wildlife journal summaries

8/14/2019 Wildlife Journal Summaries

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Journal of Comparative Pathology 2008-2009

Wildlife

Histological, Immunohistochemical and Pathological Features of the Pituitary

Gland of Odontocete Cetaceans from the Western Gulf of Mexico- Lesions includedpituicytoma (derived from astrocytes, look like whirling spindle cells), squamous cyst (Rathkes pouchremnant), and colloid cysts.

Histopathology of the Alarm Reaction in Small Odontocetes -- Contraction band

necrosis of cardiac and smooth muscles, smooth muscle spasm, ischemic injury to the

intestinal mucosa (especially the mucosa of the small intestine) and acute tubular necrosis

(ATN) of the proximal tubules of the nephron. The changes are consistent withmultisystemic injury caused by massive release ofendogenous catecholamines or

vasospasm leading to ischemic

injury, followed by reperfusionand reperfusion injury.

Fig. 1. Heart of a melon-headed whale showing

subendocardial pallor

associated with severe ischemicinjury. The right ventricle is

extensively affected, but the

lesion is most obvious as the

yellowish subendocardial zoneof the left

Ventricle

Histopathological Changes inthe Placentas and Fetuses of Mice Infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Isolated from

the Myotis nigricans nigricans Bat- Amastigotes were found in myometrium, placenta, and fetalskeletal muscle. Fetal development was adversely affected. Transplacental transmission occurs in 30% of

cases. Other lesions include fibrinoid vascular necrosis.

Brucella ceti Associated Pathology in the Testicle of a Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena

phocoena) (vol 139 cont)The right testicle (530 g) was enlarged due to the presence of

a large mature multi-loculated abscess with a thick fibrous capsule. This was centred inthe testicle adjacent to the head of the epididymis and extended into the latter

Histopathological Classification of Lesions Observed in Natural Cases of

Paratuberculosis in Free-ranging Fallow Deer (Dama dama) 4 Categories-(1)

Focal lesions-Small granulomas, mainly in thejejunal and ileal lymph nodes. (2)

Multifocal lesions- Well-demarcated granulomas in the intestinal lymphoid tissue and

also in the intestinal lamina propria. (3) Diffuse multibacillary granulomatous

enteritis- There are macrophages and numerous Langhans giant cells containing many

mycobacteria, resulting in macroscopical changes in the normal gut morphology. These

changes were found from the proximal jejunum to the ileocaecal valve, but lesions were


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always particularly severe in the distal jejunum. (4) Diffuse intermediatemultibacillary-lymphocytic granulomatous enteritis): The infiltrate consisted of

lymphocytes, macrophages and Langhans giant cells, with small numbers ofmycobacteria.

Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma with Meningeal Infiltration in a Free-ranging RedDeer (Cervus elaphus): In dogs, oligodendrogliomas are common in brachycephalic

breeds

TRANSIENT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN A RACCOON (PROCYON

LOTOR), Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39(4): 622625, 2008-Obesity is

associated with down-regulation of insulin receptors, receptor internalization, and

reduced receptor binding affinity. This results in elevated blood glucose, leading toeither reversible glucose desensitization or irreversible glucotoxicity, which further

inhibits insulin secretion and causes hydropic degeneration of -cells. Intra-islet

deposition ofamyloid has been reported in humans, cats, and raccoons and has been

proposed as a factor related to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS IN A CAPTIVE HARBOR SEAL (PHOCA

VITULINA) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39(4): 631637, 2008- Eastern equine

encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the family Togaviridae,

genus Alphavirus. Mammals are susceptible to the virus, but do not produce a viremia

sufficient to act as a reservoir host. Passerine birds native to EEEV endemic regions areusually subclinically affected and are the reservoir hosts. Histopathologic evaluation

revealed severe and multifocal encephalitis with leptomeningitis, characterized by

neutrophilic infiltrates in neuropil, neuronal necrosis, satellitosis, neuronophagia, andperivascular cuffs of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Additionally there was

moderate, multifocal, adrenal cortical necrosis.

OLIGODENDROGLIOMA IN AN AFRICAN LION(PANTHERA LEO)Journal of

Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39(4): 650654, 2008 Persistent head tilt, seizures,

progressing to ataxia. Gross necropsy findings - A gelatinous mass in the right cerebralhemisphere extending from the frontal to the occipital lobes. The mass was composed of

polygonal cells surrounding lakes of mucinous material. These cells had clear cytoplasm,

ovoid basophilic nuclei, and inapparent cell processes. Immunoreactivity S100 (+) and

neuronspecific enolase (+) / glial fibrillary acid protein (-), myelin basic protein (-),neurofilament triplet (-) , Vimentin (-) , and Cytokeratin (-). All findings were consistent

with an oligodendroglioma.

INTERTHALAMIC HEMATOMA SECONDARY TO CEREBROVASCULAR

ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN AN AGED GRIZZLY BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS

HORRIBILIS) WITH PRIMARYCARDIAC SCHWANNOMA,Journal of Zoo and

Wildlife Medicine 39(4): 659662, 2008. Blood vessels had degeneration, fragmentation,

and fraying of the internal elastic lamina with prominent intimal proliferations and

plaques formed by small numbers of lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells) that were

intermixed with lymphocytes and plasma cells. Damage to endothelial cells can be


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mediated by a variety of stimuli including dietary factors (i.e., oxidized low-density

lipoproteins [LDLs]), environmental factors (i.e., cigarette smoke), and intrinsic factors

(i.e., hypertension). In response to endothelial cell injury, monocytes and lymphocytesadhere to the areas of damage and localize to the subendothelial zone. The macrophages

are stimulated to take up lipid and foam cells that are characteristic of the atherosclerotic

plaque. The resultant activated macrophage elaborates a wide variety ofcytokines andgrowth factors, resulting in smooth muscle proliferation and formation of a fibrous

intimal plaque.

SARCOPTIC MANGE IN WILD RACCOON DOGS(NYCTEREUTES

PROCYONOIDES) IN KOREAJournal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 39(4): 671673,2008 - Sarcoptes scabiei is characterized by dorsoventrally flattened and round bodies,

sucker-like pulvilli borne on long nonjointed pretarsi, triangular scales and spinelike setaeon the dorsum, and three epimeres that are chitinous extensions of the coxae of the legs.

Gross lesions include erythematous macules, papules, crusts, and alopecia.

