wilson, ihrig associates, inc.libraryarchives.metro.net/dpgtl/scrtd/1987... · - the silvercup...

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WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. ACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS

AN ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING AND PROJECTED NOISE AND VIBRATION LEVELS NEAR STUDIOS

AND OTHER SENSITIVE FACILITIES ON SUNSET BOULEVARD

SCRTD SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RAPID TRANSIT DISTRICT 1987 .A87 DRAFT REPORT

OCTOBER 1987

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WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. ACOUSTICAL CONSULTANTS 5776 BROADWAY

OAKLAND, CA U.S.A. 94618

(415) 658-6719

AN ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING AND PROJECTED NOISE AND

VIBRATION LEVELS NEAR STUDIOS

AND OTHER SENSITIVE FACILITIES ON SUNSET BOULEVARD

DRAFT REPORT

for the

Southern California Rapid Transit District

October 5, 1987

Submitted to:

Mr. Nadeem Tahir, Planning Manager Metro Rail Project

Southern California Rapid Transit District 425 South Main Street

Los Angeles, California 90013

John C. Shearer Senior Consultant

SCRTO LR3RARY 425 iJH MAIN

LOS ANGELES CA. 90Q13

Steven L. Wolfe Project Manager

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WILSON, IHRK & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

I J I'7

Page

1. SUMMARY ....................... 2

2. SURVEY PROCEDURE AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION ..... 3

3. NOISE MEASUREMENT RESULTS .............. 4

3.1 KTTV Channel 11, Los Angeles .......... 4

3.2 The Self Realization Fellowship ........ 6

3.3 KMPCAM Studios ................ 7

3.4 KWHY Channel 22 ................ 8

3.5 KTLAChannel5 ................. 8

3.6 Cedars Medical Center, Miami .......... 9

3.7 South Miami Hospital .............. 10

3.8 Silvercup Recording Studios, New York ..... 11

3.9 ABC (WLS-TV) Studios, Chicago ......... 12

4. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT RESULTS ............ 13

5. CONCLUSIONS ..................... 17

FIGURES 1 THROUGH 70 .................. 18 - 87

APPENDIXA ....................... A-i

APPENDIXB ....................... B-i

I WILSON, IHR)G & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

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This report presents the results of an analysis of existing noise

land vibration levels near representative radio and television

studios, and other noise-sensitive facilities, that may be

impacted by transit train operations on the proposed Metro Rail

ISunset Boulevard Alignment. The prime purpose of this analysis

was to determine the effectiveness of the existing building

constructions at these facilities in reducing noise from existing

vehicular traffic on Sunset Boulevard, and to compare existing

I exterior and interior noise and vibration levels with projected

noise and vibration levels from train passbys. To this end,

I simultaneous exterior and interior noise and vibration

measurements were taken at the following locations on 8 and 10

September 1987:

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I- KTTV Channel 11 (Stage 6 and Stage 7)

KMPC AM Studios (Control Room B and Production Studio)

- KWHY Channel 22 (Studio A and Studio B)

KTLA Channel 5 (Stage 9)

- The Self Realization Fellowship Premises (Meeting Area and

Temple)

Exterior and interior noise and vibration measurements were also

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taken at the CBS Studios (Stage 22 and Stage 23) on 18 August

1987. The results of those measurements were presented in our

letter to SCRTD dated 31 August 1987.

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\\'ILSON, IHRIC & ASSOCIATES, .J( 2 SCRTD/N&V Near S tudi Os

As part of this investigation, noise and vibration measurements were also taken at the following facilities, which are located

near, and co-exist with, existing rapid transit systems in other

cities, during the period 15-17 September 1987:

- The Cedars Medical Center, Miami

- The South Miami Hospital

- The Silvercup Recording Studios, New York City

- The ABC (WLS-TV) Studios in Chicago

This report presents the results of measurements taken in

September 1987 and a discussion of their implications.

1. SUMMARY

The investigation resulted in the following conclusions.

