william schulz -- tainted legacy: 9/11 and the ruin of human rights

7/30/2019 William Schulz -- Tainted Legacy: 9/11 and the Ruin of Human Rights

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2/36

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3/36

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]gn _blnd [n`fnLànyv [yboy`l iycdov cd}b ynvcmndfn `} }gn C[E wblndwgb g`zn innd `f}cznhs ndoònm cd {n`fnlàcdo cd fbdjhcf} `yn`v `yb~dm }gn

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]gn Mcv}cdo~cvgnm Hnf}~yn Vnycnv bjjnyv }gn fbll~dc}s `} h`yon `db{{by}~dc}s }b ndo`on wc}g hn`mnyv wgb `yn wbyacdo }b jbyon dnw mc`hbo~nvwc}g {`y}cnv cd fbdjhcf} `dm wgb vnna }b `dvwny }gn p~nv}cbd bj gbw }b fyn`}n`d ndm~ycdo {n`fn jby }blbyybw$ ]gn vnycnv( wgcfg cv gnhm `} }gn Eb`d I$ AybfCdv}c}~}n jby [n`fn * E~v}cfn `} }gn ^dcznyvc}s bj V`d Mcnob( n`lcdnv dnwmnznhb{lnd}v cd }gn vn`yfg jby njjnf}czn }bbhv }b {ynznd} `dm ynvbhzn fbdjhcf}wgchn {yb}nf}cdo g~l`d ycog}v `dm ndv~ycdo vbfc`h e~v}cfn$


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`dm E~v}cfn cd }gn 90v} Fnd}~ys

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}gn ynfc{cnd} bj d~lnyb~v `w`ymv jby gcv wbya( cdfh~mcdo }gn G~l`d Ycog}v@w`ym jybl Lcddnvb}` @mzbf`}nv jby G~l`d Ycog}v( }gn G`yys V$ ]y~l`d@w`ym jby Cd}nyd`}cbd`h Hn`mnyvgc{ jybl }gn A`dv`v Fc}s( LB( ^dc}nmD`}cbdv @vvbfc`}cbd( }gn Fy`diybba [n`fn @w`ym jybl }gn Fy`diybba [n`fnJb~dm`}cbd( `dm }gn G~l`dc}`yc`d @w`ym jybl L`yshg~yv} ^dcznyvc}s cd[by}h`dm( BY( `lbdo b}gnyv$ Cd 9;;;( gn w`v d`lnm G~l`dcv} bj }gnSn`y is }gn @lnycf`d G~l`dcv} @vvbfc`}cbd$

My$ Vfg~hu cv ` oy`m~`}n bj Binyhcd Fbhhnon( gbhmv ` L`v}nyv mnoynncd {gchbvb{gs jybl }gn ^dcznyvc}s bj Fgcfòb( `dm }gn Mbf}by bj Lcdcv}ysmnoynn jybl Ln`mzchhn"Hbli`ym ]gnbhbocf`h Vfgbbh `} }gn ^dcznyvc}s bjFgcfòb$

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My$ Vfg~hu g`v vnyznm bd }gn ib`ymv bj [nb{hn jby }gn @lnycf`d _`s([h`ddnm [`ynd}gbbm Jnmny`}cbd bj @lnycf`( }gn Fbll~dc}`yc`d Dn}wbya`dm @lnycf`dv ^dc}nm jby }gn Vn{`y`}cbd bj Fg~yfg `dm V}`}n$ Gn cvf~yynd}hs ` lnliny bj }gn Cd}nyd`}cbd`h @mzcvbys Fbllc}}nn jby }gn Ybiny}J$ Anddnms G~l`d Ycog}v @w`ym dm }gn Ib`ym bj }gn dc}`yc`d dcznyv`hcv}Vnyzcfn Fbllc}}nn$

My$ Vfg~hu cv }gn `~}gby bj vnzny`h ibbav( cdfh~mcdo Cd B~y Bwd Inv}Cd}nynv}5 Gbw Mnjndmcdo G~l`d Ycog}v Indnjc}v ^v @hh 'In`fbd [ynvv( 9;;9# `dm]`cd}nm Hno`fs5 3"00 `dm }gn Y~cd bj G~l`d Ycog}v 'D`}cbd Ibbav( 9;;6#( `dm cv


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033=( C w`v }b {~yv~n {`ycvg lcdcv}ys `dm }gnd vbfc`h e~v}cfn wbya wc}gcd }gnfbd}n} bj }gn dc}`yc`d dcznyv`hcv} @vvbfc`}cbd bj fbdoyno`}cbdv( dm jcd`hhs}gn {ynvcmndfs bj }gn ^^@( C }gcda }g`} }g`} And} nznd} `hw sv ynl`cdnm cdls lcdm `dm gn`y} `v ` znys {nyvbd`h n`l{hn bj }gn acdmv bj g~l`d ycog}vzcbh`}cbdv }g`} @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h `}}nl{}v }b `mmynvv$

F_5 ]g`} cv ìb~} `v v}ycacdo `d n`l{hn `v sb~ f`d g`zn cd b~y fb~d}ys

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^dc}`yc`d j`c}g }g`} gnh{nm sb~ lbzn }bw`ym jnnhcdo fbljby}ìhn wc}g `

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mnlbfy`}cu }cbd1 v}y~oohnv wc}g }gn ynhcocb~v ycog}`hh bj wgcfg ibyn cd vblnln`v~yn ~{bd vbln bj }gn cvv~nv }g`} C g`zn mn`h} wc}g cd }gn 09 sn`yv }g`}Czn innd wc}g @ldnv}s$

F_5 Dbw( sb~ fbln }b @ldnv}s cd 033=$ Gbw mcm sb~ jcdm }gn

byo`dcu`}cbd2 _g`} wnyn sb~y jcyv} }`vav wgnd sb~ f`ln }gnyn jybl

y~ddcdo `db}gny h`yon byo`dcu`}cbd2

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0609

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F_5 Fg`yhnv _coocdv

_V5 _chhc`l Vfg~hu

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Vcdfn sb~zn mnmcf`}nm vb l~fg bj sb~y hc jn }b g~l`d y cog}v `dm {ynznd}cdo

cde~v}cfn( hn}v inocd wc}g gbw sb~ ob} v}`y}nm cd }gcv jcnhm$ _gnyn mcm }gcv

cd}nynv} cd g~l`d ycog}v fbln jybl2

_V5 Cl }nl{}nm }b v`s c} w`v cd ls ondnv inf`~vn ls j`}gny w`v ` {ybjnvvbybj h`w } }gn dcznyvc}s bj [c}}vi~yog dm mnzb}nm fczch hciny}`yc`d cd gcv m`s$Gn }`~og} ln jybl ` znys n`yhs òn }g`} }gnvn cvv~nv wnyn fyc}cf`h }b ` fczchcunmvbfcn}s( `dm gn `hvb w`v dnzny gnvc}`d} }b mnfh`yn wgcfg e~v}cfnv bd }gn V~{ynlnFb~y} wnyn mcvoy`fnv }b }gn fb~y}$ @} mcddny}cln( gn wb~hm bj}nd p~cu ln bdwg`} C g`m hn`ydnm }g`} m`s ìb~} {~ihcf nznd}v$ ]gcv w`v `d cd}noy`h {`y} bjls oybwcdo ~{ cd }gn }~l~h}~b~v :;v( wgnd }gn fczch ycog}v ny` `dm }gn `d}c,Zcn}d`l _`y lbznlnd} wnyn `} }gncy {nàv$

I~} {ybiìhs }gn lbv} cdjh~nd}c`h nznd} cd ls oybwcdo ~{ `v c} ynh`}nv }b@ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h}gb~og ls {`y}cfc{`}cbd cd @ldnv}s w`v db} }b fbln~d}ch vbln 9> sn`yv h`}nyw`v }gn j`f} }g`} `v ` v}~mnd} `} Binyhcd QFbhhnon\(C g`{{ndnm }b in }gn v}~mnd} lcdcv}ny bj }gn dc}`yc`d dcznyv`hcv} Fg~yfg bjAnd}( Bgcb `} }gn }cln bj }gn And} V}`}n vgbb}cdov$ @dm }gcv w v( bj fb~yvn(`d cfbdcf n`l{hn bj ` obznydlnd}( nznd mnlbfy`}cf obznydlnd}( }~ydcdo bdc}v bwd fc}cundv1 vb }g`} w`v iyb~og} gbln }b ln `} ` znys sb~do òn$ _gchn(`v C v`s( cd }gn cd}nycl {nycbm in}wnnd And} `dm @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h cd

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znys vcodcjcf`d} }y`dvc}cbd `dm vbln }~ylbch wgnd C }bba bzny$ @v ` ynv~h} bj}gn j`lb~v @ldnv}s fbdfny}v cd }gn 037;v( cd wgcfg Iy~fn V{ycdov}nnd( V}cdo`dm b}gnyv g`m gnh{nm y`cvn }gn zcvcichc}s bj }gn byo`dcu`}cbd( }gnyn g`m innd `znys( znys vcodcjcf`d} oybw}g ~dmny ls {ynmnfnvvby` znys vcodcjcf`d} oybw}gcd @ldnv}sv zcvcichc}s `dm lnlinyvgc{ d~linyv$ I~} `} }gn v`ln }cln( C }gcda}gnyn w`v db} ` v~ffnvvj~h i~chmcdo bj `d cdjy`v}y~f}~yn }b fb{n wc}g }g`}oybw}g$ ]gn ynv~h} w`v }g`} }gnyn w`v vbln mczcvcbd wc}gcd }gn byo`dcu`}cbd`dm vbln vndvn bj ~dfny}`cd}s ib~} }gn j~}~yn$ L~fg bj ls cdc}c`h( n`yhs wbyawc}g @ldnv}s w`v yn`hhs cdv}c}~}cbd,i~chmcdo( fbdv}y~f}cdo }gn jy`lnwbya jbynjjnf}czn l`dònlnd} bj }gn byo`dcu`}cbd( i~chmcdo }gn v}`jj `dm }gn p~`hc}sbj }gn v}`jj( i~chmcdo b~y jcd`dfc`h ynvb~yfnvznys i`vcf acdmv bj }gcdov sb~g`zn }b mb cd `ds h`yon dbd,{ybjc} }b làn c} njjnf}czn$ Oy`m~`hhs `v wn wnynv~ffnvvj~h cd }gbvn ynv{nf}v`dm Cl {yb~m bj }gn ebi }g`} wnzn mbdn cd }gnvn09 sn`yvwn wnyn ihn }b }~yd }b vbln bj }gn znys cl{by}`d} iynàcdo g~l`dycog}v cvv~nv bj }gn m`s$

F_5 _n g`zn ` d~liny bj v}~mnd}v gnyn `} }gn Aybf Cdv}c}~}n `dm `hvb cd

b}gny mn{`y}lnd}v `} }gn ^dcznyvc}s wgb `yn cd}yco~nm is }gn {bvvcichc}s bj

wbyacdo wc}g `d byo`dcu`}cbd hcan @ldnv}s$ Mb sb~ g`zn `ds v~oonv}cbdv

bd wg`} sb~do( iycog}( mnmcf`}nm( `vvny}czn v}~mnd}v lcog} mb }b {yn{`yn

}gnlvnhznv jby }g`} acdm bj `f}czc}s2

_V5 Czn {ybiìhs gcynm 6;; {nb{hn `} @ldnv}s( `dm cd}nyzcnwnm( db mb~i}(

jb~y by jczn }clnv }g`} l`ds$ _g`} wn hbba jby insbdm i`vcf vachhv `dm`y}cf~h`}ndnvv `dm `d ìchc}s }b ynh`}n wnhh wc}g {nb{hn( cv ` mnn{ fbllc}lnd}`dm vbln mnoynn bj n{ny}cvn cd ` {`y}cf~h`y `v{nf} bj g~l`d ycog}v$ C} mbnvd}l`}}ny wgn}gny by db} }g`} {`y}cf~h`y `v{nf} in ` ynocbd bj }gn wbyhm by `{`y}cf~h`y g~l`d ycog}v }gnln( c} mbnvd} l`}}ny wgn}gny }g`} cv }gn n`f}{yboy`l }g`} vblnbdn cv `{{hscdo jby$ _g`} wn w`d} }b vnn cv }g`} ` sb~do{nyvbd g`v }ànd vnycb~vhs }gn dnnm }b cllnyvn }gnlvnhznv cd vbln `v{nf} bjg~l`d ycog}v }gyb~og v}~ms1 }gyb~og wbya bznyvn`v1 wbya wc}g cdmcondb~vg~l`d ycog}v byo`dcu`}cbdv bznyvn`v1 vachhv,i~chmcdo cd fbd}n} bj byo`dcucdo{nyg`{v1 ynvn`yfg1 }gn `ff~l~h`}cbd bj z`ycb~v mcjjnynd} ynvn`yfg vachhv( vcdfn

}g`}v fny}`cdhs ` lèby {`y } bj @ldnv}sv wbya1 `d ìchc}s }b 'cj vblnbdn cv`{{hscdo jby ` ebi cd }gn lnmc` mn{`y}lnd}# fhnznyhs `y}cf~h`}n }gnvn cvv~nv(}b in j`lchc`y ndb~og wc}g g~l`d ycog}v cvv~nv }b adbw gbw }b {~} }gbvn cdw`sv }g`} wchh f`}fg }gn {~ihcfv `}}nd}cbd1 vbln nzcmndfn }g`} }gn cdmczcm~`hg`v }ànd vbln cd}nd}cbd`h v}n{v }b ib}g i~chm }gn ynv~ln `dm }gn n{nycndfncd ` {`y}cf~h`y `yn` bj g~l`d ycog}v wbya$ @dm }g`} cv bj}nd ` znys cl{by}`d}j`f}by cd b~y vnhnf}cbd$

F_5 Cl v~yn l`ds {nb{hn wchh }àn }g`} }b gn`y}$ @v b{{bvnm }b e~v}

f~ycbvc}s( sb~yn hbbacdo jby fbllc}lnd} `dm vbln cd}nyd`h lb}cz`}cbd$

Dbw( hn} ln }`ha wc}g sb~ ìb~} @ldnv}s ^V@( bj wgcfg sb~ `yn }gn

Nnf~}czn Mcynf}by$ Gbw mbnv `d byo`dcu`}cbd hcan }gn @lnycf`d vnf}by bj `

ohbi`h byo`dcu`}cbd mn`h wc}g }gn j`f} }g`} }gn ^$V $ cv }gn ico {h`sny( }gb~og

}gnyn `yn b}gny {h`snyv( cd }gn wbyhm2 Mbnv c} {bvn fg`hhndonv jby gbw sb~

b{ny`}n cd }gcv fb~d}ys2

_V5 _nhh( `v sb~ f`d clòcdn( wc}gcd }gn fbd}n} bj }gn cd}nyd`}cbd`hbyo`dcu`}cbd( }gcv {h`sv ib}g w`sv$ ]gnyn `yn vbln {`y`hhnhv wc}g }gn w`s}gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv cv {nyfncznm cd cd}nyd`}cbd`h `jj`cyv5 bd }gn bdn g`dm( }gnbyo`dcu`}cbd cv gcoghs mn{ndmnd} ~{bd }gn hn`mnyvgc{( `dm fny}`cdhs }gnjcd`dfc`h v~{{by} bj }gn @lnycf`d vnf}cbd$ Bd }gn b}gny( cj wn `yn }b `vvny}b~yvnhznv ` hc}}hn }bb jcylhs( }g`} f`d n`vchs ondny`}n ynvnd}lnd}v `dm ynvcv}`dfnjybl b}gny {nb{hn cd }gn wbyhm$ _n }ys wc}gcd @ldnv}s `} }gn ohbi`h hnznh

