing and sales

support staff, including Michelle Heaster and Kathleen Klehr. Many talented educators and professionals

worked hard to create the supplements for this book, and for their efforts Im grateful. Finally, many more

people I either did not meet or whose efforts I did not personally witness nevertheless helped to make this

book everything that it is, and I thank them all.

John J. Wild

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Brief Contents 1 Introducing Financial Accounting 2 2 Accounting for Transactions 50 3 Preparing Financial Statements 96 4 Accounting for Merchandising Operations 160 5 Accounting for Inventories 208 6 Accounting for Cash and Internal Controls 256 7 Accounting for Receivables 300 8 Accounting for Long-Term Assets 334 9 Accounting for Current Liabilities 37610 Accounting for Long-Term Liabilities 42011 Accounting for Equity 46412 Accounting for Cash Flows 50813 Interpreting Financial Statements 562Appendix A Financial Statement Information A-1Appendix B Time Value of Money BAppendix C Investments and International Operations C *Appendix D Accounting for Partnerships *Appendix E Accounting with Special Journals

* Appendices D&E are available on the books Website, mhhe.com/wildFAF4e, and as print copy from a McGraw-Hill representative.

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Contents

xxvi

Preface v

1 Introducing Financial Accounting 2

Importance of Accounting 4Users of Accounting Information 5Opportunities in Accounting 6

Fundamentals of Accounting 7EthicsA Key Concept 7Fraud Triangle 8Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 9International Standards 9Conceptual Framework and Convergence 10SarbanesOxley (SOX) 13Dodd-Frank 14

Transaction Analysis and the Accounting Equation 15

Accounting Equation 15Transaction Analysis 16Summary of Transactions 19

Financial Statements 20Income Statement 20Statement of Retained Earnings 20Balance Sheet 20Statement of Cash Flows 22

Global View 22Decision AnalysisReturn on Assets 23Appendix 1A Return and Risk Analysis 27Appendix 1B Business Activities and the Accounting

Equation 27

2 Accounting for Transactions 50

Analyzing and Recording Process 52Source Documents 52The Account and Its Analysis 53

Analyzing and Processing Transactions 56Ledger and Chart of Accounts 56Debits and Credits 57Double-Entry Accounting 57

Journalizing and Posting Transactions 58Analyzing TransactionsAn Illustration 61Accounting Equation Analysis 65

Trial Balance 67Preparing a Trial Balance 67Using a Trial Balance to Prepare Financial Statements 68

Global View 70Decision AnalysisDebt Ratio 71

3 Preparing Financial Statements 96

Timing and Reporting 98The Accounting Period 98Accrual Basis versus Cash Basis 99Recognizing Revenues and Expenses 100

Adjusting Accounts 100Frameworks for Adjustments 100Prepaid (Deferred) Expenses 101Unearned (Deferred) Revenues 104Accrued Expenses 105Accrued Revenues 107Links to Financial Statements 109Adjusted Trial Balance 110

Preparing Financial Statements 110Closing Process 112

Temporary and Permanent Accounts 112Recording Closing Entries 112Post-Closing Trial Balance 114Accounting Cycle 116

Classified Balance Sheet 117Classification Structure 117Classification Categories 118

Global View 120Decision AnalysisProfit Margin and Current

Ratio 121Appendix 3A Alternative Accounting for

Prepayments 125Appendix 3B Work Sheet as a Tool 127Appendix 3C Reversing Entries 129

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4 Accounting for Merchandising Operations 160

Merchandising Activities 162Reporting Income for a Merchandiser 162Reporting Inventory for a Merchandiser 163Operating Cycle for a Merchandiser 163Inventory Systems 163

Accounting for Merchandise Purchases 164Purchase Discounts 165Purchase Returns and Allowances 166Transportation Costs and Ownership Transfer 167

Accounting for Merchandise Sales 169Sales of Merchandise 169Sales Discounts 170Sales Returns and Allowances 170

Completing the Accounting Cycle 172Adjusting Entries for Merchandisers 172Preparing Financial Statements 173Closing Entries for Merchandisers 173Summary of Merchandising Entries 173