1.1 Most studios along Sunset Boulevard that we visited,

Iincluding the CBS Studios (Stage 22 and Stage 23) , KTTV

Channel 11 (Stage 6) and the KMPC AM and FM Studios

(apart from the AM Production Studio) , have a high degree of sound isolation from existing road traffic noise. In

I these studios we expect that noise from train operations on the proposed Metro Rail Sunset Boulevard Alignment

I will be inaudible and will not affect audio pickup or

recording in the studios.

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WILSON. LHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. 3 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

1.2 In studios and other noise-sensitive facilities along

Sunset Boulevard where traffic noise is currently

audible, such as the KMPC AM Production Studio, KWHY

Channel 22 (Studio A and Studio B) and the Self

Realization Fellowship Premises, train noise may also be

audible. However, the train passby noise levels inside

these facilities will be less than from existing noisy

vehicles, such as buses, trucks and motorcycles.

1.3 Groundborne vibration from train passbys will have no

adverse impact on studio operations.

1.4 Our visits to studios and other noise sensitive buildings

located next to rapid transit systems in Miami and

Chicago have confirmed that neither train noise nor

vibration has any adverse impact on these facilities.

2. SURVEY PROCEDURES AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

At all locations, apart from the Silvercup Recording Studios in

New York City (where only exterior measurements were obtained) ,

simultaneous exterior and interior noise measurements were taken

using two sets of the field instrumentation shown in Figure 1.

Each set comprised a precision Nagra IV SJ tape recorder, which

was used to record airborne noise on channel 1 and ground or floor

vibration on channel 2. The interior measurements were generally taken in the center of the studio or room in question (with the

area unoccupied and access doors closed, where possible) , while

the exterior measurements were taken outside the closest part of the building to Sunset Boulevard (in Hollywood) , or the closest

part of the building to the existing rapid transit system (in

other cities). Photos of all measurement locations are presented in Appendix A, while a glossary of acoustical terms is provided in

Appendix B.

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WILSON, IHRK & ASSOCIATES, INC. 4 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

The noise and vibration data were subsequently analyzed in the WIA

laboratory using a GenRad 1/3 octave band real time analyzer

interfaced to a DEC PDP-ll/35 Minicomputer. Strip charts showing

time-histories of the A-weighted (dBA) noise levels, and of the'

overall vibration velocity levels, were also obtained from each

recording, as indicated in Figure 1.

The field measurements were generally taken over periods ranging

from 20 to 45 minutes, long enough to give statistically

meaningful samples. However, on two occasions (at KTTV

Channel 11, Stage 6 and KTLA Channel 5, Stage 9) , samples of only

five minutes duration were obtained due to the limited time that

these studios were available to us.

3. NOISE MEASUREMENT RESULTS

3.1 KTTV Channel 11, Los Angeles

Measurements were taken in Stage 6 and Stage 7 at the KTTV

Channel 11 complex at 5746 Sunset Boulevard during the morning of Tuesday, 8 September 1987. As noted earlier, a sample of

only five minutes duration was obtained in Stage 6, due to the

time constraints. However, a 45 minutes long sample was taken

in the adjacent Stage 7. Simultaneous exterior recordings

were made on the sidewalk in front of the studio building,

next to Sunset Boulevard.

Although both Stages are located relatively close to Sunset

Boulevard, we noted that traffic noise was generally inaudible

in these areas. Figure 2 shows A-weighted time histories of

both the exterior and the interior noise during a

representative four minute section of our measurement in

I WILSON, IHRK & ASSOCIATES, INC. 5 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

Stage 7. The noise outside the building exhibits wide

1 fluctuations in level due to traffic on Sunset Boulevard while

the interior noise is relatively constant, confirming that

Ithere is little, if any, correlation between the interior and

exterior noise levels.

interior Figures 3 and 4 show the A-weighted exterior and

octave band noise levels that were exceeded 1% arid 10% of the

Itime (L1 and L10, respectively) . (A discussion of the

significance of statistical levels, including L and L , is

Iprovided in Appendix B.) The spectra have been A-weighted to

show the relative contributions of the octave band levels to

Ithe overall A-weighted noise levels (which are shown on the

right hand axis of each graph) . Also shown are the estimated

octave band levels from a six-car train, at 40 ft IA-weighted

distance, travelling at 55 mph on an aerial structure

incorporating sound barrier walls.