}b {h`s ` znys vndvc}czn ybhn( ` j`fchc}`}czn ybhn( }b ndfb~yòn b}gnyv }b }ànhn`mnyvgc{$ Bj fb~yvn( @ldnv}s {nb{hn mb db} cmnd}cjs @ldnv}s wc}g }gn@lnycf`d obznydlnd}1 dbdn}gnhnvv( @ldnv}s cv `d cd}nyd`}cbd`h byo`dcu`}cbd$Bdn bj }gn inv} n`l{hnv bj }g`} w`v }gn o~hò fbd}ybznyvs bj h`v} v{ycdo(wgnd }gn cd}nyd`}cbd`h vnfyn}`ys ondny`h ~vnm }gn {gy`vn o~hò }b mnvfycinO~`d}d`lb I`s `dm }gn b}gny {ycvbd f`l{v$9 ]gcv jnhh bd @lnycf`d n`yvwc}g ` oyn`} fbd}ybznyvc`h }g~m( `dm wn wnyn jbyfnm }b mnjndm }g`}$ I~} `} }gncd}nyd`}cbd`h hnznh( cd N~yb{n `dm nhvnwgnyn( c} w`v db} nznd ` vnfbdm }gb~og}}g`} }gcv lcog} in ` fbd}ybznyvc`h mnvfyc{}cbd$ @dm vb( d`}~y`hhs( }gn @lnycf`d

9 ]gn Vnfyn}`ys Ondny`h bj @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h( Cyndn Ag`d( ~vnm }gc v {gy`vn cd }gn Jbynwbym }b @ldnv}sCd}nyd`}cbd`hv @dd~`h Yn{by} bj 9;;>$


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vnf}cbd g`m }b mb vbln p~cfa }`{ m`dfcdo }b `mmynvv }g`} wc}gcd `d @lnycf`dfbd}n}$ @dm }g`} acdm bj }gcdo bj}nd g`{{ndv$

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F_5 Ls vndvn cv }g`} @ldnv}s ^V@ cv infblcdo lbyn cdzbhznm cd mblnv}cf

g~l`d ycog}v `yn`v( nv{nfc`hhs `j}ny 3"00( `dm n{`dmcdo c}v }y`mc}cbd`h

jbf~v bd cvv~nv hcan }gn mn`}g {nd`h}s `dm {ycvbd fbdmc}cbdv$ G`v 3"00

`jjnf}nm }gn v~ienf} l`}}ny }g`} cv bj fbdfnyd }b }gn @lnycf`d vnf}cbd2

_V5 C }gcda wn vnn }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv `v db} bdhs incdo ynv{bdvcihn jby vblnznys vnycb~v g~l`d ycog}v zcbh`}cbdv cd c}v bwd ycog}( fbddnf}nm wc}g fb~d}ny,}nyybycv} njjby}v( i~} `hvb wn vnn }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv cd ynfnd} sn`yv {h`scdo `ybhn }g`} }gyn`}ndv }b ~dmnylcdn }gn nd}cyn jyòchn vf`jjbhmcdo bj v~{{by} jbyg~l`d ycog}v( wgcfg `yn i`vnm cd h`yon ln`v~yn ~{bd wg`} wn ~vnm }b f`hh

ond}hnlndv òynnlnd}v$ ]gns `yn db} cd h`yon ln`v~yn ndjbyfnìhn5 }gnyn cvdb {bhcfn iy`dfg }g`} vwbb{v cd `dm ndjbyfnv g~l`d ycog}v h`wv1 }gnyn `yndb} `~}bl`}cf nfbdblcf v`df}cbdv1 }gnyn cvd} ` w`s cd wgcfg ` obznydlnd}f`d `~}bl`}cf`hhs in {~dcvgnm cj }gns zcbh`}n g~l`d ycog}v$ Vb }gnyn g`vinndòynnm ~{bd is Yn{~ihcf`d `dm Mnlbfy`}cf `mlcdcv}y`}cbdv `hcan vcdfn03=7` i~chmcdo bj }gn vf`jjbhmcdo bj v~{{by} jby }gn g~l`d ycog}v ynoclnd(cd }gn vg`{n bj g~l`d ycog}v fb~y}v( g~l`d ycog}v h`w( cd}nyd`}cbd`h h`w$ @dm}g`} cv yn`hhs vbln}gcdo }g`} C }gcda }gcv `mlcdcv}y`}cbd g`v znys cd}nd}cbd`hhsvn} b~} }b ~dmnylcdn$ Vb d`}~y`hhs inf`~vn bj }gn j`y,y`docdo cl{hcf`}cbdv bj}g`}wnhh insbdm e~v} }gn cvv~nv cd }gn w`y bd }nyyby }gnlvnhznv( cl{by}`d}

`v }gbvn `ynwn g`zn jnh} }gn dnnm }b `mmynvv }g`}$

_n g`zn innd znys cd}nd}cbd`h cd }yscdo db} }b `hhbw }g`} jbf~v }b {ynznd} ~vjybl `hvb l`cd}`cdcdo b~y znys cl{by}`d} cd}nyd`}cbd`h jbf~v `dm bihco`}cbdv$_n wbya g`ym }b l`cd}`cd `}}nd}cbd }b {ycvbdnyv bj fbdvfcndfn `dm }b {y`f}cfnvbj b}gny fb~d}ycnv }g`} `yn znys vnycb~vhs cd zcbh`}cbd bj g~l`d ycog}v5 Fgcd`cv `hw`sv }gn jbf~v bj b~y wbya1 zcbh`}cbdv cd Cy`p fbllc}}nm is }gn Cy`pcobznydlnd}( db} e~v} is }gn bhm d`}cbd`h jbyfnv }gnyn1 zcbh`}cbdv is }gn @jog`dobznydlnd}1 `dm vb bd$ ]gnvn ynl`cd ` znys cl{by}`d} {`y } bj b~y wbya( i~}snv( }gnyn g`v innd `d `mmc}cbd`h jbf~v bd vbln bj }gnvn $V$ {y`f}cfnv$

F_5 Cd sb~y ibba( ]`cd}nm Hno`fs( bdn bj }gn {`y}v }g`} yn`hhs f`~og} ls

`}}nd}cbd w`v sb~y db}cbd }g`} }gnyn g`v innd `d gcv}bycf `licz`hndfn

in}wnnd bymny `dm hciny}s( `dm }g`} wn g`zn jb~dm b~yvnhznv `v ` d`}cbd bd

` {ndm~h~l vwcdocdo i`fa `dm jby}g bd }g`}$ C} vnnlv }b {h`s b~} `v wnhh cd

}gn `vv~l{}cbd bj @lnycf`v nfn{}cbd`hcvl cd }gn `yn` bj fczch `dm g~l`d

ycog}v$ Mb sb~ vnn }g`} }ndvcbd {h`scdo b~} }bm`s2

_V5 @ivbh~}nhs$ C }gcda }g`} cv cd h`yon ln`v~yn }gn gn`y} bj wg`} C e~v} hh~mnm}b$ [ybiìhs }gn oyn`}nv} fg`hhndon j`fcdo }gn g~l`d ycog}v lbznlnd} }bm`s cvjcdmcdo }g`} i`h`dfn in}wnnd vnf~yc}s `dm bymny bd }gn bdn g`dm( `dm hciny}sbd }gn b}gny$ C }gcda }g`} }gnyn g`v innd vcdfn }gn jb~dmcdo bj }gn fb~d}ys`}hn`v} }gn {bv},D`}czn @lnycf`d jb~dmcdo bj }gn fb~d}ys}gcv }ndvcbd( `v

nnl{hcjcnm is }gn {choycl `dm [~yc}`d j`}gnyv `dm lb}gnyv wgb f`ln }b }gcvfb~d}ys }b `vvny} hciny}s( `dm sn}( wgb( cd mbcdo vb( nv}ìhcvgnm `d n}y`bymcd`ychsgcny`yfgcf`h vsv}nl bj bymny$ ]gcv w`v l`dcjnv} lbv} my`l`}cf`hhs cd }gbvn wgbwnyn j~hh bj oy`fn dm cdvcmn }gn fg~yfg( v b{{bvnm }b }gn vb,f`hhnm cdgìc}`d}vwgb wnyn nfh~mnm jybl }gn fg~yfg$ Vnnacdo hciny}s( vnnacdo jynnmbl `dm jynnn{ynvvcbd( wgchn `} }gn v`ln }cln w`d}cdo }b fbd}ybh c}( `hh wc}g }gn bznyh`sbj @lnycf`d nfn{}cbd`hcvlcd }gn vndvn }g`} wn ~dmnyv}`dm b~yvnhznv( by`} hn`v} b~y jb~dmnyv ~dmnyv}bbm ~v( }b in ` d`}cbd ihnvvnm is Obm cd vblnv{nfc`h w`s5 }g`} }ndvcbd g`v l`mn jby ` znys fbl{hcf`}nm lc wgnd wn fbln}b ` fbd}nl{by`ys wbyhm$ G~l`d ycog}v `yn incdo `vvny}nm wc}gcd }gn fbd}n}


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bj ` }y~hs ohbi`h `dm cd}nyd`}cbd`h ~dmnyv} dmcdo bj wg`} c} ln`dv }b in {`y}bj ` ohbi`h `dm cd}nyd`}cbd`h lbznlnd}$ ]g`} C }gcda g`v l`mn jby vblncdgnynd} }ndvcbdv$ Jby }gn lbv} {`y}( }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv g`v fbllc}}nm }b incdo` ynv{nf}nm lnliny dm vbln}clnv hn`mny bj }g`} ohbi`h lbznlnd} jby g~l`dycog}v$ Bj h`}n( }g`} g`v innd {~} cd enb{`yms$

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c} lbyn àcd }b }gn @lnycf`d Fczch Hciny}cnv ^dcbd wc}g ynv{nf} }b }gcv(

}g`d c} cv }b G~l`d Ycog}v _`}fg by }gbvn acdmv bj byo`dcu`}cbdv2 G`v c}

mblnv}cf`}nm c}v jbf~v2

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ebcd} njjby}$ ]gcv wchh in bdn }b b~}h`w n}y`bymcd`ys yndmc}cbdv bj {ycvbdnyv}b fb~d}ycnv }g`} `yn adbwd }b fbllc} g~l`d ycog}v zcbh`}cbdv$ @dm C }gcda}gnynv innd ynfbodc}cbd }g`} ocznd }gn ynh`}cznhs lbmnv} vcun bj }gn g~l`d ycog}vlbznlnd}( wn `hh dnnm }b wbya }bon}gny$ @j}ny `hh( @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h cv }gnbdhs oy`vvybb}v cd}nyd`}cbd`h g~l`d ycog}v byo`dcu`}cbd cd }gn wbyhm( `dm c}vfny}`cdhs }gn bdhs lnlinyvgc{,i`vnm g~l`d ycog}v byo`dcu`}cbd cd }gn ^dc}nmV}`}nv( cj wn yno`ym }gn @lnycf d Fczch Hciny}cnv ^dcbd `v lbyn bj ` mblnv}cffczch hciny}cnv byo`dcu`}cbd$ _n g`zn 6:;(;;; lnlinyv( wgcfg cv vcodcjcf`d}(i~} c}v db} g~on( fny}`cdhs db} wgnd fbl{`ynm }b ndzcybdlnd}`h byo`dcu`}cbdvby wblndv ycog}v byo`dcu`}cbdv$

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_V5 N`f}hs$ @dm vb }gnynv innd ` oybwcdo ynfbodc}cbd bj }gn dnnm }b wbya}bon}gny$

F_5 Czn v{nd} vbln }cln cd N~yb{n( `dm }gn N~yb{n`dv( ondny`hhs( wnyn

v~y{ycvnm }g`} }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv( ycog} `j}ny 3"00( mnfcmnm }g`} }gcv w`v

` {ybihnl }g`} dnnmnm }b in mn`h} wc}g lchc}`ychs( y`}gny }g`d `v ` {bhcfn

`f}cbd$ C }gcda cd }gn N~yb{n`d vndvn( c} cv vnnd l~fg lbyn `v ` {bhcfn

{ybihnl( `v b{{bvnm }b ` lchc}`ys {ybihnl$ _g`} `yn }gn fbdvnp~ndfnv jby

}gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv g`zcdo l`mn }g`} mnfcvcbd2 Cj c} g`m l`mn ` mcjjnynd}

mnfcvcbd( wb~hm wn in vnncdo mcjjnynd} }gcdov dbw2

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l~fg g`ymny }b mnjndm }gn db}cbd }g`} ^$V$ fc}cundv( hcan Ebvn [`mchh` by S`vvnyG`lmc( mbd} mnvnyzn ` h`wsny$ I~} cj }gns `yn ndnls fbli`}`d}v( cj c}v{`y} bj ` w`y( }gnd }y`mc}cbd`hhs b~y fb~y}v g`zn bj}nd jb~dmsb~yn ` h`w{ybjnvvby `dm l~fg lbyn bj `d n{ny} }g`d C}g`} vbln bj }gn dbyl`h y~hnvmbd} `{{hs wgnd sb~yn `} w`y$

F_5 Lbyn jhncichc}s$

_V5 Lbyn jhncichc}s$ ]gn nnf~}czn g`v oyn`}ny {bwny$ ]g`} bj fb~yvn cv znysfbdzndcnd} }b {nb{hn wgb w`d} }b`dm hn}v v`s vcdfnynhs w`d} }b{yb}nf}

6 ]gn @lndmlnd} inf`ln h`w cd h`}n 9;;>$ C} cv mcvf~vvnm j~y}gny cd My$ Vfg~huv hnf}~yn$ Vnn `hvb Ynh`}nm Ynvb~yfnv$


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}gn fb~d}ys$ Vb C }gcda }gcv w`v ` znys cd}nd}cbd`h mnfcvcbd `dm c} g`v g`m znysiyb`m y`lcjcf`}cbdv( h`yonhs bj ` znys m`lòcdo d`}~yn$

F_5 Hn} ln vwc}fg jbf~v ` hc}}hn ic}$ C adbw cdv}c}~}cbd`hhs }g`} }gn

@lnycf`d vnf}cbd g`v g`m ` vcodcjcf`d} cd}nyd`h fbdznyv`}cbd ìb~} wgn}gny

c} vgb~hm iyb`mnd c}v l`dm`}n jybl ` jbf~v h`yonhs bd {bhc}cf`h ycog}v bj

cdmczcm~`hv }b ` iyb`mny y`don bj vbfc`h( f~h}~y`h `dm nfbdblcf ycog}v$ Gbw

mcm }g`} fbdznyv`}cbd inocd `} @ldnv}s2

_V5 C}v ` znys cd}nynv}cdo `dm cl{by}`d} fbdznyv`}cbd }g`} h`yonhs ino`d wc}g}gn ynfbodc}cbd }g`} }gb~og @ldnv}s fh`clnm }b in`dm w`d}nm }b in`}y~hs ohbi`h g~l`d ycog}v byo`dcu`}cbd( dbdn}gnhnvv( v}chh 3; }b 3> {nyfnd}bj @ldnv}sv lnlinyvgc{ f`ln jybl }gn mnznhb{nm wbyhm$ _n g`m vnf}cbdvcd {h`fnv hcan Og`d`( Vb~}g @jycf`( Lncfb `dm ]g`ch`dm( i~} }gns wnynznys( znys vl`hh$ ]gbvn vnf}cbdv v`cm znys fhn`yhs }b }gn ynv} bj }gn lbznlnd}(

Hbba( wgnd wn ob b~} }b ynfy~c} lnlinyv }b @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h( }gns`va ~v( _g`}v }gn {bcd} bj }gcv byo`dcu`}cbd2 _n l`s v`s( C} cv }b jynn{ycvbdnyv cd Inh`y~v by Fgcd`( }gnd }gns v`s( _nhh( sb~ adbw( ls fgchm cvv}`yzcdo( by C mbd} g`zn `ffnvv }b @CMV lnmcfcdn( by wg`}nzny }gn cvv~n }g`}l`s in lbv} {ynvvcdo cd }gn mnznhb{cdo wbyhm$ _n g`zn }b yn{hs( Bg vbyys(@ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h mbnvd} `mmynvv }gbvn cvv~nv$ @dm }gnd wn g`zn ` yn`h{ybihnl$

