Will robots substitute

teachers?Stanislav Ivanov

Email: stanislav.ivanov@vumk.eu

Web: http://stanislavivanov.com

12thInternational Conference “Contemporary science, business and education”, 27-29 June 2016

Varna University of Management, Bulgaria

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The Author...

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• Editor-in-chief of the European Journal of Tourism Research (http://ejtr.vumk.eu)

• Vice Rector, Varna University of Management, Bulgaria(http://www.vumk.eu)

• Member of the International Association of Tourism Experts (http://www.aiest.org)

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Content

• A short answer

• Brief introduction

• Advantages of robots as teachers

• Disadvantages of robots as teachers

• Drivers of robot substitution of teachers

• Concluding remarks: Challenges and issues of robot substitution of teachers

• Manuscript references

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A short answer

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And a more complex answer now …

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Source: http://vignette4.wikia.nocookie.net/starwars/images/c/c8/Counterparts.jpg

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Source: http://vignette2.wikia.nocookie.net/avp/images/4/49/Terminator.jpg

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Source: http://www.kurzweilai.net/images/robot-thinking-one.png

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Brief introduction

• Robots and artificial intelligence are now used in manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, military operations, agriculture, legal services, etc.

• Robots and artificial intelligence are or may be used at all levels of education (from kindergarten, elementary schools, high schools and universities)and to perform various activities (from administrative tasks like reminding students about forthcoming due dates and answer emails to active teaching assistants

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Advantages of robots as teachers

• Robots work 24/7

• Robots can deliver numerous subjects simultaneously

• Robots provide constant or improving quality of their work

• Robots fulfil their administrative work correctly and in a timely manner

• Robots can repeat the explanations numerous times

• Robots do not discriminate students

• Robots do not complain

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Disadvantages of robots as teachers

• Robots need (at least in the foreseeable future) a human teacher to prepare the course materials

• Robots lack creativity

• Robots might lack personal approach towards individual students and needs

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Drivers of robot substitution of

teachers• Driver 1: The characteristics of teachers’ work

• Driver 2: Increased administrative workload and paperwork and the lack of desire of teachers to follow administrative procedures and protocols

• Driver 3: Rising tuition fees, complaining behaviour of students and parents

• Driver 4: Cost-based thinking of school administrators

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Concluding remarks: Challenges and issues of robot substitution of teachers

• At least in the foreseeable future, AI will not completely substitute the human teachers, but its increasing capabilities would decrease the demand for teachers.

• Robots will take initially the positions of teaching and administrative assistants and then gradually, when the students, parents, teachers, school administrators, and government officials accept this technology, replace most of the teachers in the education institutions

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Concluding remarks: Challenges and issues of robot substitution of teachers

• Scaling down of departments

• Massive online courses offered by best universities, licensed (franchised) courses for the rest

• Revenues coming from license fees and online enrolment rather than tuition fees of on-campus students

• Resistance to change is expected, but the technology adoption is inevitable.

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SMILE! WE SHALL ALL BE REPLACED BY

ROBOTS!

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Manuscript references (1)

• Alemi, M., Meghdari, A., & Ghazisaedy, M. (2015). The impact of social robotics on L2 learners’ anxiety and attitude in English vocabulary acquisition. International Journal of Social Robotics, 7(4), 523-535.

• Beck, S. (2016). AI Pioneer ROSS Intelligence Lands Its First Big Law Clients. Available at: http://www.americanlawyer.com/id=1202757054564/AI-Pioneer-ROSS-Intelligence-Lands-Its-First-Big-Law-Clients#ixzz48tplAhm9(Accessed 18th May 2016).

• Burleson, W., & Lewis, A. (2016). Optimists’ creed: brave new cyberlearning, evolving utopias (circa 2041). International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 796-808.

• Crews, J. (2016). Robonomics: Prepare today for the jobless economy of tomorrow. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

• Crootof, R. (2015). War, Responsibility, and Killer Robots. North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 40(4), 909-932.

• Dockrill, P. (2016). Meet Nadine, the ‘emotionally intelligent’ companion robot. Science Alert, 8th March 2016. Available at: http://www.sciencealert.com/watch-meet-nadine-the-emotionally-intelligent-robot-designed-to-be-the-perfect-social-companion(Accessed 27th May 2016).

• Driessen, C., & Heutinck, L. F. M. (2015). Cows desiring to be milked? Milking robots and the co-evolution of ethics and technology on Dutch dairy farms. Agriculture and Human Values, 32(1), 3-20.

• Fridin, M. (2014). Kindergarten social assistive robot: First meeting and ethical issues. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 262-272.

• Fridin, M., & Belokopytov, M. (2014). Acceptance of socially assistive humanoid robot by preschool and elementary school teachers. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 23-31.

• Hong, Z. W., Huang, Y. M., Hsu, M., & Shen, W. W. (2016). Authoring robot-assisted instructional materials for improving learning performance and motivation in EFL classrooms. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 19(1), 337–349.

• Kaplan, J. (2015). Humans need not apply: A guide to wealth and work in the age of artificial intelligence. Yale University Press.

• Khanlari, A. (2015). Teachers’ perceptions of the benefits and the challenges of integrating educational robots into primary/elementary curricula. European Journal of Engineering Education, 41(3), 320-330.

• Kindshuk, Chen, N.-S., Cheng, I-L., Chew, S. W. (2016). Evolution is not enough: Revolutionizing current learning environments to smart learning environments. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 561-581.

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Manuscript references (2)

• Maurer, M., Gerdes, J. C., Lenz, B., Winner, H. (Eds.) (2016) Autonomous driving: technical, legal and social aspects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Open.

• Mirheydar, H. S., & Parsons, J. K. (2013). Diffusion of robotics into clinical practice in the United States: process, patient safety, learning curves, and the public health. World Journal of Urology, 31(3), 455-461.

• Miller, P. (2016). Professor Pranksman fools his students with a TA powered by IBM's Watson. Available at: http://www.theverge.com/2016/5/6/11612520/ta-powered-by-ibm-watson (Accessed 18th May 2016).

• Neapolitan, R. E., & Jiang, X. (2013). Contemporary artificial intelligence. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

• Plauska, I., & Damaševičius, R. (2014). Educational robots for Internet-of-Things supported collaborative learning. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 465, 346-358.

• Poole, D., & Mackworth, A. (2010). Artificial Intelligence: foundations of computational agents. Cambridge University Press. Available at: http://artint.info/

• Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2016). Evolution and Revolution in Artificial Intelligence in Education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 582-599.

• Rossi, P. G., & Fedeli, L. (2015). Empathy, Education and AI. International Journal of Social Robotics, 7(1), 103-109.

• Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2010). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach (3rd ed). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.

• Thien, N.D., Terracina, A., Iocchi, L., & Mecella, M. (2016). Robotic teaching assistance for the "tower of Hanoi" problem. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 14(1), 64-76.

• Timms, M.J. (2016). Letting Artificial Intelligence in Education out of the Box: Educational Cobots and Smart Classrooms. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 701-712.

• Warwick, K. (2012). Artificial intelligence: The basics. Oxon: Routledge.

• Weber, G., & Brusilovsky, P. (2016). ELM-ART – An Interactive and Intelligent Web-Based Electronic Textbook. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(1), 72-81.

• Zawieska, K., & Duffy, B.R. (2015). The social construction of creativity in educational robotics. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 351, 329-338.

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THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION!

QUESTIONS?

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