Microscopically, the lesions are associated with epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis,

parakeratosis and perivascular dermatitis with mast cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes.

Retrospective Study of Neurological Disease in 118 Rabbits: 78 animals (66.1%) hadinflammatory lesions of the CNS. Encephalitozoonosis was diagnosed in 69 (58.5%) of

these rabbits and 2 animals had herpes simplex virus encephalitis.

Granulomatous Pericarditis Associated with Systemic Mucormycosis in a Finless

Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides):

The hyphae of Mucorales have greater width, obtuse

branching pattern, sparse septation and are thin walled (therefore they might compressand give false septation). There was granulomatouspericarditis, pneumonia and

lympadenitis.

Necrotizing encephalitis of unknown cause in Fennoscandian arctic foxes (Alopex

lagopus). J Vet Diagn Invest 19:113117 (2007). Severe necrotizing encephalitis

affecting mostly the cranial cerebrum, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulbs. Tests forToxoplasma gondii, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Neospora caninum, canine distemper

virus, rabies, adenovirus type 1, Borna disease virus, and Listeria monocytogenes were

negative.


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Toxoplasma gondii in an African crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata). J Vet Diagn

Invest 19:191194 (200). Brain- Protozoal cysts associated with inflammation.

Immunohistochemical staining of brain tissue for Toxoplasma gondii was stronglypositive.

Systemic nocardiosis in a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). J Vet Diagn Invest19:326329 (2007). Enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes, pleural and peritoneal

effusions, and numerous, multifocal to coalescing, yellow, firm nodules with inspissated

pus in the lung, pleura, omentum, liver, heart, adrenal glands, and left kidney.Microscopically, the nodules consisted of foci of pyogranulomatous inflammation.

Microscopic lesions were present in the grossly affected organs as well as spleen and

brain. gram-positive, variably acid fast, beaded and branching filamentous organisms in

the necrotic centers

Abomasal and uterine adenocarcinomas with ovarian metastasis in a captive elk

(Cervus elaphus nelsoni). J Vet Diagn Invest 19:560563 (2007). A captive, 20-year-

old female elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni ) euthanized due to progressive lameness andweight loss . Within the uterus there was a poorly demarcated, multilobulated mass

measuring 10 cm in diameter. Histologically the tumor was an adenocarcinoma.Histologic examination of the ovaries revealed unilateral metastasis. A focal, 1-cm

diameter adenocarcinoma was identified within the abomasum; this tumor was

histologically distinct from the neoplasm found in the uterus and ovary.

Age-related lesions in laboratory-confined raccoons (Procyon lotor) inoculated with

the agent ofchronic wasting disease of mule deer. J Vet Diagn Invest 19:680686

(2007). Spongiform encephalopathy was not observed by light microscopy, and thepresence of abnormal prion protein (PrPd) was not detected by either

Immunohistochemistry or Western blot techniques. Age related lesions observed in these

raccoons included islet-cell pancreatic amyloidosis (5/6), cystic endometrial hyperplasia(3/4), cerebrovascular mineralization (5/6), neuroaxonal degeneration (3/6), transitional-

cell adenoma of the urinary bladder (1/6), and myocardial inclusions (4/6). The latter 2

pathologic conditions were not previously reported in raccoons.

Toxoplasmosis in a woodchuck(Marmota monax) and two American red squirrels

(Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). J Vet Diagn Invest 19:705709 (2007). Woodchuck- acute

subdural hemorrhage over the right cerebral hemisphere. Histologic lesions includedmeningoencephalitis, myocarditis, and hepatitis. Protozoal cysts were present in affected

and unaffected neuroparenchyma. In both squirrels, the lungs were consolidated with

numerous nodules up to 2 mm in diameter. Histologically, pneumonia and encephalitiswere associated with intracellular and free protozoa. Additional histologic lesions

included multifocal lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis with intralesional protozoa in both

squirrels.

Peribiliary cysts associated with severe liver disease: a previously unrecognized

tumor in


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a lion (Panthera leo). J Vet Diagn Invest 19:709712 (2007). Histologically, the

neoplasm was surrounded and composed of compact collagenous tissue. The inner cystic

single layer resembled biliary mucosa and was composed of cuboidal or flattenedepithelial lining that was strongly immunopositive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. This layer

was surrounded by fibrous tissue that stained blue by Massons trichrome staining. Given

the presence of multiple organized cysts in the liver, the lesion was consistent withperibiliary cysts.

Hepatic lipidosis and other test findings in two captive adult porcupines (Erethizon

dorsatum) dying from a sudden death syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest 19:712716

(2007). Routine postmortem examination and histologic evaluation of tissue sections

demonstrated hepatic lipidosis (HL) in 2 adult captive porcupines with a history of

sudden death. The male porcupine had a markedly enlargedpale liver thatmicroscopically showed large unilocular vacuoles within hepatocellular cytoplasm. The

periparturient female had similar but less marked hepatic lesions and an incidental

pulmonary mycosis. May be dietary.

Comparison of retropharyngeal lymph node and obex region of the brainstem in

detection ofchronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J

Vet Diagn Invest 20:5860 (2008). To gain the best diagnostic accuracy for CWD, it

would appear that different cervid species require different tissues to be tested; RLN is

the tissue of choice in testing for CWD in white-tailed and mule deer, whereas elk requireboth obex tissue and RLN to be tested for maximum accuracy.

Prevalence and characterization ofbovine viral diarrhea virus in the white-tailed

deer population in Indiana. J Vet Diagn Invest 20:7174 (2008). The results of the

present study indicate that the prevalence of BVDV in the white-tailed deer population of

Indiana is about 0.3%.

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in two white-tailed deer fawns

persistently infected with Bovine viral diarrhea virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 20:289

296 (2008). The twins died at 1 day of age from trauma unrelated to the infection, and

tissues were collected for histologic and immunohistochemical examination. The most

significant histologic abnormality was diffuse depletion of B-lymphocytes in both fawns.

The BVDV antigen was distributed widely throughout many tissues and cell types, mostnotably epithelium and vascular endothelium, consistent with that reported in cattle. In

contrast to cattle, lymphocytes exhibited only very rare positive staining.

