wild fire monitoring system
TRANSCRIPT
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Title : Wild Fire Monitoring System
Presented by : Mahlalela John S.
ID No : 133745
Supervisor : Prof P.C Egau
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Abstract
System Overview System Operations
System Modules
Challenges
Conclusion and Recommendations
Questions and Answers
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This presentation will outline the overall design and implementation of WFMS prototype.
Challenges faced during the system development
The finished prototype detects fire, monitor battery conditions of the sensing modules and send warning signals to the host PC. The design of WFMS is based on the following objectives.
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Project Objectives
To use the knowledge of electronics to solve a real life problem
To design a PC based Monitoring Windows Application (GUI).
To design an outdoor fire detecting system.
To transmit warning signals from field to the Monitoring PC.
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WFMS is designed to use wireless sensors to detect and transmit information to the host computer.
Display current status of remote sensors on the forest map.
WFMS have four operation modes as follows.
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The four basic operating conditions depend on the received signal.
1. Normal operation mode
2. Fire Detected mode
3. Power Saving Mode
4. Low Battery mode.
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MAX232 ICMCU
RF ModuleRx
Sen
sor
1
Sen
sor
3
Sen
sor
2
Host PC
Siren
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1. Monitoring Interface GUI developed using VB.
Application features include:
Creating Log files
Sensor location display
Editing and saving log reports.
Clearing of existing alarms
Display of current room temperature.
Indicating received signal strength
Screen Shot of Application
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Serial communication Module
This is the interface between RF module (Receiver ) and the host computer. It includes
1. Microcontroller (PIC18f2550)
2. MAX232 to interface PIC and PC
3. RF receiver module
4. Relay to switch on/off Siren
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SCREEN SHOTS
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The response time of the entire system depends mostly
on the sensor response.
Temperature Sensor response time is one minute
Smoke sensor - as soon as the concentration of smoke increases above 1 V. Output of the sensor depends on air cleanliness nominal value was 0.62 V clean air.
Battery monitor – as soon as power supply voltage falls below 2.7 V.
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WORKING SENSOR
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Sensor calibration
Temperature of steam , Vo = 3.78V
Melting Ice Vo = 1.2V
Change in temp = 0.0258V/ 0C
The average change in sensor output in a normal day was noted to be 0.05 V corresponds to 2 0C per minute. Observed on a period of approximately 4 883 minutes = 81 hrs.
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1.9
1.95
2
2.05
2.1
2.15
2.2
2.25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Se
nso
r O
utp
ut
(Vo
lts)
Time (Minutes)
Temperature Sensor output Vs Time
Temperature
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WFMS detects the presence of fire using two concepts:
Smoke
Rate of temperature change ?Gas Sensor (TGS 2600)
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The circuit uses a transistor as a switch to detect if Vcc goes below 2.7 V and reports to the microcontroller which generate a battery low signal and send it to the transmitter.
Immediately when Vcc goes below 2.7 V the transistor starts conducting thus output voltage Vo = Vcc
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Designing the outdoor fire detection system was not easy
1. Number of sensing module
2. Power consumption was not easy to minimize since each sensor had own power dissipation which must be satisfied.
Scarcity of RF Modules.
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Software on the PIC microcontrollers both on Sensor and receiver side was developed on C using PIC18 C compiler.
The monitoring application software was developed using Visual basic.
Most Challenging work
1. Establishing proper communication between PIC and PC
2. Sensor design and noise elimination at receiver end.
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Although WFMS is a monitoring system designed for commercial forest monitoring, This system can be used for residential fire monitoring , instead of connecting to a computer ,it can be connected to a fire suppressing system .
Overall the objectives set at the beginning were fulfilled and the design of the system seems possible to implement even on large scale forest fire management.
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More work is recommended on the sensor design to improve its efficiency.
PIC to PC interface can be converted to USB since most computers now have USB ports rather than Serial port.
See more recommended work on project report.
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Questions
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THE END
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