The estimated train noise is less than the traffic noise

Ilevel, but comparable with the L10 traffic noise. Thus, the

maximum train passby noise will be less than that from

Iexisting noisy vehicles, such as trucks, buses and

motorcycles. In addition, the A-weighted octave band spectra

I in Figures 3 and 4 show that the traffic noise levels at 63,

125, and 250 Hz are significantly higher than the estimated

train passby noise levels in those octave bands. Because the

Iairborne sound insulation provided by building structures is

typically far greater in the higher frequency octave bands,

Ithis means that the overall exterior to interior noise

reduction in dBA will be somewhat higher for train noise than

Ifor traffic noise. Thus, we expect that train movements will

be inaudible inside Stages 6 and 7 at KTTV Channel 11.

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I WILSON, IHRIC & ASSOCIATES, 6 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

I 3.2 The Self Realization Fellowship

The Self Realization Fellowship's facilities at 4886 Sunset

I Boulevard comprise a meeting, dining and administrative area

located directly on Sunset Boulevard, and a temple which is

set back approximately 100 ft from the roadway. Noise

Imeasurements of 20 minutes duration were taken inside the

Meeting Area and inside the Temple during the early afternoon

Iof Tuesday, 8 September 1987. Exterior measurements were

taken on the sidewalk in front of the meeting/administration

Ibuilding.

I Figures 5 and 6 show representative sections of the A-weighted time histories of both the exterior and interior noise and

Figures 7 and 8 show the L1 and L10 exterior and interior Inoise levels, in terms of the A-weighted octave band spectra.

The estimated train passby noise levels are also shown in

1 Figures 7 and 8.

IThese data confirm that interior noise levels from road

traffic on Sunset Boulevard are relatively high inside the

I Meeting Area, due to its proximity to the roadway and the

large window area facing the traffic. Noise levels inside the

Temple are far lower, although traffic on Sunset Boulevard is,

Iat times, audible.

IWe expect that train noise will be clearly audible inside the

Meeting Area, although interior noise levels from train

Ipassbys will be less than from existing noisy vehicles, such

as buses, trucks and motorcycles. Train passbys may be just

I audible inside the Temple, although, again, interior train

passby noise levels will be less than from existing noisy

vehicles.

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WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. 7 SCRTD/N&V Near S tudios

3.3 KMPC AM Studios

The KMPC AM and KTJTE FM Studios are located in a building

facing Sunset Boulevard in front of the KTLA Channel 5

complex. A 20 minute measurement was taken inside Control

Room B during the afternoon of Tuesday, 8 September 1987. A

further reading, of 45 minutes duration, was taken inside the

AM Production Studio on the morning of Thursday, 10 September

1987. On both occasions, simultaneous exterior measurements

were taken just in front of the building, i.e. adjacent to

Sunset Boulevard.

We observed that Control Room B is typical of a number of the

AM and FM studios that are, acoustically, well isolated from

Sunset Boulevard. The AM Production Studio appears to be the

only studio which is, at present, adversely impacted by

traffic noise. The results, presented in Figures 9 through

14, confirm that there is no significant correlation between

exterior noise levels and noise levels inside Control Room B.

Note that at certain times during the measurements in Control

Room B, the telephone rang and music from an adjacent area was

audible, conditions over which we had no control. These data

also show the interior noise levels from road traffic to be

relatively high in the AM Production Studio, due to its close

proximity to the roadway and the inadequate sound isolation

provided by its construction.

We expect train noise will be just audible in the AM

IProduction Studio, although interior noise from train passbys

will be less than from existing noisy vehicles. Train

I movements will be inaudible in other studios in the KMPC/KUTE

building.

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'AILSON, IHRK1 & ASSOCIATES, 8 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

3.4 KWHY Channel 22

Measurements were taken in Studios A and B at the KWHY

Channel 22 premises at 5545 Sunset Boulevard on the afternoon

of Tuesday, 8 September 1987. Exterior measurements were taken on the sidewalk in front of the premises, adjacent to

Sunset Boulevard.