Fatal yersiniosis in farmed deer caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:3

encoding a mannosyltransferase-like protein WbyK. J Vet Diagn Invest 20:356

359 (2008). Histopathologically, the disease was characterized by multifocalpulmonaryhemorrhage and mild interstitial pneumonia, marked diffuse cholangiohepatitis, minimal

myocarditis with mild myocardial degeneration, and mild multifocal suppurative cystic

colitis. The isolates were PCR-positive for genes virF, inv, yopB, and yopH, which are

essential for invasion and colonization of host intestine and lung. The isolates reacted


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with polyclonal antibodies against serotype O:3 antigen. The O-genotyping patterns of

the isolates were identical with each other, but different from those of the 21 O-genotypes

(or serotypes) reported previously. In addition to the O-antigen genes possessed byclassical serotype O:3, a gene (wbyK ) encoding a mannosyltransferase-like protein was

detected in these isolates. The wbyK gene of the isolates showed 94% of DNA sequence

homology with the wbyK gene harbored by Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1b.

Hepatic intranuclear glycogen inclusions in western barred bandicoots (Perameles

bougainville). J Vet Diagn Invest 20:376379 (2008). hepatocyte nuclei characterizedby margination of chromatin and concomitant centralpallor. Periodic acidSchiff reagent

stained 131 of 142 (92%) of these abnormal hepatocyte nuclei. Positive staining was

completely eliminated by diastase pretreatment. Transmission electron microscopy

revealed that abnormal hepatocyte nuclei with marginated chromatin did not contain viralparticles. Rather, glycogen b-particles and a-rosettes were identified. Intranuclear

glycogen is not necessarily pathologic, but can be seen in cases of hypoxia, hepatitis,

diabetes, prednisone treatment or glucose-6-phosphate deficiency.

Malignant catarrhal fever in a captive American bison (Bison bison) in Italy. J Vet

Diagn Invest 20:843846 (2008). Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal, systemicdisease of cattle and other domestic and wild ruminants that, in Europe, is caused by

Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2).

An outbreak ofchronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome caused by

Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot bison (Bison bison). J Vet Diagn Invest 20:369371

(2008). caseonecrotic pneumonia; polyarthritis; and laryngitis. Same as in Cattle.

Mandibular and maxillary osteomyelitis and myositis in a captive herd of red

kangaroos (Macropus rufus). J Vet Diagn Invest 20:846849 (2008). Pseudomonas

spp. was consistently isolated from the sites of infection in all animals.

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with mycotic pneumonia in two juvenile elk

(Cervus elaphus). J Vet Diagn Invest 20:849853 (2008). Radiographs of the lowerlimbs showedperiosteal thickening of the distal extremities, consistent with hypertrophic

osteopathy. Thoracic radiographs indicated the presence ofpulmonary nodules. Cytologic

evaluations of tracheal washes on both elk were consistent with inflammation. Acid-fast

stains on both samples were negative. Because of the poor prognosis, both elk wereeuthanized. At necropsy, the carpal, metacarpal, tarsal, and metatarsal bones, as well as

the radius, ulna, and tibia had thickening of cortical bone. There were multiple

encapsulated nodules throughout the lungs, lymph nodes, and kidney, and smallernodules in the myocardium. On microscopic examination, these nodules contained

myriads of hyphae, and immunohistochemistry for Aspergillus sp. was strongly positive.

Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from affected tissue in 1 elk.

Tail Root Osteosarcoma in a Chipmunk(Tamias sibiricus). Vet Pathol 44:392394

(2007). Histologically, the excised mass showed proliferation ofspindle-to-polyhedral

cells and abundant multinucleated giant cells, with the production ofneoplastic osteoid.


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Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive forvimentin and weakly positive

for osteocalcin. Osteoid was also positive for osteocalcin. This tumor was diagnosed as a

giant celltype osteosarcoma.

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in a pet Korean

squirrel (Sciuris vulgaris coreae). Vet Pathol 44:123125 (2007). Grossly, multiplesmall nodules in the lung, liver, spleen, and skin. necrosis and calcification in an

enlarged bronchial lymph node.

Escherichia coli Septicemia Associated with Lack of Maternally Acquired Immunity

in a Bottlenose Dolphin Calf. Vet Pathol 44:8892 (2007). Lesions included

omphalitis, synovitis, and hepatic necrosis associated with the presence of Gram-negative

bacilli. Aserum gammaglobulin level of 1.5 g/L indicated a lack of maternally acquiredimmunity.

Teratoma of the Umbilical Cord in a Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata).

Vet Pathol 44:204206 (2007). Histologically, the mass contained 3 germinal tissuecomponents with areas of squamous epithelium, respiratory epithelium, primitive neural

tissues, glial tissue, peripheral nerve, adipose tissue, cartilage, and smooth muscle.

Histologic Features ofMammary Carcinomas in Zoo Felids Treated with

Melengestrol Acetate (MGA) Contraceptives. Vet Pathol 44:320326 (2007). These

results indicate that mammary carcinomas in zoo felids are high grade with apredominant tubulopapillary pattern and aggressive behavior. Five of 17 carcinomas

expressedprogesterone receptors, and 1 of 17 expressed estrogen receptors. Although

more zoo felids with cancer had been exposed to MGA in this study, mammarycarcinomas were similar in appearance and behavior in untreated and MGA-treated zoo

felids.

Canine Adenovirus Type 1 Infection of a Eurasian River Otter (Lutra lutra). Vet

Pathol 44:536539 (2007). The liver was found to be swollen and friable

Microscopically, there was multifocal hepatic necrosis. with large basophilic intranuclearinclusions. Transmission electron microscopy revealed characteristic hexagonal virus

particles sized approximately 70 nm in diameter in the nuclei of the hepatocytes.

Aleutian Disease in Two Domestic Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Vet Pathol44:687690 (2007). Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) is known to infect several

members of the Mustelidae family, with mink and ferrets being the most commonly

reported hosts. Aleutian disease (AD) in adult animals is characterized by

hypergammaglobulinemia and immune- complex disease. The most common form of

AD involves a persistent infection due to the inability of the host immune response to

neutralize and eliminate the virus. Lymphoplasmacyticinfiltration ofvarious organs,

immune complex deposits in blood vessels, and severe mesangioproliferative

glomerulonephritis ultimately lead to death.


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Internal Hydrocephalus and Associated Periventricular Encephalitis in a Young

Fox. Vet Pathol 44:713716 (2007). inflammatory and necrotizing lesions were

observed in periventricular sites associated with diverticula and cleft formation inperithalamic areas and rhinencephalic cortex. Immunolabeling for Toxoplasma gondii,

Neospora caninum, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, canine distemper virus, and rabies virus

was negative.