Financial Statement Formats 174Multiple-Step Income Statement 175Single-Step Income Statement 176Classified Balance Sheet 176

Global View 177Decision AnalysisAcid-Test and Gross Margin

Ratios 178Appendix 4A Periodic Inventory System 183Appendix 4B Work SheetPerpetual System 187

5 Accounting for Inventories 208

Inventory Basics 210Determining Inventory Items 210Determining Inventory Costs 211Internal Controls and Taking a Physical Count 211

Inventory Costing under a Perpetual System 211Inventory Cost Flow Assumptions 212Inventory Costing Illustration 213Specific Identification 213First-In, First-Out 215Last-In, First-Out 215Weighted Average 216Financial Statement Effects of Costing Methods 218Consistency in Using Costing Methods 219

Valuing Inventory at LCM and the Effects of Inventory Errors 219

Lower of Cost or Market 219Financial Statement Effects of Inventory Errors 220

Global View 222Decision AnalysisInventory Turnover and Days

Sales in Inventory 223Appendix 5A Inventory Costing under a Periodic

System 229Appendix 5B Inventory Estimation Methods 234

6 Accounting for Cash and Internal Controls 256

Internal Control 258Purpose of Internal Control 258Principles of Internal Control 259Technology and Internal Control 261Limitations of Internal Control 262

Control of Cash 263Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Liquidity 263Cash Management 264Control of Cash Receipts 264Control of Cash Disbursements 266

Banking Activities as Controls 270Basic Bank Services 270Bank Statement 272Bank Reconciliation 273

Global View 276Decision AnalysisDays Sales Uncollected 277Appendix 6A Documentation and Verification 280Appendix 6B Control of Purchase

Discounts 283

7 Accounting for Receivables 300

Accounts Receivable 302Recognizing Accounts Receivable 302Valuing Accounts ReceivableDirect Write-Off Method 306Valuing Accounts ReceivableAllowance Method 307Estimating Bad DebtsPercent of Sales Method 308Estimating Bad DebtsPercent of Receivables

Method 309Estimating Bad DebtsAging of Receivables Method 310

Contents xxvii

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xxviii Contents

Notes Receivable 312Computing Maturity and Interest 312Recognizing Notes Receivable 313Valuing and Settling Notes 314

Disposal of Receivables 315Selling Receivables 315Pledging Receivables 315

Global View 316Decision AnalysisAccounts Receivable Turnover 317

8 Accounting for Long-Term Assets 334

SECTION 1PLANT ASSETS 336Cost Determination 337

Land 337Land Improvements 338Buildings 338Machinery and Equipment 338Lump-Sum Purchase 338

Depreciation 339Factors in Computing Depreciation 339Depreciation Methods 340Partial-Year Depreciation 344Change in Estimates for Depreciation 345Reporting Depreciation 345

Additional Expenditures 346Ordinary Repairs 347Betterments and Extraordinary Repairs 347

Disposals of Plant Assets 348Discarding Plant Assets 348Selling Plant Assets 348

SECTION 2NATURAL RESOURCES 350Cost Determination and Depletion 350Plant Assets Used in Extracting 351

SECTION 3INTANGIBLE ASSETS 351Cost Determination and Amortization 351Types of Intangibles 352

Global View 354Decision AnalysisTotal Asset Turnover 355Appendix 8A Exchanging Plant Assets 358

9 Accounting for Current Liabilities 376

Characteristics of Liabilities 378Defining Liabilities 378Classifying Liabilities 378Uncertainty in Liabilities 379

Known Liabilities 380Accounts Payable 380Sales Taxes Payable 380Unearned Revenues 381Short-Term Notes Payable 381Payroll Liabilities 383Multi-Period Known Liabilities 386

Estimated Liabilities 387Health and Pension Benefits 387Vacation Benefits 388Bonus Plans 388Warranty Liabilities 388Multi-Period Estimated Liabilities 389

Contingent Liabilities 390Accounting for Contingent Liabilities 390Reasonably Possible Contingent Liabilities 390Uncertainties that Are Not Contingencies 391