The results, shown in Figures 15 through 18, confirm our

subjective findings that traffic noise was at times audible in

both studios, due to their close proximity to Sunset Boulevard

and the inadequate sound isolation provided by the existing

building construction. The A-weighted time-histories, shown

in Figures 15 and 16, show that there is some correlation

between the exterior and interior noise levels, particularly

in Studio A. Thus, we expect that train movements may be just

audible in both studios, although interior noise from train

passbys will be less than from existing noisy vehicles.

3.5 KTLA Channel 5

A five minute measurement was made inside Stage 9 at KTLA

Channel S on the morning of Tuesday, 10 September 1987.

Unfortunately, Stage 7 was occupied during our measurements and the exterior door was open. Thus, the results were

affected by noise from activities and conversations in the

stage area, and also by noise from vehicular traffic on Van

Ness Avenue. Nevertheless, for completeness, we have

presented the results from the five minute sample in Figures

19 and 20.

I WILSON, IHR)G & ASSOCIATES, INC. 9 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

3.6 Cedars Medical Center, Miami

Simultaneous measurements were taken inside and outside the

I Cedars Medical Center, 1400 NW 12th Avenue, Miami on Tuesday

15 September 1987. Two samples were taken of 45 and 20

minutes duration, respectively.

The measurement locations were adjacent to the Miami Rapid

ITransit Rail System, just south of the Civic Center Station.

The rail alignment in this area comprises an aerial structure

Irunning along the center of 12th Avenue. Exterior

measurements were made outside the main entrance to the

hospital building, adjacent to the vehicle approach ramps on

I the second level. Interior measurements were made at the end

of the corridor on the 4th Floor, next to the Pathology

I Library. The interior measurement position was about 4 ft

from the double-glazed corridor window and overlooked the

Iexterior measurement position. The measurement locations were

approximately 150 ft from the center of the near side

I(southbound) track. Northbound train speeds were typically

20-30 mph, as trains were decelerating approaching Civic

Center Station. Southbound trains were accelerating away from

I the station at about 25-40 mph. Headways in each direction

were typically 20 minutes. There was no trackside sound

Ibarrier wall in this area.

INorthbound train movements were virtually inaudible inside the

building while southbound movements were just audible. Train

Lpassbys were often masked by noise generated inside the

building, particularly by P.A. system announcements. In

I addition, exterior ambient noise levels were generally high

due to traffic on 12th Avenue and frequent aircraft flyovers.

From our discussions with hospital staff, we understand that

Itrain noise has no adverse impact on hospital operations.

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WILSON, IHRK3 & ASSOCIATES, INC 10 SCRTD/N&V Near S tudios

Representative samples of the time-histories of the A-weighted

Iexterior and interior noise levels are shown in Figure 21.

Figures 22 and 23 show the A-weighted octave band exterior and

I interior levels exceeded for 1% and 10% of the time (L1 and L10, respectively) , and Figure 24 shows typical A-weighted,

I octave band exterior and interior train passby noise levels.

These data confirm that interior noise levels from train movements are generally low in relation to ambient noise

Ilevels due to road traffic, aircraft flyovers and P.A. system announcements.

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3.7 South Miami Hospital

The South Miami Hospital comprises three wings located

Iadjacent to the Miami Rapid Transit Rail System alignment,

south of the South Miami Station. Trains run on two,

Iindependent aerial structures which have been retro-fitted with sound barrier walls, i.e. with one sound barrier wall on

Ieach structure. Train speeds in this area were typically

55-60 mph and headways in each direction were 6-7 minutes.

Exterior and interior measurements were made on the afternoon

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of Tuesday, 15 September 1987. The measurements were taken at

the north wing, which is the closest part of the hospital to

the rail alignment. Exterior readings were taken at ground

Ilevel at about 40 ft from the center of the near side

(southbound) track, while the interior measurements were made

Iin the center of Room 465 on the 4th Floor of the building, at

about 50 ft from the center of the near side track. Room 465

I is normally used for physical therapy, but was unoccupied

during our measurements. The operable, double-glazed window

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was closed during our measurements, in accordance with normal conditions.

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fl WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES. INC 11 SCRTD/N&V Near S tudios

I Train passbys were quite audible inside the building,

Iparticularly from northbound trains which are not effectively

screened by the sound barrier walls fitted adjacent to the

I southbound track. Our measurement results, presented in

Figures 25 through 28, show that the maximum interior noise

level due to northbound train passbys was 56 dBA. Although

Ithis is higher than the generally accepted criterion of 50 dBA

for short-term or transient noise transmitted from outside to

Iinside hospitals, we understand, from conversations with Mr.