Prevalence, distribution and pathological significance of the bile fluke Pseudamphistomum

truncatum in Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in Great Britain. Veterinary Record(2009) 164,

397-401.There was a strong positive correlation between bile fluke infection and gall bladderpathology. Thirty otters had thickened gall bladders resulting from hyperplasia of the epithelial

and smooth muscle layers, fibrosis and infiltration by lymphocytes. Liver pathology ranged from

mildbile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis to severe sclerosing cholangitis with

lymphocytes and eosinophils, hepatocyte necrosis and bile stasis

Fatal candidiasis in a wild red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris).Veterinary Record(2009) 164, 342-

343Tongue: Hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and necrosis of the epithelium over the dorsocaudal

third. Yeast forms were seen on the surface (PAS). Lesions also had large numbers ofblastospores and pseudohyphae extending deeper into the epithelium. The mucosal surface of the

esophagus was covered in a thick layer of necrotic cellular debris, bacteria and masses of

blastospores and developing pseudohyphae. As the pseudohyphae radiated outwards through the

submucosa, almost reaching the inner circular muscle, they were transformed into longer,

branching hyphae. The histopathological lesions ofproliferative glossitis and necrotizing

oesophagitis associated with invading pseudohyphae and hyphae were consistent with a diagnosis

of candidiasis. PCR was positive for Candida albicans.

Pathological Features of Amyloidosis in Stranded California Sea Lions: Amyloidosiswas diagnosed in 26 stranded adult California sea lions between 1983 and 2006 by

retrospective case analysis. The kidneys (92.3%),blood vessels (80.7%) and thyroid

glands (65.4%) most commonly affected. The amyloid deposits were identified as typeamyloid A (AA) Concurrent diseases, including inflammatory processes and genital

carcinoma, were common in affected animals.

Parvovirus Infection in a Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) and in a EuropeanWildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris)


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Gross and microscopical findings in the two non-domestic felids wereconsistent with feline parvovirus infection and this was confirmed byimmunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction.

Histopathological Examination of the Pancreas ofthe Koala(Phascolarctos cinereus)

Disorders not previously reported in the pancreas of koalas: inflammation andnecrosis; atrophy and fibrosis of exocrine pancreatic tissue; lymphosarcoma;pancreatic heterotopy; and ductal adenocarcinoma.

Cutaneous Papillomatosis and Carcinomatosis in the Western Barred Bandicoot Vet Path 2008 Jan:

Multicentricproliferative lesions involving cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. Grosslyand histologically the

smaller skin lesions resembled papillomas,whereas the larger lesions were squamous cell carcinomas.No

etiologic agent was identified in skin lesions. Large amphophilic intranuclear inclusionbodies were

observed in hyperplastic conjunctival lesions, which were papillomavirus inclusions.

High-Grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Mandibular Salivary Gland in a LionVet Path 2008Jan: Histo Dx of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma requiresthe identification of the three characteristic cell

types (i.e.,mucous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells), which are presentin varying proportions. The

tumorcells are positive forpanCK, negative for S100 protein, alwaysnegative for -SMA, and partially

positive for p63 (basal, intermediate,and squamous cells express p63, in contrast to luminal cells).Peripheral tumor cells in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and tumorstroma are positive for Vimentin.

Experimental Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) of Elk , White-tailed Deer and Mule

Deer to White-tailed Deer by Intracerebral Route Vet Path 2008 May: CWD is a transmissible

spongiformencephalopathy (TSE) or prion disease identifiedin captive and free-ranging cervids, namely

mule deer, black-tailed deer,white-tailed deer, Rocky Mountain elk and moose. Affected animals show

accumulation of an abnormal,disease-associated form of prion protein (PrPd) in tissues ofthe CNS and

lymphatic system. Conclusion: 3 sources of CWD prion (from elk, white tailed deer and mule deer) did notinduce significant differences in time, signs and lesions to clinical disease.

Harderian Gland Neoplasms in Captive, Wild-caught Beechey Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus

beecheyi ) Vet Path 2008 May: The Harderian gland is a bilobed, tubuloalveolar accessory lacrimal

gland, found in many vertebrate groups such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, including

various species of laboratory rodents. The gland is located within the medial part of the orbit, and itsecretes onto the surface of the nictitating membrane. The mammalian Harderian gland secretion is

primarily composed of lipids; however, in rodents, the gland also produces porphyrins and

inoleamines. The Beechey ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) has been studied as a model

of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection because of the occurrence of a natural infection with

ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV), a member of the hepadnavirus family along with HBV and

woodchuck hepatitis virus

Amyloidosis in Black-footed Cats (Felis nigripes) Vet Path 2008 May: systemic amyloidosis.

amyloidosis was the most common cause of death. Amyloid deposition was most severe in the renal

medullary interstitium and glomeruli. splenic follicular germinal centers , gastric lamina propria (9/23,

39%), and intestinal lamina propria , strong immunoreactivity for canine AA protein (Non-inflammatory/Idiopathic).


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Trophoblast-like Cells in the Tissues of Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) Vet Path 2008 May:

Microscopic examinations revealed the presence ofgiant epitheloid cells in various tissues (adrenal glands,

spleen, liver, and lungs) of 4 (11%) female animals. These giant cells were approximately 20 times the size

of the surrounding cells of the parenchyma. The cells were found singly and were not associated with any

inflammatory cellular infiltrate and appeared to be located within vascular lumina. Morphologically thesecells were typical of uterine epitheloid trophoblasts.

Neuronal Migration Defect: A Case ofSubcortical Heterotopia in a California Sea Lion Vet Path

2008 May: right cerebral hemispheric white matter was expanded by numerous irregularly shaped, pale

pink nodules up to 10 mm in diameter. The overlying cortex was characterized by increased

numbers of small, poorly developed gyri with shallow, often indistinct, sulci (polymicrogyria).

Microscopically, nodules were composed of neurons, oligodendroglia, microglia, and supporting

neuropil and were well delineated from the surrounding white matter. The gross, histological, and

Immunohistochemical features of this lesion are consistent with a neuronal migration defect resulting in

unilateral subcortical heterotopia.

Quantitative Analysis of the 2002 Phocine Distemper Epidemic in The Netherlands. Vet Pathol

45:516530 (2008). The most frequent lesions in PDV cases were bronchopneumonia, broncho-

interstitial pneumonia, and interstitial emphysema. Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from lungs in

two thirds of the PDV cases. brain should be included among the tissues tested for PDV by RT-PCR

Anaplastic Astrocytoma in the Spinal Cord of an African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris).