Global View 391Decision AnalysisTimes Interest Earned Ratio 392Appendix 9A Payroll Reports, Records,

and Procedures 395Appendix 9B Corporate Income Taxes 401

10 Accounting for Long-Term Liabilities 420

Basics of Bonds 422Bond Financing 422Bond Trading 423Bond-Issuing Procedures 424

Bond Issuances 424Issuing Bonds at Par 424Bond Discount or Premium 425Issuing Bonds at a Discount 425Issuing Bonds at a Premium 428Bond Pricing 430

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Contents xxix

Bond Retirement 431Bond Retirement at Maturity 431Bond Retirement before Maturity 431Bond Retirement by Conversion 432

Long-Term Notes Payable 432Installment Notes 433Mortgage Notes and Bonds 434

Global View 435Decision AnalysisDebt Features and the Debt-to-

Equity Ratio 436Appendix 10A Present Values of Bonds and Notes 440Appendix 10B Effective Interest Amortization 442Appendix 10C Issuing Bonds between Interest

Dates 444Appendix 10D Leases and Pensions 446

11 Accounting for Equity 464Corporate Form of Organization 466

Characteristics of Corporations 466Corporate Organization and Management 467Stockholders of Corporations 468Basics of Capital Stock 469

Common Stock 470Issuing Par Value Stock 470Issuing No-Par Value Stock 471Issuing Stated Value Stock 472Issuing Stock for Noncash Assets 472

Dividends 473Cash Dividends 473Stock Dividends 474Stock Splits 476

Preferred Stock 476Issuance of Preferred Stock 477Dividend Preference of Preferred Stock 477Convertible Preferred Stock 478Callable Preferred Stock 479Reasons for Issuing Preferred Stock 479

Treasury Stock 480Purchasing Treasury Stock 480Reissuing Treasury Stock 481Retiring Stock 482

Reporting of Equity 482Statement of Retained Earnings 482Statement of Stockholders Equity 483Reporting Stock Options 483

Global View 484Decision AnalysisEarnings per Share, Price-

Earnings Ratio, Dividend Yield, and Book Value per Share 485

12 Accounting for CashFlows 508

Basics of Cash Flow Reporting 510Purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows 510Importance of Cash Flows 510Measurement of Cash Flows 511Classification of Cash Flows 511Noncash Investing and Financing 513Format of the Statement of Cash Flows 513Preparing the Statement of Cash Flows 514

Cash Flows from Operating 516Indirect and Direct Methods of Reporting 516Application of the Indirect Method of Reporting 517Summary of Adjustments for Indirect Method 522

Cash Flows from Investing 523Three-Stage Process of Analysis 523Analysis of Noncurrent Assets 523Analysis of Other Assets 524

Cash Flows from Financing 525Three-Stage Process of Analysis 525Analysis of Noncurrent Liabilities 525Analysis of Equity 526Proving Cash Balances 527

Global View 527Decision AnalysisCash Flow Analysis 528Appendix 12A Spreadsheet Preparation of the Statement

of Cash Flows 532Appendix 12B Direct Method of Reporting Operating

Cash Flows 535

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xxx Contents

13 Interpreting Financial Statements 562

Basics of Analysis 564Purpose of Analysis 564Building Blocks of Analysis 564Information for Analysis 565Standards for Comparisons 565Tools of Analysis 566

Horizontal Analysis 566Comparative Statements 566Trend Analysis 569

Vertical Analysis 571Common-Size Statements 571Common-Size Graphics 573

Ratio Analysis 574Liquidity and Efficiency 575Solvency 579

Profitability 580Market Prospects 581Summary of Ratios 582

Global View 584Decision AnalysisAnalysis Reporting 584Appendix 13A Sustainable Income 588

Appendix A Financial Statement Information A-1 Polaris A-2 Arctic Cat A-10 KTM A-14 Piaggio A-18

Appendix B Time Value of Money BAppendix C Investments and International Operations C

*Appendix D Accounting for Partnerships*Appendix E Accounting with Special Journals

Glossary G

Credits CR

Index IND

Chart of Accounts CA

* Appendices D&E are available on the books Website, mhhe.com/wildFAF4e, and as print copy from a McGraw-Hill representative.

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