Vb wgchn }gnyn w`v( bd }gn bdn g`dm( ` oybwcdo cd}nhhnf}~`h ynfbodc}cbd bj }gncd}nymn{ndmndfn bj }gnvn vn}v bj ycog}vbj }gn ynfbodc}cbd }g`} jynn v{nnfgby jynnmbl bj }gn {ynvv mbnvd} mb sb~ ` hb} bj obbm cj sb~ f`d} yn`m1 }g`}}gn ycog} }b m~n {ybfnvv mbnvd} mb sb~ ` hb} bj obbm cj sb~ mcn bj g~dony bd}gn w`s }b }gn fb~y}gb~vn}gnyn w`v `hvb( `} }gn v`ln }cln( ` znys {yòl`}cfynfbodc}cbd }g`} cj wn wnyn }b in wg`} wn yn`hhs v`s wn `yn( ` }y~hs ohbi`hbyo`dcu`}cbd( wn g`m }b `mmynvv }gnvn cvv~nv }g`} `yn vb ynhnz`d} }b }gn ohbi`hvb~}g$ @ldnv}s }y`mc}cbd`hhs g`m ` mnhcdn`}nm l`dm`}n cd wgcfg wn v`cm }g`}wn f`d mn`h wc}g( v`s( }gnvn =9 zcbh`}cbdv bj ycog}v( i~} db} }gnvn => b}gny bdnv$@dm cdv}n`m( }bm`s( @ldnv}s v`sv cd njjnf} }g`} wn f`d mn`h wc}g `ds g~l`d

ycog}v zcbh`}cbdv( i~} wnyn obcdo }b fgbbvn wgcfg bdnv }b mn`h wc}g i`vnm bdv}y`}nocf `dm }`f}cf`h fbdvcmny`}cbdv5 wgcfg `yn }gn bdnv wgnyn wn }gcda wn f`dg`zn }gn lbv} cl{`f}2 _gcfg bdnv f`d ` oy`vvybb}v g~l`d ycog}v byo`dcu`}cbdwc}g b~y {`y}cf~h`y v}yndo}gv lbv} njjnf}cznhs `mmynvv2 @dm cj }g`} cv }gn ycog}}b jbbm cd ` {`y}cf~h`y fbd}n}( }gnd }g`}v wg`} wnhh mb$ Cj c }v nfbdblcfb{{by}~dc}s( ebi oybw}g( }gnd }g`}v wg`} wnhh mb$ By cj c}v }gn }y`mc}cbd`h{bhc}cf`h ycog}v }g`} `yn lbv} `} v}àn( }gnd }g`}v wg`} wnhh `mmynvv$

F_5 ]gn nfbdblcv} wb~hm ~vn }gn {gy`vn jcvgcdo cd vblnbdn nhvnv {bdm

}b mnvfycin }gn }ndvcbd }g`} Cl vndvcdo$ ]gn l`yan} `mz`d}òn bj @ldnv}s

Cd}nyd`}cbd`h g`v `hw`sv innd( c} vnnlv }b ln( wc}g }gn `yn` bj {ycvbdnyv bj

fbdvfcndfn( {bhc}cf`h c vv~nv}gnynv db b}gny {h`sny }g`}v ynfbodcunm cd }gn

wbyhm cd }g`} jcnhm$ Cj @ldnv}s fgbbvnv }b hbba `} `d cvv~n( v~fg `v jbbm

{ybihnlv cd Og`d`( `yn wn dbw cd }gn v`ln `yn` `v }gn Ichh `dm Lnhcdm`

O`}nv Jb~dm`}cbd by b}gny byo`dcu`}cbdv }g`} g`zn g`m }g`} `v }gncy fbyn

zcvcbd2 _g`} mb sb~ n{nf} }b g`{{nd cd }gn j~}~yn wc}g ynv{nf} }b }g`}2

_V5 Cdmnnm( }g`} w`v }gn jbf~v bj oyn`} mni`}n( `dm }b vbln n}nd} v}chh cv( i~}}g`}v wgs wn làn }gnvn mnfcvcbdv bd }gn i`vcv bj v}y`}nocf fbdvcmny`}cbdv$Cj }gn Ichh `dm Lnhcdm` O`}nv Jb~dm`}cbd cv wnhh,nv}ìhcvgnm cd Og`d`( by`dswgnyn nhvn mn`hcdo wc}g ` {`y}cf~h`y nfbdblcf ycog}v cvv~n( }gnd }g`}v{ybiìhs db} wgnyn @ldnv}s cv obcdo }b {~} c}v njjby}v$ _n `yn( cd }gn h`v}`d`hsvcv( obcdo }b in vnhnf}cdo fbd}n}v cd wgcfg b~y zbcfn `dm b~y {`y}cf~h`y

v}yndo}gv f`d làn ` ~dcp~n mcjjnyndfn$

F_5 _chh }gcv n{`dm @ldnv}sv `ffnvv }b jb~dm`}cbd j~dmcdo by oy`d}

lbdns2 @v wnhh v incdo dnw jbf~v bj sb~y lcvvcbd( fb~hm c} g`zn nfbdblcf

indnjc}v2

_V5 _nhh( c}v fbdfnczìhn$ ]g`} fny}`cdhs w`v db} ` fbdvcmny`}cbd cd }gnmnfcvcbd$ @dm @ldnv}s jy`dahs g`v ` g`ym }cln on}}cdo jcd`dfc`h v~{{by} jybljb~dm`}cbdv( {ycl`ychs inf`~vn wn `yn vb ynh`}cznhs h`yon$ Jb~dm`}cbdv bj}ndhbba `} @ldnv}s `dm v`s( Sb~zn ob} }gcv g~on lnlinyvgc{( sb~zn ob} }gcv


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nv}ìhcvgnm yn{~}`}cbd( wnyn j`y lbyn cd}nynv}nm cd j~dmcdo byo`dcu`}cbdv }g`}`yn v}`y},~{v( by wgnyn wn f`d jnnh b~y lbdns cv obcdo }b làn `d `{{ynfcìhnmcjjnyndfn cd }gncy oybw}g$ Vb jb~dm`}cbdv g`zn }y`mc}cbd`hhs db} innd ` znysh~fy`}czn ynvb~yfndb} }b v`s wn g`znd} ob}}nd jb~dm`}cbd oy`d}v bzny }gnsn`yv( i~} c} fny}`cdhs g`vd} innd ` lèby j~dmcdo vb~yfn$

F_5 Mbnv }gn lnlinyvgc{ {ybzcmn lbv} bj }gn jcd`dfc`h v~{{by}2

_V5 @ivbh~}nhs$ C wb~hm v`s fhbvn }b 3>,37 {nyfnd} bj b~y v~{{by} fblnvnc}gny jybl mcynf} l`ch( `znyòn oczcdo `yb~dm -=9 ` {nyvbd( `dm l`sin 0>{nyfnd} bj b~y cdfbln jybl lèby ocj} mbdbyv ( ->(;;; `dm ~{( {ny sn`y$ _non} ` hc}}hn ic} jybl nznd}v( ` hc}}hn ic} jybl jb~dm`}cbdv( ` hc}}hn ic} jybllnyfg`dmcvcdo( i~} `hlbv} `hh jybl cdmczcm~`hv$

F_5 Hn} ln vwc}fg }b `db}gny `v{nf} bj sb~y wbya( }gn wbya sb~ mb cd }gn

jcnhm$ @ldnv}s bizcb~vhs cv fbdfnydnm wc}g ndoòcdo ` iyb`mny {~ihcf cd c}v

wbya `dm cd c}v fbdfnydv$ Cd b}gny jcnhmv `} }gcv }cln cd }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv

gcv}bys( }g`} cmn` g`v }b mb wc}g {~ihcf"{ycz`}n {`y}dnyvgc{v$ Mbnv @ldnv}s

vnn ` ybhn jby }gn l`yan} vnf}by by jby obznydlnd}( cd }nylv bj `vvcv}`dfn

wc}g ynv{nf} }b c}v lcvvcbd cdzbhzcdo g~l`d ycog}v2 F`d i~vcdnvvnv {h`s

` ybhn2 Cl }gcdacdo bj }gn V~hhcz`d [ycdfc{hnv = cd Vb~}g @jycf`( vbfc`hhs

ynv{bdvcihn cdznv}cdo$ @yn }gnyn b}gny `yn`v wgnyn i~vcdnvvnv f`d `f}~`hhs

jcdm }gnlvnhznv mcynf} v~{{by}nyv bj sb~y wbya2

_V5 @ivbh~}nhs$ ]gcv g`v innd( bzny }gn h`v} jczn }b }nd sn`yv( ` oybw}gcdm~v}ys wc}gcd @ldnv}s5 i~chmcdo ynh`}cbdvgc{v wc}g }gn i~vcdnvv fbll~dc}s`dm }yscdo db} }b g`zn }gbvn `hw`sv in `mznyv`yc`h ynh`}cbdvgc{v( }gb~og( bjfb~yvn( vbln}clnv }gns g`zn innd( `v wc}g( jby n`l{hn( }gn l`d~j`f}~ynyv bj]@VNY nhnf}ybvgbfa wn`{bdv$ Bd }gn b}gny g`dm( wn `yn f~yynd}hs ndoònm cdfbdv}y~f}czn fbdznyv`}cbd wc}g Lcfybvbj} ìb~} }gn {bvvcichc }s bj Lcfybvbj}}àcdo }gn hn`m cd nv}ìhcvgcdo vbln inv} {y`f}cfnv( jby n`l{hn( cd Fgcd` wc}g

yno`ym }b }gn n}nd} }b wgcfg cd}nydn} vnyzcfcdo fbl{`dcnv `yn by `yn db} obcdo}b fbb{ny`}n wc}g }gn Fgcdnvn obznydlnd} yb~dm }gn yynv} bj mcvvcmnd}v1 wchhby wchh db} fbb{ny`}n cd {ybzcmcdo nzcmndfn o`cdnm }gyb~og cd}nydn} ~vn }b }gnFgcdnvn obznydlnd} }b in ~}chcunm o`cdv} mzbf`}nv bj mnlbfy`fs dm g~l`dycog}v$ C mbd} adbw wg`} wchh fbln bj }g`}( i~} C mb adbw }g`} }gbvn `ynfbl{`dcnv }g`} f`d làn `d n}y`bymcd`ychs {bvc}czn mcjjnyndfn cj }gnsyn wchhcdo}b nv}ìhcvg vbln i`vcf o~cmnhcdnv bj inv} {y`f}cfnv `dm v}`s ~dc}nm }gnlvnhznv(`lbdo }gnlvnhznv( cd {~yv~cdo }gbvn inv} {y`f}cfnv$

F_5 @ldnv}s {h`sv ` ybhn }gnd `v ` fb`hc}cbd,i~chmny( ` j`fchc}`}by2

_V5 @ldnv}s mbnv db} `mzbf`}n ibsfb}}v by v`df}cbdv ò`cdv} fbl{`dcnv$_n g`zn }y`mc}cbd`hhs db} cdfby{by`}nm }g`} cd b~y p~czny bj }`f}cfv ( {nyg`{v~dwcvnhs( i~} }g`} cv }gn f`vn$ @dm vb @ldnv}s yn`hhs ynhcnv ~{bd b~y yn{~}`}cbd(b~y ichc}s }b lbichcun {nb{hn `yb~dm }gn wbyhm }b {~} {ynvv~yn bd fby{by`}cbdv(i~} }b mb vb cd `d ìbzn,ib`ym w`s( `dm db} ` fbnyfczn w`s$ Vbln}clnv c}wbyav5 Vgnhh Bch( jby n`l{hn( `j}ny }gn Yw`dm`d l`vv`fyn( `mb{}nm ` v}`}nlnd}bj lcvvcbd }g`} cdfh~mnm ynjnyndfn }b }gn ^dcznyv`h Mnfh`y`}cbd bj G~l`dYcog}v( `dm g`v l`mn vbln cl{ybznlnd}v cd c}v `f}czc}s$ Fgnzybd cv `db}gnyn`l{hn$ Cd b}gny f`vnv( c} mbnvd} mb `ds obbm$

F_5 Mb sb~ }gcda wnyn nm~f`}cdo {nb{hn `mnp~`}nhs2 Mbnv }gn {~ihcf

vnf}by( }gn nm~f`}cbd vnf}by( mb ` obbm ndb~og ebi2 Cv @ldnv}s cdzbhznm `}

`hh cd g~l`d ycog}v nm~f`}cbd cd vfgbbhv2

_V5 Cdmnnm( wn `yn znys {yb~m bj b~y g~l`d ycog}v nm~f`}cbd {yboy`l$ _ng`zn f~yycf~h` bj ` g~l`d ycog}v d`}~yn jby acdmnyo`y}nd `hh }gn w`s }gyb~ogfbhhnon$ _n wbya g`ym }b v{yn`m }gn ynvb~yfnv( }gn }y`cdcdo `dm }gn vachhv,i~chmcdo `lbdo nm~f`}byv cd }gcv ynv{nf}$ @dm C wchh v`s }g`}( fny}`cdhs `}}gn fbhhnon `dm ~dcznyvc}s hnznh bzny }gn 09 sn`yv Czn innd wc}g @ldnv}s(}gnynv innd ` ynl`yaìhn oybw}g cd }gn d~liny bj g~l`d ycog}v {yboy`lv(cd }gn d~liny bj lèbyv }g`} `yn bjjnynm cd g~l`d ycog}v v}~mcnv `} gcognynm~f`}cbd`h cdv}c}~}cbdv$ C }gcda fny}`cdhs gnyn `} }gn ^dcznyvc}s bj V`d Mcnob(= ]gn V~hhcz`d [ycdfc{hnv `yn d`lnm `j}ny Hnbd V~hhcz`d( wgb w`v bd }gn Ib`ym bj Mcynf}byv bj Ondny`h Lb}byv m~ycdo

`{`y}gncm cd Vb~}g @jycf`$ Gn mnznhb{nm }gn {ycdfc{hnv }b `{{hs nfbdblcf {ynvv~yn bd }gn obznydlnd} bj Vb~}g @jycf`}b ndm `{`y}gncm$ ]gn v}y`}nos g`v vcdfn innd ynd`lnm }gn Ohbi`h V~hhcz`d [ycdfc{hnv bj Vbfc`h Ynv{bdvcich c}s$


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9= 9>

sb~ g`zn {ybzcmnm ` lbmnh jby }g`}$ @dm c} cv ynjhnf}nm nhvnwgnyn$

F_5 ]g`da sb~$ Hn}v }~yd ` ic} }b }gn v~iv}`dfn bj vbln bj }gn wbya }g`}

g`v innd mbdn$ Cl cd}nynv}nm cd }wb `yn`v wgnyn C adbw @ldnv}s g`v innd

znys `f}czn5 bdn }g`} cv bdobcdo dbw( }gn M`yj~y vc}~`}cbd cd V~m`d1 `dm

}gn b}gny cv @ldnv}sv wbya vnzny`h sn`yv òb wc}g }gn ondbfcmn cd Yw`dm`$

_g`}v obcdo bd wc}g @ldnv}sv {`y}cfc{`}cbd cd M`yj~y2

_V5 C }gcda( wc}g sb~y cdm~hondfn( C `f}~`hhs w`d} }b v}`y} }gn b}gny w`s`yb~dm inf`~vn l~fg bj b~y wbya cd M`yj~y g`v innd cdjh~ndfnm is wg`}( db}bdhs wn( i~} b}gnyv( mcmd} mb cd Yw`dm`$ C }gcda }g`} @ldnv}s in`yv( by vg`ynv(` fny}`cd l`ya bj vg`ln wc}g }gn ^$V$ obznydlnd} `dm wc}g l`ds b}gnyv(jby j`chcdo }b in `mnp~`}nhs {yb`f}czn cd v}b{{cdo }gn ondbfcmn cd Yw`dm`$ C}gcda }g`} `lbdo b}gny }gcdov( @ldnv}swgcfg `} }gn }cln g`m ` {bhcfs }g`}{ynznd}nm ~v jybl `dm {ynfh~mnm b~y f`hhcdo jby lchc}`ys cd}nyznd}cbd nznd cd}gn j`fn bj ondbfcmnynl`cdnm }bb {`vvczn `dm ynlbznm jybl }g`} vc}~`}cbd$C gb{n wnzn hn`ydnm vbln}gcdo bj }g`} cd M`yj~y$ Dbw `v ` l`}}ny bj {bhcfswn f`d( ~dmny znys hclc}nm fcyf~lv}`dfnv( f`hh jby lchc}`ys cd}nyznd}cbd$ _nfny}`cdhs g`zn hbbanm wc}g j`zby bd `dm g`zn ndfb~yònm }gn ^dc}nm D`}cbdv}b }àn vbln bj }gn ynfnd} v}n{v }g`} }gns g`zn( cd }nylv bj fbllc}}cdo }bcdfyn`vn }gn d~liny bj {n`fnann{cdo }ybb{v cd M`yj~y$ @dm C }gcda }g`}@ldnv}s( wgcfg g`v vnd} lcvvcbdv }b }gn V~m`d `dm }b M`yj~ycdfh~mcdo bdn}g`} C {`y}cfc{`}nm cd( cd }gn j`hh bj 9;;=g`v hn`ydnm }g`} wn vcl{hs g zn