Dennis Grady, Director of Facilities, that train noise has no

Iadverse impact on hospital operations. The results also show

that the A-weighted, train passby noise levels were almost

identical to the L1 levels in most octave bands (apart from 1 63 and 125 Hz), confirming that train passbys were the

dominant noise source during our measurements.

1 3.8 Silvercup Recording Studios, New York City

IA 45 minute exterior measurement was made at the Silvercup

Recording Studios, 4245 21st Street, Queens, during the

I afternoon of Wednesday, 16 September 1987. The Silvercup

Recording Studios are a large complex, with a northern facade

located approximately 40 ft from the Queensboro Bridge (a

Imulti-deck structure carrying road traffic and NYCTA trains

between Long Island and Manhattan). We were not able to

Iobtain permission to take interior measurements, nor to

inspect the studios.

The measurement location was on the corner of 21st Street and

I Queens Plaza South, right next to the studio building and

about 100-120 ft from the train tracks (which are located on

the north side of the bridge). Train speeds were 10-2 0 mph Iwith headways of typically 3-5 minutes in each direction.

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I WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, .

12 SCRTD/N&V Near S tudios

Our measurement results, presented in Figures 29 through 31,

Ishow that the A-weighted, octave band train passby noise

levels were on the same order as the L1 noise levels recorded

I during our sample, indicating that the train passbys on the

Queensboro Bridge are the main source of environmental noise

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in this area. The maximum train passby noise levels were

90-95 dBA, which are quite high considering the low train

speeds. This is due to noise radiation from the

Ilightly-damped steel bridge structure, since for this type of

structure, at train speeds above approximately 10 mph, the

Inoise radiated by the vibration of the structure components

predominates.

The walls of the Silvercup Recording Studios building are

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masonry and the original window openings have been fully

bricked in, so it appears that considerable attention has been

given to "sound proofing" the studios. However, we were not

Iable to determine if these high exterior noise levels, due to

train movements on the Queensboro Bridge, currently have any

Iadverse impact on studio operations.

3.9 ABC (WLS-TV) Studios, Chicago

IThe ABC (WLS Channel 7) Studios at 190 North State Street in

Chicago (corner of Lake and North State Streets) are located

Iadjacent to the State Street Subway, and are also located

close to the old steel elevated structure used by CTA trains

Irunning along Lake Street. Simultaneous exterior and'interior

measurements of 45 minutes duration were made on the morning

of Thursday, 17 September 1987.

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I WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES. It( 13 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

I The exterior measurement location was adjacent to the

Irevolving doors at the main building entrance on North State

Street. This position had direct line-of-sight to the Lake

I Street Elevated Structure and was also close to subway

ventilation shaft grills on North State Street. Interior

measurements were made inside Studio 2, a new facility used

Iprimarily for the Oprah Winfrey Show. Studio 2 is located

approximately 100 ft from the State Street Subway and some 200

1 ft from the elevated structure on Lake Street. North State

Street in this area is closed to vehicular traffic apart from

ICTA buses.

I The results of our measurements are presented in Figures 32

through 35. Exterior noise from bus movements on North State

Street and train movements on the elevated structure was

Iinaudible inside Studio 2, although subway trains were, at

times, just audible. Mr. Joe Kresnicka, Director of

IEngineering at WLS-TV, Channel 7, advised us that neither

noise nor vibration from CTA trains had any adverse impact on

Itheir operations.

4. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT RESULTS

IConsiderable background information on low-level transient

vibration and its perception by people is contained in our

Ireports, "Noise and Vibration Analysis for the Metro Rail Project CORE Study" of March 1987 and "Noise and Vibration Survey for the

IMetro Rail Project CORE Study" of August 1987, so only a brief

discussion of vibration from transit trains is presented here.