Vet Pathol 45:934938 (2008). A diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma was confirmed using

immunohistochemical stains that were positive forglial fibrillary acidic protein and S100. pleomorphic

polygonal to spindle shaped cells, mineralization, and necrosis.

Diagnostic Exercise: Astrocytoma with Involvement of Medulla Oblongata, Spinal Cord, and Spinal

Nerves in a Raccoon (Procyon lotor). Vet Pathol 45:949951 (2008). astrocytoma that involved

medulla, cervical spinal cord, and roots of the cervical spinal nerves. Microscopically, the neoplastic cells

revealed some pleomorphism

but generally had fusiform morphology and showed moderate numbers of mitotic figures. Glial fibrillary

acidic protein was demonstrated within the neoplastic cells by immunohistochemistry.

A simple ductal mammary papilloma in a male maned wolf(Chrysocyon

brachyurus). J Vet Diagn Invest 21:153155 (2009). Microscopically, the neoplasm

consisted of papillary proliferations of epithelial cells on well-defined fibrovascular

stalks. A myoepithelial layer was located between the single layer of epithelial cells and

the fibrovascular stalk. This histologic appearance was compatible with a diagnosis ofsimple ductal mammary papilloma. Immunohistochemical staining was positive forp63,

cytokeratins AE1/AE3, and estrogen receptors.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma in the lung of an Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus

aegyptiacus). J Vet Diagn Invest 21:160163 (2009). Both carcinomatous and

sarcomatous cytologic phenotypes were identified histologically. Cells ofboth typesstained positive for pancytokeratin and S-100. Stromal cells stained positively for muscle

actin. No staining for vimentin was noted in either neoplastic or normal internal control

tissues.

Spontaneous cutaneous mast cell tumor with lymph node metastasis in a

Richardsons ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii ). J Vet Diagn Invest

21:156159 (2009). Histologically, the nodules were composed of a proliferation of


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spindloid to pleomorphic cells that sometimes formed sheets and fascicular to storiform

patterns. Diffuse infiltration ofeosinophils was also noted. The results of

immunohistochemistry indicated positive labeling for vimentin, mast cell tryptase, c-kit,and Ki-67. Toluidine blue stain revealed fine, metachromatic, cytoplasmic granules. The

histologic diagnosis was mast cell tumor.

Systemic Conidiobolus incongruus infection and hypertrophic osteopathy in a

white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Vet Diagn Invest 21:167170 (2009).

bilateral firmproliferation of the metatarsal diaphyses, and a large intrathoracic massassociated with the accessory lung lobe. Smaller masses were evident in the abomasum,

duodenum, omentum, and the capsular surface of the liver. Microscopically, the masses

were similar and were diagnosed as eosinophilic granulomas with intralesional fungal

hyphae characteristic of Zygomycetes spp. Fungal hyphae were identified asConidiobolus incongruous.

Systemic toxoplasmosis and Gram-negative sepsis in a southern chamois (Rupicapra

pyrenaica) from the Pyrenees in northeast Spain. J Vet Diagn Invest 21:244247(2009). Histopathologic examination revealed systemic toxoplasmosis and acute Gram-

negative septicemia. The protozoan organisms were identified as Toxoplasma gondiibased on immunohistochemistry. An indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed,

and the animal was positive with an antibody titer of 1:50

Pneumonia from Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a red panda (Ailurus fulgens

fulgens). J Vet Diagn Invest 21:270273 (2009). The lungs were diffusely

consolidated with extensive mineralization. Microscopically, there was extensive

obliteration of normal pulmonary architecture by sheets and coalescing nodules ofpartially mineralized fibrous tissue and granulomatous inflammation centered on large

numbers of nematode larvae and eggs. First stage nematode larvae were isolated from

lung tissue and were characterized as Angiostrongylus vasorum on the basis of theirmorphology.

Cover illustration: Clinico-pathologic Features of Fatal Disease Attributed toNew Variants of

Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses in Two Asian Elephants: A new EEHV virus named EEHV-3 was

identified and was same to EEHV1 and 2 in causing ascites, edema, and petechiae however was different in

causing renal medullary hemorrhages, and was seen in large veins, arteries, capillaries and involvement of

retinal vessels (as compared to EEHV 1 and 2 which were present only in capillaries)

Characterization of a Degenerative Cardiomyopathy Associated with Domoic Acid Toxicity in

California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus): degenerative cardiomyopathy in California sea lions

represents another syndrome beyond central neurologic disease associated with exposure to domoic acid (is

a potent neurotoxic analog of the neurotransmitter L-glutamate) HIsto: myocardial necrosis and interstitial

edema


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Comparative Pathology ofNocardiosis in Marine Mammals:The most common presentation of

nocardiosis in both pinnipedsand cetaceans was the systemic form, involving 2 or more organs.Organs

most frequently affected were lung and thoracic lymphnodes in 7 of 9 cases in pinnipeds and 8 of 10 cases

in cetaceans.

Gas Bubbles in Seals, Dolphins, and Porpoises Entangled and Drowned at Depth in Gillnets. Vet

Pathol 46:536547 (2009). that peri- or postmortem phase change of supersaturated blood and tissues is

most likely. Studies have suggested that under some circumstances, diving mammals are routinely

supersaturated and that these mammals presumably manage gas exchange and decompression anatomically

and behaviorally

Nocardia otitidiscaviarum Pneumonia in an Alpine Chamois (chamois is a

European wild ungulate of the Bovid family) J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 141, 70-73.Nocardia

otitidiscaviarum was cultured from the lung of an Alpine chamois with suppurative

bronchopneumonia.

Iron Distribution in the Liver and Duodenum during Seasonal Iron Overload in

Svalbard Reindeer J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 141, 27e40: Seasonal iron overload in Svalbard

reindeer was studied by light and electron microscopy and by X-ray microanalysis. Thehepatic iron overload was of two types. The first type was characterized by massive

siderosis of both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells caused by a diet very rich in

iron but low in energy and protein.Hepatocytes contained a moderate amount of free ferritin particles in the cytosol together

with numerous siderosomes. The second type was characterized by massive non-

parenchymal (Kupffer cells) siderosis caused by an energy- and protein-poor diet withnormal iron conc. Hepatocytes contained little cytosolic ferritin and few siderosomes, but

there were abundant electron-dense bodies without iron (i.e., autophagosomes).

Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 DNA and E5 Oncoprotein Expression in Water Buffalo

Fibropapillomas. Vet Pathol 46:636641 (2009). BPV-1/2 may also infect other species such as

equids, inducing fibroblastic tumors. BPV-1 and BPV-2 are associated with fibropapillomas in cattle; these

tumors are formed by excessive proliferation of virus-infected dermal fibroblasts and epidermal

keratinocytes. The BPV-1 E5 oncoprotein was strongly expressed in the tumor cells thus confirming

a causal role of the virus. This article represents the first report ofcutaneous, perivulvar, and vulvar

fibropapilloma associated with BPV-1 infection in the water buffalo and describes another example of

cross-species infection by BPV-1.

Tumor Morphology and Immunohistochemical Expression ofEstrogen Receptor, Progesterone

Receptor, p53, and Ki67 in Urogenital Carcinomas of California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus).

Vet Pathol 46:642655 (2009). The etiology of this cancer is likely multifactorial, with viral infection,

genetic factors, and exposure to environmental organochlorine contaminants. Ki67 index and p53

expression increased with lesion grade and were higher in lesions than normal epithelium. Metastatic

tumors exhibited highly variable morphology; however, proliferation index, ER a, PR, and p53 expression

were similar in tumors with different patterns of growth.


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Polycystic Kidney Disease in Adult Brazilian Agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina). Vet

Pathol 46:656661 (2009). The animals had macroscopic bilateral alterations of the

kidneys ranging from granulated surfaces to severe polycystic changes. Microscopicexamination revealed multifocal to generalized, moderate to severe cystic dilatations

ofBowmans capsules and renal tubules, moderate mesangial and capsular proliferation

of the renal corpuscles, mild interstitial fibrosis, and mild to moderate interstitiallympho-plasmacytic infiltrations.

Cutaneous and Systemic Poxviral Disease in Red (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and

Gray (Sciurus carolinensis) Squirrels. Vet Pathol 46:667672 (2009). Alopecic

cutaneous nodules two had pulmonary nodules. Epidermal hyperplasia, with

ballooning degeneration , spongiosis, and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions,

atypical mesenchymal cells with cytoplasmic inclusions. Additional findingsincluded pulmonary adenomatous hyperplasia with cytoplasmic inclusions, renal

tubular epithelial hyperplasia with cytoplasmic inclusions, atypical mesenchymal

proliferation in the liver, and atypical mesenchymal proliferation with cytoplasmic

inclusions in the seminal vesicles. Ultrastructurally, poxviral particles were observed inskin scrapings and sections of cutaneous and pulmonary nodules. Leporipoxvirus-

Squirrel Pox virus.

Entamoeba invadens Myositis in a Common Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus

salvator). Vet Pathol 46:673676 (2009). Subacute ulcerated skin wounds. Gross

examination revealed multiple discrete to coalescing, white-yellow to gray, caseous fociscattered in the skeletal muscles and liver. The mucosa of small intestine was thickened,

red, MF ulcers, with depressed and hemorrhagic centers. Histopathologic examination

revealed severe necrotizing and granulomatous myositis, hepatitis, and enteritisaccompanied by large numbers of intralesional, 1020-mm diameter,periodic acid

Schiff-positive, amoeboid protozoa.

Histopathologic criteria to confirm white-nose syndrome in bats. J Vet Diagn Invest

21:411414 (2009). White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a cutaneous fungal disease of

hibernating bats associated with a novel Geomyces sp. fungus. Invasion of living tissuedistinguishes this fungal infection from those caused by conventional transmissible

dermatophytes. There is typically no cellular inflammatory response in hibernating bats.

Fungal hyphae form cup-like epidermal erosions and ulcers in the wing membrane and

pinna with involvement of underlying connective tissue. In addition, fungal hyphae arepresent in hair follicles and in sebaceous and apocrine glands of the muzzle with invasion

of tissue surrounding adnexa. Fungal hyphae in tissues arebranching and septate, with

parallel walls measuring 2 mm in diameter to irregular walls measuring 35 mm indiameter. When present on short aerial hyphae, curved conidia are approximately 2.5 mm

wide and 7.5 mm in curved length. Conidia have a more deeply basophilic center,

and one or both ends are usually blunt.

Characterization ofCervidpoxvirus isolates from Oregon, California, and eastern

Canada. J Vet Diagn Invest 21:487492 (2009). Poxviridae Chordopoxvirinae

Orthopox/ Parapox/ Capripox / Suipox / Avipox genus/ Cervidpox (new) genus. The


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cervidpox genus is related to Parapox genus, but is distinct in that it encodes proteins

similar to cellular endothelins, interleukin 1 receptor antagonists (IL- 1Ra), C-type lectin-

like receptors (CTLR), and the major histocompatibility complex-1 (MHC-1). One strainhad DNA for transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1) which is found in Avipox genus.

Deerpox Virus is the disease/ synonym caused by these Cervidpoxviruses. Deer can also

be infected by Ortho and Parapoxviruses.

Renal tubular-cell neoplasms in black-footed ferrets 38 cases. pp276-80. May 2006[Beth Williams an author]

- Captive adults (repopulation project), 21% prevalence (very hi); this tumor rare indomestic ferret

- Rare mets, usu. incidental postmortem findings, only 8% w/CS prior; prevalence incdw/age; most in postreproductive years, so no f/x on captive propagation; no hormonal

influence, no familial pattern (undtmned cause)

- Multiple tumors common; 18% w/bilateral; tubular cell neoplasia; couldnt tell benign

vs. malignant- Homogenous, firm, white to yellow, w/central necrosis/hemorrhage; densely cellular

nests of rudimentary tubular structures, separated by moderate fibrous stroma; commonosseous metaplasia (trabeculae)

The 2000 canine distemper epidemic in Caspian seals: pathology & analysis of

contributory factors. pp321-38. May 2006 COVER MT- 10K dead seals in Caspian sea in 1 summer, following very mild winter;MF

pulmonary consolidation in both lungs

- Similar to K9 distemper: broncho-interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic necrosis &lymphoid depletion, ICIB in multiple epithelia

- Degeneration/necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium, w/sloughing & vacuolation; infiltrate

of neuts & lymphocytes; many bronchiolar ep cells w/ICIB; found Morbillivirus Ag- Only other viral lesion identified was poxvirus-associateddermatitis (in one seal)