}b in j`y lbyn {yb`f}czn wgnd c} fblnv }b }gnvn acdmv bj ndbylb~v fyclnvò`cdv} g~l`dc}s$

]gn vc}~`}cbd wn jcdm b~yvnhznv cd cd M`yj~y ycog} dbw cv }g`} }gnyn `yn`{{ybcl`}nhs ?(;;; @jycf`d ^dcbd }ybb{v bd }gn oyb~dm5 }gnsyn chh,np~c{{nm1}gns yn lbyn }g`d mnmcf`}nm dm wchhcdo }b mb }gn wbya }g`} }gns dnnm }b mb( i~}}gncy l`dm`}n g`v innd znys hclc}nm ~{ ~d}ch }gcv {bcd}nvvnd}c`hhs bivnyzcdo(y`}gny }g`d incdo ìhn }b cd}nyzndn lchc}`ychs }b {yb}nf} }gn {nb{hn wgb `ynincdo ynlbznm jybl }gncy gblnv( by cd l`ds f`vnv achhnm$ @dm }gn ^dc}nmD`}cbdv g`v ynfnd}hs fbllc}}nm }b cdfyn`vcdo }gbvn d~linyv vcodcjcf`d}hs( i~}(

}g~v j`y( }gn wnv}nyd wbyhm g`v db} l`mn }gn fbllc}lnd}v c} dnnmv }b làn(nc}gny }b {~} }ybb{v bd }gn oyb~dm( by jby l`}nyc`h v~{{by}`cy v~{{by} `dmb}gny ynvb~yfn v~{{by}}g`} wb~hm in dnnmnm }b iycdo }g`} yn`hc}s bj `dcdfyn`vnm jbyfn bd }gn o yb~dm cd}b incdo$ ]gn V~m`dnvn obznydlnd}( bj fb~yvn(cv `hvb ynvcv}cdo }g`}$ ]gn ^dc}nm D`}cbdv fbllcvvcbd }g`} cdznv}co`}nm }gcv g`vynjnyynm ìb~} >; d`lnv bj V~m`dnvn obznydlnd} bjjcfc`hv( E`de`wnnm lchc}c`bjjcfc`hv( `dm hn`mnyv bj }gn yninh lbznlnd} cd M`yj~y( }b }gn Cd}nyd`}cbd`hFyclcd`h Fb~y}$ _gn}gny }gn Cd}nyd`}cbd`h Fyclcd`h Fb~y} wchh v}n{ ~{ }b }gn{h`}n `dm mb wg`} c} dnnmv }b mb( wn mbd} adbw sn}$ I~} }gcv cv ` }nv} f`vn jbyib}g }gn fb~y} `dm jby }gn cd}nyd`}cbd`h fbll~dc}s `} h`yon$

_n g`zn( `ffbymcdo }b }gn _byhm Gn`h}g Byo`dcu`}cbd( }gb~v`dmv bj {nb{hnv}chh mscdo nznys lbd}g cd V~m`d( l`ds bj }gnl jybl mcvn`vn1 }gnyn `yn lbyn}g`d 9 lchhcbd {nb{hn cd ynj~onn f`l{v1 }gn Fg`mc`d obznydlnd} cv dbw incdomnv}ìchcunm1 c} `{{n`yv `v cj wn l`s in bd }gn znyon bj w`y in}wnnd V~m`d`dm Fg`m$ ]gcv cv ` znys m`donyb~v {`y} bj }gn wbyhm$ Bj fb~yvn( c}v `dndbylb~vhs {bby {`y} bj }gn wbyhm$ @dm hn}v db} jbyon} }g`} V~m`d cv wgnynBv`l` icd H`mnd }bba ynj~on `} ` fny}`cd {`y} cd gcv f`ynny$ ]gcv fb~d}ys`dm }gn cdv}ìchc}s }gnyn cv ` {b}nd}c`h ynfy~c}cdo oyb~dm jby }nyybycv}v wgbnznd}~`hhs l`s mb g`yl }b l`ds b}gnyv `yb~dm }gn wbyhm( vb c} ingbbznv ~vib}g jby lby`h `dm jby v}y`}nocf `dm {yòl`}cf yn`vbdv }b in j`y lbyn {yb`f}czn}g`d wn g`zn cd }gcv ynv{nf}$

F_5 C}v cd}nynv}cdo }g`} `} }gn v`ln }cln `v }gcv fbd}ybznyvs cv obcdo bdcd }gn wnv}nyd {`y} bj M`yj~y( }gn d`}cbd,v}`}n bj V~m`d vnnlv }b g`zn

jb~dm c}vnhj cd ` fn`vnjcyn cd }gn i`}}hnv in}wnnd }gn dby}g `dm }gn vb~}g

cd }gn fczch w`y$ Gbw mcm }g`} fbln ìb~} cd }gn j`fn bj wg`}v obcdo bd

cd M`yj~y2

_V5 _nhh( cd}nynv}cdohs ndb~og( }gn nz`donhcf`h fbll~dc}s cd }gcv fb~d}yswgb( bj fb~yvn( `yn `lbdo }gn `mlcdcv}y`}cbdv {ycln fbdv}c}~nd}v{h`snm` znys fbdv}y~f}czn ybhn cd {~vgcdo }gn I~vg `mlcdcv}y`}cbd }b in ndoònm cd}gn dby}g,vb~}g fbdjhcf}( cd {`y} inf`~vn l`ds bj }gbvn mscdo cd }gn vb~}g


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9: 9?

wnyn Fgycv}c`dv `dm }gnyn w`v ` vndvn bj fbddnf}cbd }gnyn$ ]gn ^dc}nm V}`}nvinf`ln znys `f}czn cd }gn dnob}c`}cbdv in}wnnd }gn obznydlnd} `dm }gn vb~}g(`dm {h`snm ` znys fbdv}y~f}czn ybhn cd iycdocdo ìb~} }gn fn`vnjcyn `dm }gncd}noy`}cbd bj }gn obznydlnd}v$ Bj fb~yvn c} ynl`cdv }b in vnnd( {`y}cf~h`yhswc}g }gn mn`}g bj Ebgd O`y`do( }gn yninh hn`mny cd }gn vb~}g( wgn}gny }gnV~m`dnvn f`d cd j`f} i~chm ` v}ìhn obznydlnd}$

Bdn bj }gn fbdvnp~ndfnv( ~djby}~d`}nhs( bj `hh bj }gn `}}nd}cbd incdo {`cmis }gn ^$V$ `dm b}gnyv cd }gn cd}nyd`}cbd`h fbll~dc}s }b }gn dby}g,vb~}gfbdjhcf}( w`v }g`} c} hhbwnm jby }gn mnznhb{lnd} bj }gn M`yj~y fbdjhcf} inf`~vn}gn wbyhmv nsnv wnyn jbf~vnm nhvnwgnyn$ ]gn ^$V$ `dm b}gnyv mcm db} w`d} }b{ynvv~yn }gn V~m`dnvn obznydlnd} }b v}b{ v~{{by}cdo }gn E`de`wnnm lchc}cìnf`~vn }gns w`d}nm }gn V~m`dnvn obznydlnd} }b in cd jycndmhs ynh`}cbdv cdbymny }b fbl{hn}n }gn cd}noy`}cbd wc}g }gn vb~}g$ ]gn ynv~h} bj }g`} w`v }g`}}gn V~m`dnvn obznydlnd} }bba `mz`d}òn bj }gn cd}nyd`}cbd`h fbll~dc}sv`}}nd}cbd`dm }b vbln ln`v~yn( }gncy v~{{by} `dm obbmwchh jby }gn dby}g,vb~}g cd}noy`}cbd`dm n{hbc}nm }gn vc}~`}cbd cd }gn wnv}( cd M`yj~y$ ]gns`}}nl{}nm }b ~}chcun }g`} b{ndcdo `v ` w`s }b ycm }gnlvnhznv bj ndnlcnv( hbdo,v}`dmcdo ndnlcnv( }gn vb,f`hhnm @jycf`d }ycinv cd }gn wnv} wgb wnyn {yb}nv}cdo}gn l`yocd`hcu`}cbd bj vbfcn}s }gnyn$ Cd vbln ln`v~yn( }gncy oycnz`dfnv f`lnjybl `hh }gn `}}nd}cbd incdo {`cm }b }gn vb~}g5 ndzcb~v bj }g`}( vnncdo `db{ndcdo }gnlvnhznv }b mnl`dm lbyn}b mnl`dm oyn`}ny nfbdblcf ynvb~yfnv(}b mnl`dm {bhc}cf`h yn{ynvnd}`}cbd$ V~m`d cv ` znys( znys ~dv}ìhn fb~d}ys$

]gnyn cv `hvb ` yninhhcbd cd }gn n`v}( db} bd }gn bymny bj M`yj~y is `ds ln`dv(i~} dbdn}gnhnvv( cdv}ìchc}s cd }gn n`v} bzny is }gn Dchnvb V~m`d cv ` znys(znys ~dv}ìhn vc}~`}cbd$

F_5 Vb~dmv hcan vd`}fgcdo mnjn`} b~} bj }gn e`wv bj zcf}bys$ @db}gny

ln}`{gby }g`} fblnv }b lcdm5 c}v db} }g`} wn mcmd} g`zn b~y nsn bd }gn

i`hh( wn e~v} mcmd} adbw }gn i`hh w`v `v ico `v c} w`v$ Hn} ln jbhhbw ~{ wc}g

` fb~{hn bj p~nv}cbdv bd }g`}$ C yn`m ynfnd}hs Ondny`h QYblnb\ M`hh`cynv

`ffb~d}> bj wg`} g`{{ndnm }b gcl {nyvbd`hhs `dm wg`} g`{{ndnm }b }gn

^dc}nm D`}cbdv cdv}c}~}cbd`hhs( wc}g ynv{nf} }b }gn {n`fnann{cdo lcvvcbd

}gnyn( `dm wn adbw ìb~} Vyniyndcf` `dm }gn M~}fg n{nycndfn }gnyn$ Mb

}gnvn c}nlv v~oonv} }g`} wn yn`hhs dnnm }b yn}gcda }gn y~hnv bj ndoònlnd}

}g`} wn oczn }b cd}nyd`}cbd`h jbyfnv `v }gns ob cd `dm nc}gny làn {n`fn by

ann{ {n`fn cd }gnvn ynocbdv2

_V5 _nhh( gnyn C v{nà {nyvbd`hhs `dm db} `v ` yn{ynvnd}`}czn bj @ldnv}s$Cdmnnm( C }gcda }gnyn dnnmv }b in ` v}`dmcdo `yls ~dmny }gn `~v{cfnv bj }gn^dc}nm D`}cbdv inf`~vn }gbvn vb,f`hhnm {n`fnann{cdo jbyfnv( by bivnyznyv cdvbln f`vnv( mcm db} g`zn {nylcvvcbd }gyb~og }gncy y~hnv bj ndoònlnd} }b}àn {yb}nf}czn `f}cbd b}gny }g`d }b mnjndm }gnlvnhznv$ Bd }gn b}gny g`dm( cj}gns g`m g`m v~fg y~hnv( }gn fb~d}ycnv }g`} g`m bjjnynm }gn }ybb{v lcog} g`zninnd lbyn yn}cfnd} }b bjjny }gnl cd }gn jcyv} {h`fn$ @dm wgb adbwv wgn}gny]gn Dn}gnyh`dmv cd }gn f`vn bj Vyniyndcf`( by }gn Inhoc`dv `dm }gn F`d`mc`dvcd }gn f`vn bj Yw dm`( wb~hm g`zn `hhbwnm }gncy }ybb{v }b in {h`fnm }gnyn cj}gns g`m }gb~og} }gns lcog} in cdv}y~f}nm }b }àn vbln lbyn {yb`f}czn `f}cbd2]g`}v wgs C }gcda cd }gn hbdo y~d }gn bdhs }gcdo }g`} wchh làn ` mcjjnyndfncv `d cd}noy`}nm( mcvfc{hcdnm( v}`dmcdo `yls ~dmny }gn `~v{cfnv bj }gn ^dc}nmD`}cbdv$ ]g`} cv fny}`cdhs db} `d @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h {bvc}cbd$ ]gns wb~hmg`zn db {bvc}cbd( C v~v{nf}( bd }g`} p~nv}cbd$ I~} }g`} cv ls bivnyz`}cbd$

F_5 ]gn jhc{ vcmn bj }g`} cv wnzn vnnd cd l`ds bj }gnvn vc}~`}cbdv( fny}`cdhs

cd M`yj~y dbw( }gn y`cvcdo bj }gn i`yycny bj }gn cdmn{ndmnd} d`}cbd,v}`}n `v

`hlbv} ` wn`{bd }b {ynznd} cd}nyd`}cbd`h fbdfnydv jybl incdo yn`hcunm$ @}}gn v`ln }cln wn vnn }gcdov hcan }gn cvv~n wc}g Ondny`h Q@~o~v}b\ [cdbfgn}

`dm }gn p~nv}cbd bj ~dcznyv`h e~ycvmcf}cbd }g`} f`ln ~{ wc}g ynv{nf} }b

g~l`d ycog}v zcbh`}byv `v ` ynv~h} bj }g`}( jcyv} cd Ndoh`dm `dm }gnd cd

V{`cd$: @yn wn vnncdo lbyn jhncichc}s cd }gn db}cbd }g`} yn`hhs cv bdhs 6;;

sn`yv bhm( bj }gn vbznyncod}s bj }gn cdmn{ndmnd} d`}cbd,v}`}n2

_V5 _c}gb~} p~nv}cbd$ Bdn bj }gn lbv} {bvc}czn mnznhb{lnd}v cd }gn 09sn`yv }g`} Czn innd wc}g @ldnv}s g`v innd }gn oybwcdo fh`clcdo bj ~dcznyv`h

> Ondny`h Yblnb M`hh`cyn w`v }gn gn`m bj }gn ^$D$ @vvcv}`dfn Lcvvc bd jby Yw`dm` '^D@LCY#$ Gcv `ffb~d} bj }gnYw`dm`d ondbfcmn cv nd}c}hnm Vgàn G`dmv wc}g }gn Mnzch5 ]gn J`ch~yn bj G~l`dc}s cd Yw`dm` $

: ]gn Gb~vn bj Hbymv( }gn gcognv} fb~y} bj }gn ^dc}nm Acdombl( y~hnm cd 0337 }g`} Ondny`h @~o~v}b [cdbfgn}( }gnjbylny mcf}`}by bj Fgchn jybl 03?6 }b 033;( w`v db} nd}c}hnm }b cll~dc}s jybl n}y`mc }cbd }b V{`cd }b j`fn fyclnvò`cdv} g~l`dc}s$