Although the perception of vibration by people has been discussed

extensively, in the literature, most of the criteria are based on Iresults obtained from steady-state sinusoidal vibration excitation

in laboratory environments. Relatively little information is

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I \\!ILSON HRK & ASSOCIATES, 14 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

available on the response of humans to low level random vibration

or to transient vibration levels. Recently, more information on

this type of vibration has been obtained from the results of

I measurements and subjective evaluations of transit train vibration

in Toronto, Washington, D.C., Chicago, San Francisco, Atlanta and

Pueblo, Colorado (The Transportation Test Center)

As for the subjective response to noise, the human sensitivity to

Ivibration varies with frequency. Therefore, the frequency must be

taken into consideration in assessing annoyance due to vibration.

A number of studies have indicated that at frequencies above

approximately 12 to 16 Hz, sensitivity to vibration is primarily

I determined by the amplitude of velocity and is relatively

independent of frequency. Since the frequency range over which

human sensitivity is approximately proportional to velocity

Iamplitude covers the range of principal vibration components from

transit trains and since the noise level generated by the

Ivibration of building surfaces is approximately proportional to

vibration velocity level, it is appropriate to present vibration

Icriteria and data in terms of velocity level.

IA curve of human response to vibration has evolved from the

studies which have been done and has been documented in the

International Standards Organization document 2631 and ANSI

IStandard S3.29-1983. Additional information on human sensitivity

to vibration is contained in the Committee on Hearing, IBioacoustics and Biomechanics (CHABA) Publication, "Guidelines for

Preparing Environmental Impact Statements on Noise", which has

Iutilized much of the information contained in the ISO Standard.

These standards and publications do indicate that, below about 12

Ito 16 Hz, the sensitivity to vibration velocity is somewhat lower.

This is characterized in Figure 36.

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I WILSON IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, 15 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

I Vibration levels below the "range of maximum acceptable vibration Iin residential buildings" as shown on this figure are generally

imperceptible or just perceptible as vibration to the average

person under normal conditions.

Exterior vibration sources include automobiles, trucks, buses,

Itransit trains, underground mechanical equipment, and, on a local

scale, pedestrians. Interior vibration results from building

Imechanical equipment, local occupant activity and ground-borne

vibration generated by exterior activities, such as vibration from

Iautomobiles, trucks, buses and trains, which is transmitted into

the building. Most of the vibration sources, except stationary

I mechanical equipment operating continuously, create transient

vibration levels similar to, or analogous to transient noise

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levels produced by noise sources and the observed levels of

vibration at a particular location are the summation of the

vibration created by the various sources near and far.

I As noted earlier, vibration data were also recorded at each

Imeasurement location discussed in Section 3 of this report. The

results of these measurements, shown in Figures 37 through 70, are

I presented in a similar format to the noise data. Time histories

of both the exterior and interior vibration velocity levels during

I representative four minute sections of the measurements are

presented, together with the exterior and interior octave band

vibration velocity levels that were exceeded 1% and 10% of the

time (L1 and L10, respectively). In addition, the octave band exterior and interior train passby vibration levels are also Ipresented, where applicable.

I The overall vibration velocity levels, which are shown on the left

hand axis of the octave band plots, were in most cases less than

70 dB, the level below which vibration is normally imperceptible

to persons. Locations where the overall vibration level exceeded

70 dE included the Meeting Area at the Self Realization Fellowship

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H WILSON, IHRK & ASSOCIATES, INC 16 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

I premises (where some movement of people occurred during our

Imeasurement) , outside the Silvercup Recording Studios in New York

City (due to high vibration levels from train operations on the

I adjacent Queensboro Bridge) and inside the ABC (WLS-TV) Studios

(Studio 2) in Chicago, where the unusually high levels appear to

be associated with building mechanical equipment. Although the

Ioverall vibration velocity level in the Production Studio at

KMPC-AN was less than 70 dB, the vibration in this area was

Idominated by building mechanical equipment.