- Concurrent bacterial dz:Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus phocae, Salmonelladublin, S. choleraesuis, plus other infectious & parasitic orgs

West Nile Flavivirus polioencephalomyelitis in a harbor seal. pp58-61. Jan 2006 JTP

- WNV: Flavirus; transmitted by mosquitos; febrile, sometimes fatal illness

- progressive neuro dysfunction- gross: hyperemia of brainstem & spinal cord vessels

- histo: nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis with glial nodules, spheroids,

neuronophagia, ring hemorrhages, a few neutrophils; mostly grey matter ofbrainstem &spinal cord; no lesions in other organs

- neurons, fibers, glial nodules with multifocal positivity with intracytoplasmic WNV

esp. prominent w/in viable & necrotic neurons of ventral horns- 1st report of WNV in marine mammal; findings similar to WNV infection in horses &

alpacas; dead-end hosts


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Abnormal prion protein in ectopic lymphoid tissue in a kidney of an asymptomatic

white-tailed deer experimentally inoculated w/the agent of chronic wasting disease

(CWD). pp367-69. May 2006 AR

CWD in deer & elkaccum. of abnormal prion protein (PrPres) in nervous & lymphoid

tissue

This report: PrPres

in ectopic lymphoid follicles in kidney of a white-tailed-deer 10months after experimental infection with CWD

Spongiform lesions in CNS; PrPres in CNS, lymphoid tissue, & lymphoid follicles in

kidney

Previous report: PrPres in lymphoid follicles in organs other than CNS & lymphoid

tissues in mice with scrapie

PrPres was not observed by IHC in striated muscles (heart, tongue, masseter,diaphragm) of theexperimental deer

Sudden death associated with Clostridium sordelliiin captive lions. pp370-74. May

2006 NW- The first report of sudden death associated with Clostridium sordellii in felines- Sudden deaths in a group of adult lions with myositis and cellulitis associatedwith acute clostridiosis- Multiple areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in the intestinal outer muscular layer,and cellulitis with an intense bloody edema in the mesenteric and the pericardial fattissue; enteritis-

Listeric meningoencephalomyelitis in a cougar: characterization by histopathologic,

IHC, & molecular methods. pp381-83. May 2006 JTP- Variably severe meningoencephalomyelitis w/lymphocytes, plasma cells, macs &

fewer neutrophils; grey & whitematter; MF rarefaction w/gitter cells & spheroids; perivascularpyogranulomatous

inflammation; rare Gm+ rods- Most severe: mid/hindbrain, cerebellar white matter, spinal cord (esp. L1-L2)

- Listeria monocytogenes an important food-borne pathogen (esp. in ruminants, cause of

encephalitis & uterineinfection/abortion); isolated from brain in this case (in large felids, usu.

septicemic form)

- Histo lesions pathognomonic: microabscesses the hallmark lesion; inflamm usu. mix ofsuppurative & nonsuppurative

- Organism probably reaches brain thru trigeminal or hypoglossal nerves after invading

oral or nasal mucosa(hematogenous spread unlikely)

Herpesvirus infections in rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis). J Vet Diagn Invest

21:531535 (2009). Blepharoconjunctivitis and orofacial ulcers with amphophilic tobasophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, cytomegaly, karyomegaly, and syncytia.

Novel alphaherpesvirus genus Simplexvirus.


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Nephrotoxicosis in Iberian piglets subsequent to exposure to melamine and

derivatives in Spain between 2003 and 2006. J Vet Diagn Invest 21:558563 (2009).

kidneys were enlarged with yellow foci in the cortex and medulla. Microscopically, thesefoci were accumulations of crystals within the lumina of dilated distal tubules and

collecting ducts, causing flattening of the renal tubular epithelial cells. The crystals

displayed a multicolored birefringence under cross-polarized light. The multinucleatedgiant cells surrounding the crystals, interstitial fibrosis. melamine, ammeline, ammelide,

and cyanuric acid.were found.

Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumour in a LumbarVertebra and the Liver of a Dromedary Camel (Camelusdromedarius). J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 141, 182e186. Multipleliver tumours and a intra-osseus mass in the 3rd lumbar vertebra,compressing the spinal cord. Histo- sheets ofprimitive cells, withperivascular pseudorosettes and small numbers of neuroblastic Homer-Wright rosettes. IHC - positive for vimentin and variably positive for

neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Exhibitingneuroblastic, glial and ependymomatous differentiation, probablyreflecting the tumours primitive multipotential neuroepithelial nature.

A Pathological Study ofSepsis Associated with SarcopticMange in Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Japan.J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 141, 177e181. Microscopical lesions ofthe skin were consistent with those described previously in wildlifepopulations with Sarcoptes infection, but secondary lesions were alsopresent in the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, spleen and brain of these

animals. This infection was therefore very similar to crusted scabiesor Norwegian scabies in man and was characterized by severepathology and high mortality, with deaths frequently occurring due tosepsis. Animals are possibly immunocompromised.

Haemorrhages in the pulmonary artery and aortic valve associated with

Streptococcus gallolyticus subspeciesgallolyticus in a roe deerVeterinary Record (2009)

165, 237-239 DDx: Pulmonary artery hemorrhages: Orbivirus, RiftValley fever sheep Heartwater in sheep, Pulpy kidney disease in sheep,Septicaemic pasteurellosis in sheep Haemorrhages of the pulmonaryartery (with unspecified location) have been associated with

adenovirus haemorrhagic disease in deer. And also includeStreptococcusgallolyticus subspeciesgallolyticus induced septicemia, Streptococcus bovis (mink andhumans) Histopathology: Vasculitis characterized by fibrinoid degeneration of thetunica media with intramural and peripheral haemorrhages in blood vessels of the wall of

the pulmonary artery and the myocardium.


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Articular gout and pseudogout in a Basilisk- JZWM 40-3. Urates- Amorphous

eosinophilic surrounded by granulomatous inflammation; Pseudogout (calcium)- fibrillar

crystals surrounded by cartilaginous metaplasia

Fungal keratitis in a Gopher tortoise- JZWM. Bilateral corneal ulceration, Curvularia

and Aspergillus

Fallow Deer- Sida Carpinifolia following- JZWM. Vacuolation of Purkinje cells,

kidneys and pancreas. Lectin histochemistry confirmed lysosomal storage disease, alphamannosidases.