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e~ycvmcf}cbdfny}`cdhs ynjhnf}nm cd }gn mnfcvcbd bj }gn H`w Hbymv cd }gn^dc}nm Acdombl cd }gn [cdbfgn} f`vn( i~} `hvb ynjhnf}nm cd vbln bj }gnmnfcvcbdv bj }gn Inhoc`d fb~y}v( jby n`l{hn( }b `vvny} e~ycvmcf}cbd bzny g~l`dycog}v bjjndmnyv cd }gncy bwd fb~d}ys( `dm cd vbln fb~y} f`vnv cd }gcv fb~d}ysiyb~og} is `d byo`dcu`}cbd f`hhnm }gn Fnd}ny jby E~v}cfn `dm @ffb~d}ìchc}s }g`}@ldnv}s v}`y}nm( wgcfg yn{ynvnd}v zcf}clv bj }by}~yn ynvcmnd} cd }gcv fb~d}yswgb }àn fczch `f}cbd ò`cdv} }gncy }by}~ynyv `hvb ynvcmnd} cd }gcv fb~d}ys$ ]gnsg`zn mbdn }gcv v~ffnvvj~hhs cd ` d~liny bj f`vnv( lbv} ynfnd}hs cd }gn f`vn bj}wb V`hz`mby`d ondny`hv$ Vb snv( }gnyn cv oybwcdo ynfb~yvn }b }gn fb~y}v( ib}gmblnv}cf`hhs `dm cd}nyd`}cbd`hhs( }b `mmynvv vbln bj }gnvn mnfcvcbdv( `dm C}gcda cd ` znys {bvc}czn w`s$ C }gcda }g`} cd `db}gny ondny`}cbd( fny}`cdhs cd}wb ondny`}cbdv( {nb{hn cd b~y bwd obznydlnd} `dm cd b}gny obznydlnd}v wgbfbllc} wg`} f`d `yo~ìhs in mnvfycinm `v w`y fyclnv wchh dnnm }b }gcda }wcfninjbyn }gns }àn }gbvn `f}cbdv$

C}v innd znys cd}nynv}cdo }b ln }b yn`m vbln bj }gn i`faoyb~dm bj mcvf~vvcbdv(nznd wc}gcd }gn I~vg mlcdcv}y`}cbd( ib~} vbln bj }gn hno`h mnfcvcbdv }g`} wnynyndmnynm$ ]gnyn wnyn fyc}cfcvlv bj }gbvn mnfcvcbdv wc}gcd }gn `mlcdcv}y`}cbd(jybl wc}gcd }gn hno`h bjjcfn bj }gn Mnjndvn Mn{`y}lnd}h`wsnyv y`cvcdo wc}g}gncy v~{nycbyv }gn j`f} }g`} }gns lcog} wnhh in {h`fcdo }gnlvnhznv cd hno`henb{`yms$ ]nd by 9; sn`yv òb( C mbd} }gcda }g`} }g`} }gb~og} wb~hm g`znfybvvnm }gn lcdmv bj ` Mnjndvn Mn{`y}lnd} h`wsny}g`} vblnm`s Mbd`hmY~lvjnhm( wgnd gnv b~} bj bjjcfn( lcog} in gnhm `ffb~d}ìhn$ @dm Cl db}

hczcdo cd ` wbyhm bj j`d}`vs gnyn ndb~og }b inhcnzn }g`} gn nzny wchh in( i~} Cmb }gcda }g`} `db}gny ondny`}cbd by vb jybl dbw( }g`} wchh in j`y lbyn bj `fbdvcmny`}cbd }g`d c} cv }bm`s$

F_5 Bdn h`v} p~nv}cbd jby sb~$ Sb~yn ìb~} }b }~yd }gn yncdv bzny }b

vblnibms nhvn$ _gnyn cv @ldnv}s obcdo jybl gnyn2 _g`} mb sb~ vnn cv

}gn fg`hhndon jby @ldnv}s `dm jby g~l`d ycog}v DOBv Qdbd,obznydlnd}`h

byo`dcu`}cbdv\ cd }gn j~}~yn `v wn lbzn cd}b }gcv fbdj~vcdo }cln2

_V5 _nhh( {`y} bj }gn yn`vbd }gn }cln cv fbdj~vcdo cv inf`~vn }gn I~vg

`mlcdcv}y`}cbd g`v znys v~ffnvvj~hhs `{{yb{yc`}nm g~l`d ycog}v h`do~òn }b}àn `f}cbdv }g`} cd vbln f`vnv g zn ~dmnylcdnm g~l`d ycog}v$ Bdn bj }gnfg`hhndonv }b }gn g~l`d ycog}v fbll~dc}s cv }b ynfh`cl }g`} h`do~òn( `dm }bn{h`cd p~c}n fhn`yhs }g`} }gn {~yv~c} bj mnlbfy`fs cv `d `mlcyìhn ob`h( i~}}g`} gbw c} cv {~yv~nm cv np~`hhs cl{by}`d}$ Cj c} cv {~yv~nm ~dch`}ny`hhs( cj c}cv {~yv~nm cd w`s }g`}( cd njjnf}( }g~liv c}v dbvn } cd}nyd`}cbd`h cdv}c}~}cbdv`dm {yb}bfbhv( }g`} l`s( cd }gn hbdo y~d( ndm ~{ mbcdo j`y lbyn m`lòn }bmnlbfy`fs `dm g~l`d ycog}v }g`d ` lbyn ln`v~ynm {~yv~c} }g`} cv fbd}`cdnmwc}gcd }gn v}ycf}~ynv bj cd}nyd`}cbd`h h`w `dm v}`dm`ymv$ ]g`}( C }gcda( cv `fbdj~vcdo cvv~n1 c} cv `d cvv~n }g`} g`v cd h`yon ln`v~yn l`mn }gn g~l`d ycog}vlbznlnd} vblnwg`} l~}n wc}g yno`ym }b }gn Cy`p w`y$ Bd }gn bdn g`dm( gbwfb~hm wn db} j`zby }gn bzny}gybw bj V`mm`l G~vvncd2 Bd }gn b}gny g`dm( }g`}bzny}gybw g`v b{ndnm }gn mbbyv }b v}chh lbyn my`l`}cf g~l`d ycog}v zcbh`}cbdv(`dm Obm adbwv wg`} }gn j~}~yn gbhmv cd }g`} ynv{nf}$

Vb vby}cdo }gcv b~} cv obcdo }b in bdn bj }gn lèby fg`hhndonv jby }gn g~l`dycog}v lbznlnd}5 vby}cdo }gcv b~}( ynfh`clcdo }gn h`do~òn( làcdo c} fhn`y wgndlchc}`ys cd}nyznd}cbd cv `dm cv db} `{{yb{yc`}n cd }gn d`ln bj g~l`d ycog}v$ C}gcda }gnyn `yn fcyf~lv}`dfnv wgnd c} cv znys `{{yb{yc`}nC f`d nznd clòcdnvbln fcyf~lv}`dfnv ~dmny wgcfg C wb~hm g`zn `yo~nm c} w`v `{{yb{yc`}n }b mn`hwc}g V`mm`l G~vvncd( i~} db} wc}gb~} j`y o yn`}ny {yn{`y`}cbd `dm j`y oyn`}ny~dcjbylc}s bj b{cdcbd cd `dm v`df}cbd jybl }gn cd}nyd`}cbd`h fbll~dc}s$Dbw wn vnn ` vclch`y cvv~n cd ` mcjjnynd} fbd}n} wc}g yno`ym }b Cy`d( `dm C gb{n

wn g`zn hn`ydnm vbln hnvvbdv ìb~} }g`}$ ]g`} C }gcda cv obcdo }b in ` fg`hhndon`} hn`v} cd }gn dn} jnw sn`yv$ Ls ìchc}s }b jbynf`v} l~fg insbdm }g`} cv bd `{`y wc}g F`hzcd Fbbhcmonv ìchc}s( wgb v`cm( _gnd {nb{hn `yn b~} bj wbya(~dnl{hbslnd} wchh ynv~h}$ Vb C mb db} {yn}ndm }b vnn insbdm ` jnw sn`yv$ I~}C }gcda jby }gn cllnmc`}n j~}~yn }g`} cv obcdo }b in ` lèby fg`hhndon jby }gng~l`d ycog}v lbznlnd}$


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jby g~l`d `dm fczch ycog}v cd }gcv fb~d}ys$ ]gn [@]YCB] Cl{ybznlnd} `dmYn`~}gbycu`}cbd @f} w`v vcodnm is [ynvcmnd} I~vg }bm`s$ Injbyn vcodcdo c}(}gn [ynvcmnd} v`cm( @v wn wòn }gn w`y bd }nyyby bznyvn`v( wnyn `hvb obcdo`j}ny }gn }nyybycv}v gnyn `} gbln( `dm bdn bj }gn lbv} cl{by}`d} }bbhv wn g`zn

~vnm }b {yb}nf} }gn @lnycf`d {nb{hn cv }gn [@]YCB] @f}$?

Cd obcdo }gyb~og_chhc`l Vfg~hu dnwnv} ibba( ]`cd}nm Hno`fs5 3"00 `dm }gn Y~cd bj G~l`d Ycog}v(C `l db} v~yn }g`} My$ Vfg~hu wb~hm òynn wc}g }gn [ynvcmnd}v {nyfn{}cbd }g`}}gn [@]YCB] @f} {yb}nf}v @lnycf`d fc}cundv$ Cd gcv ibba gn v`sv( C} cv v`m}g`} ` d`}cbd }g`} g`v `hw`sv {ycmnm c}vnhj bd c}v mnjndvn bj }gn g~l`dn vgb~hmdbw jcdm c}vnhj }gn {ny{n}y`}by bj }gn yn{~od`d}$

_chhc`l Vfg~hu cv Nnf~}czn Mcynf}by bj @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h( {bvc}cbd}g`} gn g`v gnhm vcdfn L`yfg 033=$ ^dmny gcv hn`mnyvgc{( @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`hg`v oybwd cd d~liny bj lnlinyv dm cd cdjh~ndfn( dm wn yn {hn`vnm }g`} }gn^dcznyvc}s bj V`d Mcnob g`v ` dnw @ldnv}s v}~mnd} fg`{}ny$ My$ Vfg~hu( cd`mmc}cbd }b `~}gbycdo ]`cd}nm Hno`fs( g`v `hvb `~}gbynm Cd B~y Bwd Inv} Cd}nynv}5Gbw Mnjndmcdo G~l`d Ycog}v Indnjc}v ^v @hh$ ]gnvn ibbav }g`} gn g`v wyc}}nd g`zn{ybzbanm ` oyn`} mn`h bj mni`}n ìb~} }gn j`}n bj g~l`d ycog}v cd `d ny` bj

}nyybycvl$]gn Dnw Sbya Ynzcnw bj Ibbav

v}`}nv( _chhc`l Vfg~hu g`v mbdn lbyn}g`d `dsbdn cd }gn @lnycf`d g~l`d ycog}v lbznlnd} }b làn g~l`d ycog}vadbwd cd }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv$7

_gnd bdn bj My$ Vfg~hu gnybnv( My$ F`yh Ybonyv( ` jb~dmny bj }gng~l`dcv}cf {vsfgbhbos lbznlnd}( w`v `vanm cj LfF`y}gscvl g`m `jjnf}nmgcl {nyvbd`hhs( gn v`cm c} g`m db}$ I~} gn `mmnm( C g`zn `hw`sv yn`hcunm }g`}cd `ds `~}gbyc}`yc`d }ànbzny cd }gcv fb~d}ys( wgcfg C g`zn `hw`sv yno`ymnm `v

6;

CD]YBM^F]CBD IS EBSFN DN^( NWNF^]CZNMCYNF]BY BJ ]GN EB@D I$ AYBF CDV]C]^]N JBY[N@FN * E^V]CFN

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{bvvcihn( cj }gn mcf}`}by w`v vl`y}( C wb~hm in bdn bj }gn jcyv} {nb{hn gn vgb~hmnhclcd`}n inf`~vn C `l db} hb~mhs v~iznyvczn( C `l mnn{hs v~iznyvczn( wgcfg cvwbyvn$ Vb C gb{n sb~ wchh ebcd ln cd wnhfblcdo ` mnn{hs v~iznyvczn( mnn{hsf`ycdo( fg`l{cbd bj g~l`d ycog}v wgb g`v mnmcf`}nm gcv hcjn }b }gn {~yv~c} bjin}}nycdo `hh bj b~y hcznv( My$ _chhc`l Vfg~hu$

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Vb }gn ~vn bj }by}~yn }gnd( g`vvcdfn }gn Oynnav( bj fb~yvn` hbdogcv}bys$ Cd }gn Lcmmhn @onv( ib}g fczch `dm ynhcocb~v fb~y}v inhcnznm }g`} c} w`v~dn}gcf`h }b fbdzcf} `dsbdn bj ` fycln bd vblnibms nhvnv wbym `hbdn}g`}}gn bdhs z`hcm nzcmndfn jby }gcnzny s by jby gnynvs by jby l~ymny( w`v ` fbdjnvvcbd$@dm( bj fb~yvn( wg`} lbyn njjnf}czn w`s }b nhcfc} ` fbdjnvvcbd }g`d }gn y`fa `dm}gn vfynw2 ]by}~yn w`v v~fg ` yn{~}ìhn cdv}y~lnd} }g`} c} w`v db} ~d}ch 9>0

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C w`d} }b v`s e~v} ` iycnj wbym ìb~} @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h c}vnhj injbyn}~ydcdo }b }gn lèby }b{cf bj }gn nzndcdo$ C adbw }g`} vbln bj sb~ yn`m }gnDnw Sbyany( `dm sb~ `yn j`lchc`y wc}g }gnvn hc}}hn jchhnyv }g`} `yn bj}nd {h`fnm`} }gn ib}}bl bj }gn fbh~ldv$ Bdn bj ls j`zbyc}nv w`v }gcv bdn5 Cl{by}`d}Db}cfn5 Cj sb~ yn bdn bj }gn g~dmynmv bj {`y`fg~}cdo nd}g~vc`v}v wgb ib~og}b~y ibba( Vasmczcdo L`mn N`vs( {hn`vn làn }gn jbhhbwcdo fbyynf}cbd$ Bd {òn 7(hcdn ?( }gn wbymv v}`}n uc{ fbmn vgb~hm g`zn yn`m {~hh yc{fbym$ Dbw wgnd

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@dm }g`} cv }gn {ycdfc{hn }g`} @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h g`v ynhcnm ~{bd vcdfnc} w`v jb~dmnm cd 03:0 cd Oyn`} Iyc}`cd( wgnd ` Iyc}cvg i`yycv}ny is }gn d`ln bj[n}ny Indndvbd yn`m bj }wb fbhhnon v}~mnd}v cd [by}~o`h~dmny mcf}`}byvgc{`} }gn }cln bj ` l`d d`lnm V`hù`ywgb g`m obdn mbwd }b }gncy hbf`h {~i(y`cvnm }gncy oh`vvnv bj inny( }b`v}nm }b jynnmbl( `dm cllnmc`}nhs innd `yynv}nmis }gn vnfyn} {bhcfn$ @dm Indndvbd }gb~og} }b gclvnhj( C wbdmny cj vbln bj~v gnyn cd Oyn`} Iyc}`cd wnyn }b wyc}n }b }gn [by}~onvn obznydlnd}( `va jby }gncy