IAlthough the ground-borne vibration from transit train operations in subway or on at-grade track can be sufficient to create

I vibration levels which are unacceptable inside nearby buildings with vibration sensitive uses, we are aware of no situations where

the vibration from transit trains operating on a modern aerial

Istructure has been of a sufficient level to be feelable or cause

any problems in nearby buildings. To this end, the most relevant

Ivibration data for the current study are the levels recorded

outside the South Miami Hospital, at about 40 ft from the center

Iof the nearside track. The results from these measurements are

presented in Figure 63. As noted earlier, trains run at speeds of

I 55-60 mph in this area, on two independent aerial structures,

i.e., at similar speeds and on similar structures to those

proposed for Sunset Boulevard. The overall vibration velocity

Ilevels recorded outside the South Miami Hospital were less than 60

dB during train passbys. Note that the vibration levels from the

IMetro Rail trains should be even lower since they will have a

"soft" primary suspension. At the exterior measurement locations

Iadjacent to Sunset Boulevard, the overall L1 vibration velocity levels due to vehicular traffic were typically in the range of

I 60-70 dB. These data confirm that ground vibration levels due to train operations on the proposed aerial structure will be less

I than from existing heavy vehicles (buses and trucks). Thus,

groundborne vibration, from train operations on the proposed Metro

Rail Sunset Boulevard Alignment, will have no adverse impact on Istudio operations.

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I W1LSON, IHR)G & ASSOCIATES. INC 17 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

I 5. CONCLUSIONS

Our measurements at a number of radio and television studios along

I Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood have shown that most studios that we

visited, including the CBS Studios (Stage 22 and Stage 23) , KTTV

Channel 11 (Stage 6) and the KMPC AM and FM Studios (apart from

the AM Production Studio) , have a high degree of sound isolation

from existing traffic noise. Traffic noise was generally

Iinaudible inside these studios, although in other studios, such as

the KMPC AM Production and KWHY Channel 22 (Studio A and

I Studio B) , noise from road traffic was noticeable due to the

inadequate sound insolation provided by their construction.

The expected exterior noise levels from train operations on the

proposed Metro Rail Sunset Boulevard Alignment are less than

Ilevels we recorded for existing noisy vehicles, such as buses,

trucks and motorcycles. Because the noise from train passbys

Icontains relatively less low frequency energy than noise from road

traffic, train noise is more readily attenuated by building

Istructures. Therefore interior noise levels due to train

movements will be less than now experienced for existing noisy

I vehicles. Thus, in studios (or other noise-sensitive buildings)

along Sunset Boulevard where traffic noise is at present

inaudible, or barely audible, we expect that train passbys will

also be inaudible. In studios where traffic noise is presently audible due to inadequate sound isolation provided by the building

1 structures, we expect that train noise may also be audible.

However, the interior train passby noise levels will be less than

from existing noisy vehicles. Groundborne vibration from train

passbys will have no adverse impact on studio operations.

Our observations and measurements at studios and other noise-

sensitive buildings located next to rapid transit systems in Miami

and Chicago have shown that train noise and vibration have no

adverse impact on these facilities.

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U

RION 1/2" Ml CROPHONE

IB&K PREAMP TYPE 2619

I H IENDEVCO ACCELEROMETER WIA PREAMP TYPE 7705-1000 (TYPE 112)

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TAPE RECORDER

18 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

FIELD INSTRUMENTATION

NAGRA QJSP ADAPTOR

SIGNAL CONDITIONING

DECADE AMPLIFIER

(WIA TYPE 223)

NAGRA IV-SJ TAPE RECORDER

LABORATORY INSTRUMENTATIOtt

FM

DEMODU LATOR

zz7 j

(VIBRATION ONLY)

I Io

OSCILLOSCOPE, U. LOUDSPEAKER

AND GRAPHIC LEVEL RECORDER FOR MONITORING

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GENRAD 1921

1/3 OCTAVE BAND REAL TIME ANALYZER

FIGURE 1 NOISE AND VIBRATION INSTRUMENTATION

I

HEADPHONES AND ANNOUNCE MICROPHONE

DEC PDP-11/35 MINICOMPUTER

PS JET LASER PRINTER

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

100____________ - - -- _ -------------- _ -------- _ _ ----------- 0 z

-______________________ ______- _ EXTERIOR NOISE jj------

LUc6O________________________ -- -- -____________________ I- = (!3 I-I

50 'TL:_ - ____ INTERIOR NOISE

--- ------- -----.-.----_----- -------- -------------- ----..- ..------- 40

30

I ------------------------ - - -- - ----------- I

9:41 a.m. 9:42 a.rn. 9:43 a.m. 9:44 a.m.