Pathology ofDomoic Acid Toxicity in California Sea Lions: predominantly adult

females were intoxicated by domoic acid (DA) during three harmful algal bloomsbetween 1998 and. Persistent seizures with obtundation were the main clinical findings.

Grossly:piriform lobe malacia, myocardial pallor, bronchopneumonia, and complications

related to pregnancy. Gross findings in animals dying months after intoxication included

bilateral hippocampal atrophy. Histo: Peracutely, there was microvesicular hydropicdegeneration within the neuropil of the hippocampus, amygdala, pyriform lobe, and other

limbic structures. Acutely, there was ischemic neuronal necrosis, particularly apparent inthe granular cells of the dentate gyrus and the pyramidal cells within the hippocampus

cornu ammonis (CA) sectors CA4, CA3, and CA1 with sparing of CA2. DA was

identified in gastric contents, serum and urine. DA is a neurotoxic analog of the

excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate.

Heterotopic Kidney Tissue in the Lung of a Free-living Common Dolphin:

Malignant Seminoma with Metastasis, Sertoli Cell Tumor, and Pheochromocytoma

in a Spotted Dolphin and Malignant Seminoma with Metastasis in a Bottlenose

Dolphin: This is the first report of seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, and pheochromocytomain a dolphin, the first report of three distinct neoplasms in a dolphin, and one of the few

reports of malignant neoplasia in dolphins.

Gas and Fat Embolic Syndrome" Involving a Mass Stranding of Beaked Whales

(Family Ziphiidae) Exposed to Anthropogenic Sonar Signals: whales had severe,

diffuse congestion and hemorrhage, especially around the acoustic jaw fat, ears, brain,

and kidneys. Gas bubbleassociated lesions and fat embolism were observed in thevessels and parenchyma of vital organs.

Chronic Wasting Disease: transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) includingchronic wastingdisease (CWD), are designated prion diseasesbecause of their association with aberrantly refolded isoforms

of the prion protein, a normal cellular glycoprotein (PrPC). C l. signs: weight loss, odontoprisis; sialorrhea,

or excess salivation because of difficulty swallowing; ataxia and head tremors; esophageal dilation and

regurgitation; andaspiration pneumonia. periods of lackof awareness; fixed stare. Pruritus with hair loss,

commonly observed in terminal sheep scrapie, is not a feature of advanced CWD. However, the haircoat of

affected animals can be rough and dry. Grossly: rough hair coat, megaesophagus, emaciation, aspiration

pneumonia (may or may not present), rumen contents watery; Histo: specific histologic lesions are only

observed in gray matter of the CNS. CNS lesions are bilaterally symmetrical and spongiform change is


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obvious; vacuolization occurs in neuronal perikarya and neuronal processes. lesions are most striking in the

dien-cephalon,olfactory cortex, and nuclei of the medulla oblongata, prominentlythe dorsal vagal nucleus.

DDX: hemorrhagic disease (epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue) can cause clinical signs

compatible with CWD. In eastern North America, meningeal worm ( Parelaphostrongylus tenuis),

locoweed intoxication.(in elk).

Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea)induced Lesions in Mule Deer. Locoweeds are plants of the Astragalusand Oxytropis genera that induce a storage disease similar to genetic mannosidosis. Toxicosis is attributed

to swainsonine, an endophyte-produced indolizidine alkaloid Swainsonine inhibits lysosomal -

mannosidase and Golgi mannosidase II, resulting in cellular vacuolation and degeneration Purpose of this

study was to induce and describe chronic locoweed poisoning in deer and compare it with the lesions of

CWD. Poisoneddeer lost weight and developed a scruffy, dull coat. They developed reluctance to move,

and with subtle intention tremors.Poisoned deer had extensive vacuolation of visceral tissues, which was

most severe in the exocrine pancreas. Thyroid follicular epithelium, renal tubular epithelium, and

macrophages in many tissues were mildly vacuolated. The exposed deer also had mild neuronal swelling

and cytoplasmic vacuolation that was most obvious in Purkinje cell. findings indicate that deer are

susceptible to locoweed poisoning, but the lesions differ in severity and distribution from those of other

species. The histologic changes of locoweed poisoningare distinct from those of CWD in deer; however,

the clinicalpresentation of locoweed poisoning in deer is similar.

Morphologic Evidence Suggestive of Hypertension in Western GrayKangaroos(Macropus fuliginosus). Vet Pathol 46:977984 (2009). increased thickness of the

renal arteriolar tunica media with smooth muscle hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia,accumulation of extracellular matrix within arterioles, increased vascular tortuosity,

and varying degrees of juxtaglomerular hyperplasia. arteriolar endothelial cell

hypertrophy and disruption of the medial architecture

Black disease in a forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus): Black disease, also

known as infectious necrotic hepatitis, is caused by the toxin released by Clostridium

novyi type B during proliferation in the liver. Described in cattle, sheep, horse and pig.

Malignant catarrhal fever in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the UK: enlargement ofthe super ficial lymph nodes and mesenteric chain. Mineralised caseous nodules15 cm in

diameter were present on the right cranial pleura, and segmental haemorrhagic

enteropathy in the small intestine. Histo: multisystemic granulomatous inflammatorychanges associated with lymphocytic vasculitis and fibrinoid vasculitis, most pronounced

in the brain, leptomeninges, lymph nodes, adrenal glands and liver, consistent with MC

Naturally Occurring and Melengestrol Acetate-associated Reproductive TractLesions in Zoo Canids. Vet Pathol 46:11171128 (2009). endometrial hyperplasia

(predominantly cystic) (53%), hydrometra (33%), and adenomyosis (25%).

Spontaneous Idiopathic Arteritis of the Testicular Artery in Raccoons (Procyon

lotor). Vet Pathol 46:11291132 (2009). Segmental arteritis confined to the

extratesticular portions of the testicular artery was present in raccoons of all ages. The


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lesions consisted of proliferative endarteritis with presence of inflammatory cells within

the intima, media, and the adventitia.

Meningoencephalitis in a Polar Bear Caused by Equine Herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9). Vet

Pathol 46:11381143 (2009). nonsuppurative pleocytosis of cerebrospinal fluid.

multifocal, random nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis involving most prominentlythe rostral cerebral cortex, as well as the thalamus, midbrain, and rostral medulla. equine

herpesvirus 9.

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