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6:

sn`yv òb( 0?>=( }g`} cybdcf`hhs( [y~vvc`}bm`s( Onyl`dsinf`ln }gn jcyv}fb~d}ys }b ìbhcvg }by}~yn `h}bon}gny$ @dm }gnd jby ìb~} 0>; sn`yv( }by}~ynwnd} b~} bj zbo~n$ I~} cd }gn 9;}g fnd}~ys( c} y`cvnm c}v ~ohs gn`m ò`cd( `dmdbw }gnyn w`v }gcv mcjjnyndfn5 wgnyn`v cd `dfcnd} Oynnfn( cd lnmcnz`h N~yb{n(}by}~yn g`m innd ~vnm vbhnhs }b mn}nylcdn }y~}g by }b fbdzcf} vblnbdn bj `fycln( cd }gn 9;}g fnd}~ys( }by}~yn inf`ln `d cdv}y~lnd} bj {hn`v~yn( ` ln`dvbj cd}clcm`}cdo sb~y {bhc}cf`h b{{bdnd}v( ` w`s }b cdjhcf} {`cd bd `db}gny{nyvbd jby }gn vgnny( v`mcv}cf ebs bj c}$ C }gcda wn vnn( cd }gn {cf}~ynv jybl@i~ Ogy`ci( }g`} n{hcfc}hs fhn`y$ Bdn f`ddb} nznd {yn}ndm }g`} jbyfcdo dànm{ycvbdnyv }b jbyl ` {sy`lcm( by }b in }n}gnynm }b ` hn`vg hcan ` mbo( vnyznm `ds{~y{bvn b}gny }g`d vgnny g~lchc`}cbd$ ]gn `dfcnd} Oynnav( }by}~ynyv }g`} }gnswnyn( wb~hm g`zn innd vg`lnm bj ~v$ @dm }by}~yn cv } }gn gn`y} bj @ldnv}svlcvvcbd$ Vb cj sb~ w`d} }b hn`yd lbyn ìb~} }gcv byo`dcu`}cbd `dm ebcd c}( fgnfab~} }gn wnivc}n `} `ldnv}s~v`$byo$

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_gnd C w`v ` vb{gblbyn cd gcog vfgbbh( C inf`ln `fp~`cd}nm wc}g `ynhcocb~v lbznlnd} }g`} f`hhnm c}vnhj Lby`h Yn,@yl`lnd}$ C mcm db} adbw `hb} ib~} Lby`h Yn,@yl`lnd}( i~} C vbbd hn`ydnm }g`} {y`f}c}cbdnyv bj Lby`hYn,@yl`lnd} wnyn ynp~cynm }b jbhhbw jb~y zcy}~nve~v} jb~y( i~} }b jbhhbw}gbvn zcy}~nv wc}gb~} fbl{yblcvn$ Lby`h Yn,@yl`lnd} {y`f}c}cbdnyv wnyn}b in ìvbh~}nhs gbdnv}( ìvbh~}nhs {~yn( ìvbh~}nhs ~dvnhjcvg( `dm }b mcv{h`sìvbh~}n hbzn$ _nhh( }b ` 0=,sn`y,bhm( }gcv vnnlnm hcan `d nlcdnd}hs vndvcihn{gchbvb{gs bj hcjn( `dm C mnfcmnm }b infbln ` jbhhbwny bj }gbvn jb~y ìvbh~}nzcy}~nv$ @dm jby ìb~} ?9 gb~yv( C w`v$ @dm jby }gbvn ?9 gb~yv C }ycnm dnzny}b hcn }b ls {`ynd}v by ls }n`fgnyv1 C }ycnm }b z`dp~cvg nznys cl{~yn }gb~og}jybl ls gn`m1 C }ycnm }b in ondnyb~v }b ` j`~h}$ I~} oy`m~`hhs c} ino`d }b m`wdbd ln }g`} }wb by lbyn ìvbh~}n {ycdfc{hnv lcog} bff`vcbd`hhs on} cd n`fgb}gnyv w`s$ @ivbh~}n gbdnv}s( cd {`y}cf~h`y( vnnlnm {ny{n}~`hhs `} bmmv wc}g}gn b}gny zcy}~nv$ ]gcv w`v iyb~og} gbln }b ln bdn dcog} cd ` {bcod`d} j`vgcbdwgnd `d nhmnyhs ynh`}cznl~fg,inhbznm( i~} db}bycb~v wc}gcd }gn j`lchs jbygny i`m iyn`}g`vanm ln }b oczn gny ` ico acvv bd }gn hc{v$ Dbw( wgcfg bj}gbvn ìvbh~}n zcy}~nv w`v C }b jbhhbw5 ìvbh~}n gbdnv}s by ìvbh~}n hbzn2 @dmvb wc}gcd ?9 gb~yv C mnfcmnm }g`} C wb~hm g`zn }b ynenf} }gn `{{n`h bj Lby`h

67

v~v{cfcbd wc}g wgcfg g~l d ycog}v `yn yno`ymnm cd l~fg bj }gn mnznhb{cdowbyhm ynjhnf}v db} bdhs }gn fg`hhndon }g`} }gns fbdv}c}~}n }b nd}yndfgnm {bwnyv(in }gbvn }gn {bwnyv bj mcf}`}byv( hcan [ynvcmnd} Q@hn`dmny\ H~a`vgndab cdInh`y~v( by }gn f~h}~y`h {bwnyv bj }gbvn wgb mnjndm {y`f}cfnv v~fg `v jnl`hnondc}`h l~}ch`}cbd$ Db( }gn v~v{cfcbd bj g~l`d ycog}v cv ondny`}nm `hvb is }gnj`f} }g`} wc}gb~} ndjbyfnlnd} lnfg`dcvlv `} c}v mcv{bv`h( cd}nyd`}cbd`h h`w~{bd wgcfg ~dcznyv`h g~l`d ycog}v `yn i`vnm cv hc}}hn lbyn }g`d ` wgcl `dm `{y`sny$ @dm wgs }gnd b~og} `dsbdn }b {h`fn gcv by gny hcjn cd }gn g`dmv bj v~fg` jyòchn {yb}nf}by2

Vb }gn jb~y}g fg`hhndon injbyn }gn g~l`d ycog}v lbznlnd} cv }b {~} vblngnj} cd}b cd}nyd`}cbd`h g~l`d ycog}v }yn`}cnv `dm v}`}~}nv$ ]gn fyn`}cbd bj }gnCd}nyd`}cbd`h Fyclcd`h Fb~y} `dm }gn o ybwcdo ynfbodc}cbd }g`} g~l`d ycog}vfyclcd`hv( hcan Ondny`h Q@~o~v}b\ [cdbfgn}( l`s wnhh in gnhm `ffb~d}ìhn jby}gncy fyclnv}gnvn `yn cl{by}`d}( i~} }gns `yn bdhs v}n{v$ ]gns `yn cl{by}`d}v}n{v( i~} vl`hh v}n{v( }bw`ym ` wbyhm }y~hs jynn bj cl{~dc}s$ I~} v~fg `wbyhm wchh dnzny fbln cd}b ncv}ndfn cj }gn wbyhmv oyn`}nv} {bwny fbd}cd~nv}b ~dmnylcdn }gn znys db}cbd bj `d cd}nyd`}cbd`h fbll~dc}s$ G~l`d ycog}v`yn h`yonhs i`vnm ~{bd wg`} wn ~vnm }b f`hh ` ond}hnlndv òynnlnd}( ~{bd `jyòchn vf`jjbhmcdo bj ynv{nf} jby cd}nyd`}cbd`h b{cdcbd( fb~{hnm wc}g ` mnvcyn}b in vnnd v ~{gbhmcdo }gn gcognv} }ndn}v bj ` fczchcunm wbyhm$ ]gns ynp~cyn }gn`vv~l{}cbd( nv{nfc`hhs bd }gn {`y} bj }gn lbv} {bwnyj~h( }g`} }gns( }bb( wchh ingnhm `ffb~d}ìhn }b }gn h`w}g`} e~v} inf`~vn wn `yn {bwnyj~h mbnv db} ln`d

}g`} wn f`d fh`cl ` {`vv jybl incdo ynv{bdvcihn$ @dm c} cv }g`} `vv~l{}cbd(`jjcylnm jby lbyn }g`d >; sn`yv is Yn{~ihcf`d `dm Mnlbfy`}cf {ynvcmnd}v`hcan( }g`} g`v fbln ~dmny }gyn`} cd }gn h`v} jczn sn`yv$ @dm }gcv cv }gn jcj}gfg`hhndon }b }gn g~l`d ycog}v lbznlnd}( `dm c} cv }gn bdn C w`d} }b }`ha }b sb~ìb~} }bdcog}$

C bdfn yn`m vblnwgnyn }g`} }gn }gynn lbv} {b{~h`y }b{cfv jby ibbav cd}gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv `yn vn( mbov `dm @iy`g`l Hcdfbhd$ _gnd C yn`m }g`}( Ccllnmc`}nhs mn}nylcdnm }g`} C wb~hm wyc}n ` ibba ìb~} }gn vn hcznv bj@iy`g`l Hcdfbhdv mbov( ` v~yn inv}vnhhny$ I~} }gn lbyn C hbbanm cd}b }gn }b{cf(


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hclc}`}cbdv$ I~} }gn obznydlnd} g`v db} v}b{{nm }b fbdvcmny }gn j~hh cl{hcf` }cbdvbj c}v fbl{yblcvn bj g~l`d ycog}v( db} hn`v} bj `hh }gn cl{hcf`}cbdv jby }gnv~ffnvv bj }gn w`y bd }nyyby c}vnhj`dm C w`d} }b `mlc} znys( znys p~cfahs }bsb~( }g`} wn cd }gn g~l`d ycog}v lbznlnd} g`zn ~}}nyhs `dm fbl{hn}nhs j`chnm}b y}cf~h`}n v}y`}nos jby jcog}cdo }nyybycvl( }g`} cv( jby {yb}nf}cdo }gn ycog} }bvnf~yc}s bj {nyvbd( wgchn } }gn v`ln }cln( nnyfcvcdo b{}cl`h ynv{nf} jby hh bj}gn b}gny ycog}v$

@ jnw m`sv `j}ny Vn{}nliny 00( ` sb~do l`d is }gn d`ln bj FgncagLnh`cdcdn b~hm Inh`c( w`v }ànd cd}b f~v}bms is }gn JIC$ B~hm Inh`c w`v}gn 9;,sn`y bhm vbd bj ` L`~yc}`dc`d mc{hbl`}$ Gn v{ban db Ndohcvg$ ]gnJIC {ybzcmnm db }y`dvh`}by( `dm vb jby =; m`sv( gn w`v vg~}}hnm in}wnnd bdnmn}nd}cbd fnd}ny `dm `db}gny( `dm db} `hhbwnm }b fbdv~h} ` h`wsny by }b v{nàwc}g gcv j`lchs$ @dm }gnd `j}ny =; m`sv gn w`v jcd`hhs ynhn`vnm$ Gn w`v db}fg`yonm wc}g ` fycln( g`m db}gcdo }b mb wc}g }nyybycvl( i~} gn w`v mn{by}nm$]gn obznydlnd} g`m nznys ycog} }b mn{by} gclgn g`m bznyv}`snm gcv zcv`$_nhh( gn bznyv}`snm gcv zcv` inf`~vn gn w`v cd JIC f~v}bms1 i~} dbdn}gnhnvv( }gnobznydlnd} g`m nznys ycog} }b mn{by } gcl$ I~} injbyn gn hnj}( b~hm Inh`c l`mnbdn znys }nhhcdo fbllnd} }b }gn Dnw Sbya ]clnv5 C ~vnm }b hcan }gn ^dc}nmV}`}nv( gn v`cm( Dbw( C mb db} ~dmnyv}`dm c}$ C ~vnm }b w`d} }b hn`yd }b v{nàNdohcvg$ Dbw( C mb db} w`d} nzny }b gn`y Ndohcvg v{band ò`cd$3

Dbw( b~hm Inh`c cv }s{cf`h bj `} hn`v} 0(9;; jbyncod d`}cbd`hv }ànd cd}b

f~v}bms cd }gn wnnav jbhhbwcdo 3"00zcy}~`hhs `hh bj }gnl L~vhcl0(9;;jbyncod d`}cbd`hv }ànd cd}b f~v}bms1 cd h`yon ln`v~yn( mn{ycznm bj `ffnvv }bh`wsnyv by }gncy j`lchs( `dm bj}nd l`d,g`dmhnm `dm lcv}yn`}nm$ ]wb wnnavòb( }gn jcyv} fczch v~c} bj bdn bj }gbvn }ànd cd}b f~v}bms w`v vn}}hnm is }gn^$V$ obznydlnd} jby -6;;(;;;$ ]gn obznydlnd} mcmd} w`d} }b }àn }g`} v~c}}b fb~y}$ B~hm Inh`c cv }s{cf`h bj g~dmynmv bj }gbvn wgb `yn incdo gnhm }bm`s`v l`}nyc`h wc}dnvvnv( vb,f`hhnm l`}nyc`h wc}dnvvnv( zcy}~`hhs hh bj }gnl @yì(L~vhcl$ Gn cv }s{cf`h bj >,:(;;; jbyncod v}~mnd}v( `hh bj }gnl jybl L~vhclfb~d}ycnvwc}g }gn nfn{}cbd bj }gbvn jybl Dby}g Abyn`wgb g zn innd

=;

Yn,`yl`lnd}( dbihn `v c} w`vynenf} c}v cmn`v `v {gchbvb{gcf`hhs i`day~{}( `dmì`dmbd }gnl jby }gn vàn bj cd}nhhnf}~`h fbdvcv}ndfs$ I~} `} ` znys n`yhs òn Chn`ydnm }gn g`ym }y~}g }g`} vn} bj cde~df}cbdv( hh bj wgcfg yn }b in ndjbyfnmcd np~`h ln`v~yn( `yn ib~dm }b on} cd n`fg b}gnyv w`s$

@dm }gcv cdvcog} ìb~} }gn hclc} bj ìvbh~}nv cv `d cl{by}`d} bdn jbyg~l`d ycog}v inf`~vn }gn dcznyv`h Mnfh`y`}cbd bj G~l`d Ycog}v( }gn inmybfacdv}y~lnd} ~{bd wgcfg g~l`d ycog}v `yn i`vnm( fbd}`cdv lbyn }g`d =; v~fgycog}v$ @dm vb wg`} `yn wn }b mb cj bdn vn} bj ycog}v fblnv cd fbdjhcf} wc}g`db}gny2 Bdn bj }gn ycog}v cd }gn ^dcznyv`h Mnfh`y`}cbd( @y}cfhn 6( o~`y`d}nnv}g`} nznysbdn g`v }gn ycog} }b vnf~yc}s bj {nyvbd$ Vb }g`} ln`dv }g`} incdo v`jnjybl }nyybycvl cv db} e~v} ` dcfn cmn`( c} cv b~y ycog} `v g~l`d incdov$ Cd j`f}(vbln wb~hm `yo~n( c} cv }gn lbv} cl{by}`d} ycog} inf`~vn cj sb~yn mn`m( sb~f`d g`ymhs nnyfcvn `ds bj }gn b}gny ycog}v$ @dm vb wg`} mb wn mb cj }gn ^$V$obznydlnd} cv fbyynf} wgnd c} v`sv }g`} cd bymny }b ndjbyfn @y}cfhn 6( }gn ycog}}b vnf~yc}s( c} l`s g`zn }b zcbh`}n( v`s( @y}cfhn 0;( wgcfg o~`y`d}nnv ~v m~n{ybfnvv cj wn `yn fg`yonm wc}g ` fycln2

I~} }gn obznydlnd} g`v db} v}b{{nm }b fbdvcmny }gn

j~hh cl{hcf`}cbdv bj c}v fbl{yblcvn bj g~l`d ycog}v( db} hn`v} bj

`hh }gn cl{hcf`}cbdv jby }gn v~ffnvv bj }gn w`y bd }nyyby c}vnhj$

_nhh( }gn Mnfh`y`}cbd {ybzcmnv vbln o~cm`dfn$ C} v`sv }g`} cd fny}`cdfcyf~lv}`dfnv( cd }gn j`fn bj }gyn`}v }b }gn {~ihcf bymny dm }gn ondny`h wnhj`yn(wn l`s hclc} ycog}v( `} hn`v} jby ` iycnj {nycbm bj }cln$ @dm vb }gn p~nv}cbdinfblnv( gbw l`ds hclc}`}cbdv bd b~y ycog}v `yn dnfnvv`ys2 Cj wn `ffn{} }gn{bvc}cbd bj b~y obznydlnd}( }gn `dvwny cv p~c}n ` jnw hclc}`}cbdv$ Cj wn `ffn{}}gn {bvc}cbd bj ~v cd }gn g~l`d ycog}v fbll~dc}s( }gn `dvwny cv zcy}~`hhs db

3 Vnn Ynh`}nm Ynvb~yfnv$


22/36

=6

p~nv}cbd$ @dm C `hvb jco~yn }g`} }gcv hc}}hn {`yìhn g`v ` }gcdo by }wb }b }n`fg ~vìb~} jcog}cdo }nyybycvl inf`~vn bd }gn j`fn bj c}( }gn inv} fb~yvn wb~hm g`zninnd }b in`} ]bds vndvnhnvv$ Vbln}clnv sb~ e~v} g`zn }b v}`dm ~{ }b i~hhcnv1}gnyn cv db}gcdo wybdo wc}g ~vcdo lchc}`ys {bwny( `} hn`v} jybl ` g~l`d ycog}v{nyv{nf}cznvbln}clnv sb~ e~v} g`zn }b mb }g`}( vbln}clnv sb~ g`zn }b ob`j}ny }gn i`m o~sv `dm on} nl$

I~} `v ]`hhsy`dm bivnyznm( sb~ f`d mb `ds}gcdo `} `hh wc}g ` i`sbdn}( nfn{}}b vc} bd c}$ @dm cj C g`m {~yv~nm }gn l`y}c`h fb~yvn `hbdn( db} ib}gnycdo }bd~y}~yn ls `hhc`dfnv wc}g ls jycndmv( db} ib}gnycdo }b yn`fg b~} }b }gn lbyn{nyv~`mìhn vnolnd} bj ]bdsv yn}cd~n}gn }gynn o~sv wgb wnyn ~dmnfcmnmClcog} g`zn innd cd jby hbdo( d`v}s i`}} hn$ @dm c} v}ycanv ln }g`} b~y obznydlnd}g`v ob}}nd }gn i`sbdn} wbya mbdn lcog}s wnhh cd }gn w`y bd }nyyby( i~} c} ann{v}yscdo }b vc} bd }gn }c{( inf`~vn fbd}y`ys }b chh,cdjbylnm ycog},wcdo b{cdcbdcd }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv( }gn z`v} lèbyc}s bj L~vhclv mcm db} `{{h`~m wgnd }gn{h`dnv gc} }gncy }`yon}v bd 3"00$ I~} db} bdhs yn }gn z`v} lèbyc}s bj L~vhclvanndhs `fp~`cd}nm wc}g {bzny}s `dm fbyy~{}cbd `dm mcv`{{bcd}lnd}( i~} }gns`yn `hvb `w`yn }g`} }gn ynv{bdvcichc}s jby }gbvn fbdmc}cbdv hcnv vp~`ynhs wc}g}gncy obznydlnd}v1 wc}g }gn h`fa bj mnlbfy`fs1 }gn mndc`h bj g~l`d ycog}v1}gn hbwhs v}`}~v bj wblnd( cd {`y}cf~h`y( wc}g c}v `}}ndm d} w`v}n bj g~l`dynvb~yfnv1 ~dnl{hbslnd}1 nfbdblcf v}òd`}cbd1 wcmnv{yn`m hbb}cdo bj }gn{~ihcf }yn`v~ys}gnvn wb~hm in mcjjcf~h} ndb~og jby `ds {b{~h`}cbd }b in`y(nznd cj c} mcm g`zn `ffnvv }b lnfg`dcvlv '{n`fnj~h( dbdzcbhnd} lnfg`dcvlv#

}gyb~og wgcfg }b yno~h`yhs yn{h`fn ynoclnv by zbcfn mcvvnd}$ I~} bj }gn >?lnliny v}`}nv bj }gn Byo`dcu`}cbd bj }gn Cvh`lcf Fbdjnyndfn( bdhs }wbbdhsI`doh`mnvg `dm ]~yansg`zn l`dònm }b v~v}`cd `ds}gcdo hcan mnlbfy`fs bzny`d n}ndmnm {nycbm bj }cln$

@dm vb cd }gn ivndfn bj dbdzcbhnd}( mnlbfy`}cf w`sv }gyb~og wgcfg {nb{hnf`d n{ynvv jy~v}y`}cbd( wgnyn mb }gns vnna jby {bhc}cf`h fg`don2 C} cv g`ymhsv~y{ycvcdo }g`} }gns vbln}clnv hbba wc}g vsl{`}gs ~{bd {bhc}cf`h dm ynhcocb~vn}ynlcv}v wgb bjjny }g`} lbv} y`yn bj fbllbmc}cnv5 `d `h}nyd`}czn zcvcbd$ Cd}gcv ynv{nf}( [ynvcmnd} I~vg cv db} wybdo5 }gn cd}ybm~f}cbd bj mnlbfy`fs l`s

=9

jbyfnm }b ynocv}ny wc}g }gn obznydlnd}( jcdony,{ycd}nm$ @dm }gn p~nv}cbd wng`zn }b `va b~yvnhznv cv5 `yn wn }y~hs v`jny jby g`zcdo lcv}yn`}nm {nb{hn wgb g`m{ynzcb~vhs hbbanm ~{bd }gcv fb~d}ys wc}g `mlcy`}cbd `dm ynv{nf}( by lcog} }g`}db} in ` v~ynjcyn w`s }b làn }gn wbyhm lbyn m`donyb~v2

_gnd C w`v oybwcdo ~{ cd [c}}vi~yog cd }gn 03:;v( C w`v `jy`cm( }y~hs`jy`cm( bj e~v} }wb }gcdov$ C w`v `jy`cm bj d~fhn`y w`y( `dm C w`v `jy`cm bj]bds V`d}ò~cmb$ Dbw( C w`v `jy`cm bj d~fhn`y w`y inf`~vn ls {`ynd}v g`mfbljby}cdohs `vv~ynm ln }g`} wgnd w`y f`ln( [c}}vi~yog v}nnh lchhv wb~hm in}gn znys jcyv} }`yon} }g`} }gn Y~vvc`dv iblinm$ I~} wgnd C hn`ydnm cd vfgbbh}g`} cj C wnyn }b lnynhs m~fa `dm fbzny ~dmny ls wbbmnd mnva( C wb~hm in v`jnjybl y`mc`}cbd( C cllnmc`}nhs ynhno`}nm d~fhn`y w`y }b ` l~fg hbwny {h`fn bdls hc}`ds bj wbyycnv$ I~} }g`} hnj} ]bds V`d}ò~cmb( }gn dncogibygbbm i~hhs$Bdn m`s ]bds f`~og} ln wc}g ` hnj} gbba }b }gn e`w }g`} {nyv~`mnm ln( bd }gnv{b}( }b infbln ` fhnyos {nyvbd$ Dbw( }gn lbv} bizcb~v w`s }b g`zn mn`h} wc}g]bds( C v~{{bvn( wb~hm g`zn innd }b g`zn ihbbmcnm gcv dbvn ycog} i`fa$ @dmcj C g`m innd bdn }b mb ls jcog}cdo wc}g `ds}gcdo b}gny }g`d wbymv( C lcog}g`zn }ànd }g`} fb~yvn$ I~} C w`v db} fbdjcmnd} bj ls vachhv `v ` {~ochcv}( `dminvcmnv ( C adnw }g`} ]bds g`m ` znys h`yon j`lchs$ C v~v{nf}nm }g`} cj is vblnlcy`fhn C mcm l`dòn }b {ynz`ch ò`cdv} gcl( gcv iyb}gnyv by gcv fb~vcdv wb~hmg`zn vb~og} ln b~}( `dm C wb~hm g`zn innd hczcdo cd ` wbyhm bj {ny{n}~`h jn`y}g`} wb~hm g`zn l`mn }gn h}nyd`}czn bj d~fhn`y w`y wnhfbln$

@dm vb C vn}}hnm bd mcjjnynd} }`fa$ C mnfcmnm( cd }gn jcyv} {h`fn( }b v~yyb~dmlsvnhj wc}g `v h`yon ` oyb~{ bj ls jycndmv `v {bvvcihn wgndnzny C vndvnm }g`}]bds lcog} in cd }gn dncogibygbbm$ @dm C mnfcmnm }b yn`fg b~} }b }wb by }gynnb}gny lnlinyv bj ]bdsv o`do wgb wnyn db} `v chh,mcv{bvnm }bw`ym ln `v gnw`v }b vnn cj C fb~hm {ynz`ch ~{bd }gnl }b on} gcl }b hn`zn ln hbdn$ @dm l~fg}b ls `v}bdcvglnd}( `j}ny ` jnw wnnav( }gnvn m~`h }`f}cfv ino`d }b wbya$ C dnznyyn`hhs adnw wg`} g`m fg`donm( wg`} msd`lcfv g`m fg`donm1 i~} C jco~yn( cdyn}ybv{nf}( }g`} c} g`m vbln}gcdo }b mb wc}g F`vns V}ndonhv j`lb~v bivnyz`}cbd}g`} }gn vnfyn} bj ` oyn`} i`vni`hh l`dòny cv }b ann{ }gn }wb o~sv }g`} g`}nsb~y o~}v `w`s jybl }gn }gynn o~sv wgb `} }gn lblnd} `yn ~dmnfcmnm ìb~} }gn


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}gn vn~`h g~lchc`}cbd bj L~vhclv } @i~ Ogy`ci( wgcfg cv c}vnhj ` mnz`v}`}cdocdv~h} }b }gn Cvh`lcf j`c}g$ C} cv }gn {ybhcjny`}cbd bj {gb}boy`{gv mbf~lnd}cdo}g`} g~lchc`}cbd{gb}boy`{gv }g`} bd }gn bdn g`dm g`zn {ynznd}nm }gncdnzc}ìhn mndc`h bj lcv}yn`}lnd} is b~y obznydlnd}( i~} `} }gn v`ln }clninfbln cfbdcf yn{ynvnd}`}cbdv bj b~y {nyjcms }b L~vhclv `dm b}gnyv `yb~dm}gn wbyhm$ C} cv }gn j`f} }g`} c} w`v L~vhcl v}~mnd}v wgb wnyn vcdohnm b~} wgndv}~mnd}v wnyn jbyfnm }b ynocv}ny wc}g }gn obznydlnd}$ C} cv }gn j`f} }g`} }gn JIC`fadbwhnmonm e~v} ` jnw wnnav òb }g`} c} g`m yno~h`yhs fbdm~f}nm y`mc`}cbd}nv}v `yb~dm L~vhcl lbvp~nv gnyn cd }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv( nznd }gb~og c} g`m db{`y}cf~h`y nzcmndfn }g`} ` lbvp~n w`v cdzbhznm wc}g mcy}s ibliv by }nyybycvl$C} cv }gn j`f} }g`} ynv{nf}ìhn hn`mnyv( hcan Iy`dmbd L`sjcnhm( [by}h`dm( Bynobdh`wsny( w`v wybdoj~hhs `ff~vnm bj incdo `vvbfc`}nm wc}g }gn L`mycm iblicdo(`dm wgb e~v} g`{{ndnm }b g`zn fbdzny}nm }b Cvh`l$

@dm c} cv }gn fbl{`ds wn ann{ nznys }cln wn fbus ~{ }b }gn V`~mc ybs`hj`lchs( fbdfnydnm `v wn `yn jby }gn jhbw bj bch $ _n `hcnd`}n }gbvn lbmny`}nL~vhclv wgb adbw }g`} jby l`ds V`~mc hn`mnyv( fbyy~{}cbd cv ` j`f} bj hcjn(`dm }g`} cd V`~mc @yìc`( `ds L~vhcl wgb bienf}v }b }gn jbyl bj Cvh`l{y`f}cfnm }gnyn( _ ggìcvl( f`d gclvnhj by gnyvnhj in fbdvcmnynm `d cdjcmnh( ìh`v{gnlny( `dm nznd nnf~}nm$ Nznys }cln wn `hhbw }gn Fgcdnvn( b~y nfbdblcf`hhcnv( }b on} `w`s wc}g {nyvnf~}cdo L~vhcl ^cog~yv cd }gn wnv}nyd {ybzcdfnv bjFgcd` cd }gn d`ln bj jcog}cdo }nyybycvl dm hhbw }gnl }b fc}n $V$ {y`f}cfnv cd}gn w`y bd }nyyby `v e~v}cjcf`}cbd jby }gncy `f}cbdvnznys }cln wn mb `hh }gcv( wn

}~yd wgc}n }gn g`cy bj nznd b~y lbv} `ymnd} L~vhcl v~{{by}nyv$ @dm wn {h`sycog} cd}b icd H`mndv g`dmv( jby wn `{{n`y }b fbdjcyl gcv fh`cl }g`} wn bdhsjbhhbw }gn y~hnv wgnd c} cv fbdzndcnd}( }g`} wn f`yn jby dbibms i~} b~yvnhznv(`dm `yn cd j`f} db} b~} }b i~chm ` wbyhm cd wgcfg }gbvn bj nznys j`c}g f`d ingbdbynm( i~} ` wbyhm cd wgcfg bdhs @lnycf` `dm c}v `hhcnv gbhm }gn {~yvn v}ycdov`dm }gn {bwny$

_nhh( wg`} f`d wn mb wc}g `hh bj }gcv2 Hn} ln bjjny vnznd v~oonv}cbdv$]gn jcyv} }gcdo }g`} wn f`d mb cv }g`} nznys vcdohn bdn bj ~v f`d hn`yd gbw }bynj~}n }gn }cfacdo ibli `yo~lnd}( }gn db}cbd }g`} cv n{ynvvnm cd bdn jbyl by

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wnhh in `d cl{by}`d} v}n{ cd }gn }y`dvjbyl`}cbd bj }gnvn vbfcn}cnv( i~} db}}gn bdhs v}n{( `dm db} cd}ybm~fnm }gn w`s c} g`v innd$ @dm vb }gn inv} w`s}b {nyv~`mn }gn }gynn o~sv wgb `yn ~dmnfcmnm ìb~} n}ynlcvl}g`} cv( }gninv} w`s }b {nyv~`mn }gn lchhcbdv `dm lchhcbdv bj L~vhclv `dm @yìv `yb~dm}gn wbyhm wgb wnyn db} cdgnynd}hs chh,mcv{bvnm }bw`ym }gn ^dc}nm V}`}nv bdVn{}nliny 00( i~} wgb cdmnnm l`s }bm`s g`zn mcjjnynd} zcnw bj b~y ondm`}gn inv} w`s }b {nyv~`mn }gnl }b fb~d}ny }gn `{{n`h bj }nyybycvl cv jby }gn^dc}nm V}`}nv }b mcv{h`s nlcdnd} ynv{nf} jby }gn Cvh`lcf }y`mc}cbdv( dm }b in lbmnh bj ynv{nf} jby g~l`d ycog}v b~yvnhznv$

I~} C g`ymhs dnnm }b }nhh sb~ }g`} }gb~og cd b~y ygn}bycfwgcfg g`vondny`hhs innd ynv{nf}j~h bj Cvh`lwn g`zn }ànd }g`} fb~yvn( b~y `f}cbdv g`znv`cm n`f}hs }gn b{{bvc}n$ C} cv db} e~v}( bj fb~yvn( }g`} wn cdf`yfny }nm :;;L~vhclv `} O~`d}d`lb I`s( `dm gnhm }gnl cd cdfbll~dcf`mb mn}nd}cbd1 c} cvdb} e~v} }g`} wn g`zn mndcnm }b }wb ^$V$ fc}cundv wgb g`{{nd }b in L~vhcl

Ebvn [ mchh` `dm S vvny G`lmc}gn lbv} j~dm`lnd}`h ycog}v cd }gn $V$ hncfbdbj e~ycv{y~mnd}c`h ycog}v( }g`} cv( }gn ycog} }b adbw wg`} sb~ `yn fg`yonm wc}gwgnd sb~ `yn `yynv}nm( `dm }gn ycog} }b `d `}}bydns }b mnjndm sb~yvnhj1 c} cv db}e~v} }g`} wn g`zn ~vnm [ynm`}by lcvvchnv }b f`yys b~} n}y`,e~mcfc`h nnf~}cbdvbj jczn L~vhclv myczcdo mbwd }gn yb`m cd Snlnd1 c} cv db} e~v} }g`} wn g`zn}by}~ynm g~dmynmv bj L~vhcl mn}`cdnnv1 c} cv db} e~v} }g`} wn g`zn yndmnynmObm adbwv gbw l`ds bj }gnl }b b}gny fb~d}ycnv adbwd }b ~vn }by}~yn cd }gncycd}nyybo`}cbd }nfgdcp~nv1 c} cv db} e~v} `hh }gcvsb~ adbw `hh }gcv$ C} cv db} e~v}

`hh }gcv( i`m `v }g`} g`v innd( }g`} g`v l`mn c} lbyn `dm lbyn mcjjcf~h}( cj db}cl{bvvcihn( jby lbmny`}n L~vhclv `dm }gbvn wgb wnyn ~dmnfcmnm ìb~} ~v}b inhcnzn }g`} }gn w`y bd }nyyby cv cdmnnm `v wn v`s c} cv5 ` w`y cd mnjndvn bjjynnmbl `dm }gn y~hn bj h`w( `dm db} ` w`y ò`cdv} Cvh`lc} cv `hvb gbw wng`zn {ybvnf~}nm }g`} w`y$

C} cv }gn mnvnfy`}cbd bj Aby`dv$ C} cv }gn cd}nd}cbd`h zcbh`}cbd bj Cvh`lcfv}ycf}~ynv ò`cdv} l`hnv g`zcdo fbd}`f} wc}g wblnd }g`} g`v innd {h`snm b~} vbmy`l`}cf`hhs cd yn{by }v bj cd}nyybo`}cbd }nfgdcp~nv( v~fg v }gn wbl`d o~`ym }O~`d}d`lb wgb {yn}ndmnm }b vln`y gny lndv}y~`h ihbbm bd ` mn}`cdnn$ C} cv


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`v }gn v}`dm`ym( }gn i`vnhcdn( jby `hh cd}nyybo`}cbd( cv ìb~} }b in ynzcvnm is }gn`mlcdcv}y`}cbd$ Fbdoynvv l~v} cdvcv} bd ndjbyfnlnd} bj }gn h`w$

Vc}g( hn} ~v b~}h`w n}y`bymcd`ys yndmc}cbdv( }gn {y`f}cfn bj }y`dvjnyycdo{ycvbdnyv jybl }gcv fb~d}ys }b b}gny fb~d}ycnv( hcan Lbybffb `dm Nos{}( }g`}`yn db}bycb~v jby }gncy ~vn bj }by}~yn$ Fbdoynvvl`d QNmw ym\ L`yans bjL`vv`fg~vn}}v g`v cd}ybm~fnm hnocvh`}cbd }b }g`} njjnf}( `dm @lnycf`d g~l`dycog}v oyb~{v cd}ndm }b làn }gn b~}h`wcdo bj n}y`bymcd`ys yndmc}cbd }gnjbf~v bj `d ~d{ynfnmnd}nm ebcd} njjby} bd b~y {`y}$

Vnznd}g( hn} ~v ndfb~yòn }gn lchc}`ys `dm }gn ynhcocb~v fbll~dc}cnv( cd{`y}cf~h`y( }b v{nà b~} o`cdv} }by}~yn$ ]gn lchc}`ys g`v innd `lbdo }gn lbv}njjnf}czn vnolnd}v bj b~y {b{~h`}cbd cd v~{{by }cdo LfF`cdv @d}c,]by}~yn@lndmlnd}( i~} }gn ynhcocb~v fbll~dc}s g`v innd v}y`donhs vchnd}$ Cj }gnyn cv`ds cvv~n }g`} f`hhv b~} jby lby`h b~}yòn bd }gn {`y} bj b~y ynhcocb~v hn`mnyv( c}cv }gcv bdn$ @dm hn} ~v( }gbvn bj ~v wgb `yn cd }gn {nwv bj }gbvn fbdoyno`}cbdv(cdvcv} }g`} b~y hn`mnyv v{nà b~}$

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`db}gny( }g`} }by}~yn l`s in i`m( i~} vbln}clnv c} cv dnfnvv`ys }b {yb}nf} ~v$@va gbw {nb{hn adbw }g`}$ @va }gnl }b mbf~lnd} }g`} }by}~yn g`v nzny an{} ~vv`jny$ @va }gnl }b {ybzn }g`} }g`} cd j`f} cv ` mnjndvcihn {yb{bvc}cbd( `dm }g`}cdjbyl`}cbd bi}`cdnm ~dmny }by}~yn cv db} cd j`f} lbdo }gn lbv} ~dynhcìhn cd}gn wbyhm$

]gn vnfbdm }gcdo wn f`d mb cv }b ynlcdm @lnycf`d bjjcfc`hv cd bdn jbyl by`db}gny }g`} wn hczn cd ` dnw wbyhm1 }g`} Ondny`h [cdbfgn} cv }bm`s ~dmny gb~vn`yynv} jby `hhnonm fyclnv ò`cdv} g~l`dc}s1 }g`} c} cv db hbdony ~d}gcdaìhn }g`}@lnycf`d bjjcfc`hv( } hn`v} bdfn }gns hn`zn bjjcfn( lcog} wnhh in ff~vnm bj w`yfyclnv$ Nznd cdvcmn }gn I~vg Mnjndvn Mn{`y}lnd}( Mnjndvn Mn{`y}lnd} h`wsnyvynlcdmnm Vnfyn}`ys QMbd`hm\ Y~lvjnhm `dm b}gnyv }g`} }gns lcog} cdmnnm inh`scdo }gnlvnhznv b{nd }b {bv},bjjcfn hno`h {ybvnf~}cbd$ Hn} ~v ynlcdm }gnl bj}g`}$

]gcym( hn} ~v fhbvn O~`d}d`lb I`s$ ]gcv l`s db} in vbln}gcdo }g`} sb~}gcda hcanhs$ I~} hn} ln ynlcdm sb~ }g`} Vnd`}by Lnh L`y}cdnu( Yn{~ihcf`d bjJhbycm`( g`v innd f`hhcdo jby }gn fhbv~yn bj O~`d}d`lb I`s jby `hlbv} ` sn`y$@dm }gn lbyn O~`d}d`lb I`s infblnv ` vslibh bj @lnycf`d ynf`hfc}y`dfn(}gn lbyn m`lòn c}v ncv}ndfn mbnv }b b}gny `v{nf}v bj @lnycf`d jbyncod{bhcfs$

Jb~y}g( nznys bdn bj ~v( hn} ~v yn`fg b~} }b b~y hbf`h L~vhcl fbll~dc}cnv

~dmny }gyn`}$ L`ds bj ~v mcm }gcv cllnmc`}nhs cd }gn lbd}gv jbhhbwcdo 3"00(i~} vcdfn }gnd( wgnd c} g`v innd dnnmnm lbv}( }gnyn g`v bj}nd innd j`y hnvvfbddnf}cbd `dm fbd}`f}$ Hn} ~v yn`fg b~} }b }g`} fbll~dc}s$

Jcj}g( wn l~v} cdvcv} }g`} Fbdoynvv lbdc}by `dm ndjbyfn }gn LfF`cd @d}c,]by}~yn @lndmlnd}( inf`~vn wn adbw }g`} wgnd [ynvcmnd} I~vg vcodnm }g`}{cnfn bj hnocvh`}cbd( gcv vcodcdo bymny fbd}`cdnm ynjnyndfn }b }gn j`f} }g`} gnwb~hm ndjbyfn }g`} `dm {y`f}cfn }g`} hnocvh`}cbd bdhs }b }gn n}nd} gn yno`ymnmc} `v fbdvcv}nd} wc}g gcv {ynvcmnd}c`h `~}gbyc}scd b}gny wbymv( db} `} `hh$ ]gn@yls Jcnhm L`d~`h( wgcfg }gn LfF`cd @d}c,]by}~yn @lndmlnd} nv}ìhcvgnv


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fgchmynd }`~d}nm gcl$ Hbba( hbba( }gns v`cm( }gn mn`m Enwv g`zn fbln i`fa}b hcjn$ ]gn mn`m Enwv g`zn fbln i`fa$ I~} Vg~lc mcmd} yn}yn`} cd }gn j`fn bj}gbvn }`~d}v1 p~c}n }gn fbd}y`ys( gn v}bbm gcv oyb~dm wc}g {`}cndfn `dm mcodc}s(nznd yn`fgnm b~} }b }gbvn fgchmynd( {`}}nm }gncy gn`mv( `dm ino`d }b }nhh }gnlv}bycnvv}bycnv ìb~} wg`} }gn zchhòn g`m innd hcan injbyn }gn Dùcv f`ln$@dm nznd}~`hhs }gn wgbhn zchhòn hbbanm jbyw`ym }b gcv yn}~yd$ Jcd`hhs( wgndVg~lc mcnm( c} w`v }gn vc fgchmynd wgb g`m }`~d}nm gcl( }gbvn vc ond}chnfgchmynd( }gns wnyn }gn bdnv wgb v`cm a`mmcvg( }gn Enwcvg {y`sny jby }gn mn`m}gns wnyn }gn bdnv wgb v`cm a`mmcvg `} gcv oy`zn$

G~l`d ycog}v nlnyon( sb~ adbw( b~} bj }gn fbllbd lcvnys bj g~l`dacdm$]gns oczn zbcfn }b }gn mnn{nv} sn`ydcdov bj }gn g~l`d v{cyc}( sn`ydcdov jby}gcdov hcan }gn ynfbdfchc`}cbd bj `mznyv`ycnv( jby }gcdov hcan ` e~v} mcv}yci~}cbdbj }gn n`y}gv ì~dm`dfn$ M~ycdo }gn Yw`dm`d ondbfcmn bj 3=( ` lchc}c`l`d`dm gcv }ybb{v nd}nynm ` ocyhv vfgbbh cd }gn lcmmhn bj }gn dcog}( bymnynm }gnhc}}hn ocyhv b~} cd}b }gn fb~y}s`ym( bymnynm }gnl }b vn{`y`}n }gnlvnhznv5 G~}~bd bdn vcmn( ]~}vc bd }gn b}gnyvb }g`} }gn ]~}vc ocyhv fb~hm in achhnm$ I~}dbdn bj }gn ocyhv lbznm$ @dm ` vnfbdm }cln( }gn lchc}c` fbll`dmny bymnynm}gnl5 G~}~ bzny }gnyn( ]~}vc bzny }gnyn$ @dm v}chh db} ` bdn bj }gn ocyhvlbznm$ @dm jcd`hhs( bdn hc}}hn ocyh( }nyycjcnm( y`cvnm gny g`dm( `dm vgn v`cm( C`l vbyys( vcy$ _n f`ddb} vn{`y`}n b~yvnhznv inf`~vn sb~ vnn( wn gnyn( wn `yndb} G~}~$ _n `yn db} ]~}vc$ _n `yn e~v} hc}}hn ocyhv$ Hc}}hn Yw`dm`d ocyhv$ @}wgcfg {bcd} nznys bdn bj }gn ocyhv w`v vh`~og}nynm$ I~} wg`} hno`fs }gns hn`zn$

_n `yn db} G~}~$ _n `yn db} ]~}vc$ _n `yn e~v} hc}}hn ocyhv$ Hc}}hn Yw`dm`docyhv$

G~l`d ycog}v gnh{ ~v }b ynfbodcun nzch$ ]gns }n`fg ~v }g`} nznys bdn bj b~yibmcnv wchh {nycvg nznd}~`hhs( i~} }gns }n`fg ~v }g`} nzch wchh {nycvg( }bb$ ]gns}n`fg ~v gbw }b ynfbodcun nzch( `dm gbw }b fbli`} c}$ @dm }gns }n`fg ~v bdn}gcdo lbyn5 }gns }n`fg ~v }b in lbmnv} cd }gn ~vn bj b~y {bwny$

]gn ynhcocb~v hn`mny H`b,}u~ v`cm( Fbdm~f} nznys bdn bj sb~y }yc~l{gv`v cj }gns wnyn j~dny`hv$ Cj g~l`d ycog}v g`zn `ds}gcdo }b }n`fg ~v ìb~}

=7

@dm jcd`hhs( ` ibd~v {bcd}( hn} nznysbdn gnyn ebcd @ldnv}s Cd}nyd`}cbd`h`dm v~{{by} }gn Eb`d Aybf Cdv}c}~}n jby [n`fn * E~v}cfn$

Dbw( hn} ln v`s jcd`hhs }g`} }nyybycvl cv }gn d}c}gnvcv bj ynv{nf} jby g~l`dycog}v$ @dm C w`d} }b `fadbwhnmon {~ihcfhs }g`} }gn g~l`d ycog}v lbznlnd}g`v mbdn j`y }bb hc}}hn }b {~} c}v bwd {ynv}con( fynmcichc}s `dm ynvb~yfnv `} }gnvnyzcfn bj ` hnoc}cl`}n `}}nl{} }b fb~d}ny }nyybycvl$ G~l`d ycog}v `mzbf`}nvb~og} }b in cd }gn hn`m cd cdvcv}cdo bd d cd}nyd`}cbd`h }yn`}s o`cdv} }nyybycvl$_n b~og} }b in ~vcdo b~y ynvn`yfg ynvb~yfnv }b n{bvn }gbvn wgb jcd`dfn}nyybycvl( }b d`ln }gn d`lnv bj }gbvn obznydlnd}v wgcfg fbhhìby`}n wc}g}nyybycv} oyb~{v$ C} l`s wnhh in dnfnvv ys( `} hn`v} jby ` }cln( jby vbln bj ~v }bynfbdfchn b~yvnhznv }b }gcdov hcan d`}cbd`h cmnd}cjcf`}cbd f`ymv$ G~l`d ycog}v`mzbf`}nv g`zn `d bihco`}cbd }b wbya wc}g }gn obznydlnd}( db} e~v} `hw`sv }bfyc}cfcun( }b jcdm }gn ycog} i`h`dfn in}wnnd vnf~yc}s `dm hciny}s$ @dm vclch`yhs(}gn obznydlnd} dnnmv }b fbln jcd`hhs }b }gn ynfbodc}cbd }g`} }gn {yb}nf}cbd bjj~dm`lnd}`h g~l`d ycog}vhcan }gn ycog} }b m~n {ybfnvv( by }gn ycog} db} }b in}by}~ynm`yn {`}gw`sv }b ` v`jny wbyhm( ans nhnlnd}v cd }gn v}y~oohn }b mnjn`}}nyybycvl( inf`~vn sb~ mb db} v}b{ }nyybycvl is vc}}cdo bd sb~y i`sbdn}$ Sb~v}b{ c} is ~vcdo sb~y i`sbdn}sb~y {bwnywcvnhs `dm v{`ycdohs `dm j`cyhs$

G~l`d ycog}v nlnyonb~} bj }gn fbllbd lcvnys bj g~l`dacdm$

]gns oczn zbcfn }b }gn mnn{nv} sn`ydcdov bj }gn g~l`d v{cyc}( sn`ydcdov

jby }gcdov hcan }gn ynfbdfchc`}cbd bj `mznyv`ycnv( jby }gcdov hcan ` e~v}

mcv}yci~}cbd bj }gn n`y}gv ì~dm`dfn$

@ l`d d`lnm Vg~lc nvf`{nm }gn Dùcv$ Gn nvf`{nm jybl gcv vl`hh zchhòncd [bh`dm e~v} injbyn }gn Onv}`{b nd}nynm }gn }bwdgn nvf`{nm( i~} e~v} i`ynhs$@dm wgnd( `j}ny }gn w`y( gn `dm ` ynh`}czn yn}~ydnm }b gcv zchhòn( vc ond}chn


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william schulz -- tainted legacy: 9/11 and the ruin of human rights

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