FIGURE 2 SECTION OF THE TIME HISTORY OF THE AWEIGHTED NOISE LEVEL INSIDE AND

OUTSIDE KTTV CHANNEL 11 (STAGE 7), MEASURED ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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WILSON,IHRIG&iSSOCIATES, INC. 20 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

a. 80 C c.'J

LU

-D 70

-J LU > LU -J

LU 60

Cl)

C')

LU

a. 50 0 z 0 C!)

40 z

LU > 1 30 () 0

20

II liii ---

-

,,iTIIL4:

I__ / / 1

H H

----

IIH H 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K BK

OCTAVEBANDCENTERFREQUENCY--Hz

Exterior 6 Car Train at 55 mph

- Exterior - 8:55 to 9:00 am

* ----- x Exterior 9:20 to 10:05 am

Interior-Stage6-8:55to9:OOam +-----+ Interior Stage 7 9:20 to 10:05 am

FIGURE 3 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT KTTV CHANNEL liON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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WILSONTHRIG&ASSOCIATESJNC. 21 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

a. 80

c'J LU

-c 70

LU > LU -J

LU 60

(I)

Cl)

LU

a. 50 C z 0 (-I)

o 40 z

LU >

30

0

20

H 1 1 II H H HH H

I -________ _________

-1 ,', /

I/I - I/f

1,1/ - 1,1/

H -L

__---i :T

31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY--Hz


o ------- Exterior 8:55 to 9:00 am

* ----- x Exterior - 9:20 to 10:05 am

------- Interior-Stage6-8:55to9:OOam +-----+ Interior Stage 7 - 9:20 to 10:05 am

FIGURE 4 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR LI 0 NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT KTTV CHANNEL liON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

90

-- .--.---- -. ...-------- -o I----- z T1JT1IIt1_1I. EXTERIOR NOISE iiii-i. -..-- .--.--. ---.-- ___.______1___ 8Oit C) U-4- .-_._---------_--..--..- ------ --- --- ---- ----- -. - .- -.----- -.---- ------------- ---I- .---o

70 1- -" '-) I :: '

z I _________Li _! ---n I------- I- .. r- - ---- --- - .--.-

-J .-_ L..-.

tLI Zfl UV- .__- Ui ----h--- _J ,-

iiET1 70

-:I-Ti:T:iiTT_ INTERIOR NOISE -: - - - - .--- --------------- -.------..-------- ------- ------ - -

- I1I_1FiiI- -

60 --

::

L H

I

12:26 p.m. 12:27 p.m. 12:28 p.m. 12:29 p.m. 0 U)

FIGURE 5 SECTION OF THE TIME HISTORY OF THE A-WEIGHTED NOISE .LEVEL INSIDE AND

OUTSIDE THE SELF REALIZATION FELLOWSHIP MEETING AREA, MEASURED ON

TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER 1987.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

inn- - --

0 ______ 7

90 -- -- _j:_..

EXTERIOR NOISE --_-- :_ ________

801IL I

:

I!

INTERIOR NOISE ----_____

L____________

::

___:L

1:09 p.m. 1:10 p.m. 1:11 p.m. 1:12 p.m.

FIGURE 6 SECTION OF THE TIME HISTORY OF THE A-WEIGHTED NOISE LEVEL INSIDE AND

OUTSIDE THE SELF REALIZATION FELLOWSHIP TEMPLE, MEASURED ON TUESDAY,

8 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. 24 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

..

a. 80

0 LU

c 70

-J UI > UI -J

uj 60

C')

rf)

UI

a.. 50 0 z 0 1)

o 40 z

UI >

30

0

20

Ii II H HHI II IiIIH

-

A A

- -

7/

-

=


Exterior - 6 Car Train at 55mph

o Exterior - 12:25 to 12:45 pm

x Exterior 1:04 to 1:24 pm

A A Inside Meeting Area - 12:25 to 12:45 pm

+----+ Inside Temple 1:04 to 1:24 pm

FIGURE 7 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE SELF REALIZATION FELLOWSHIP PREMISES ON TUESDAY, 9/8/87

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\VILSON, IHRIC & ASSOCIATES, INC. 25

a. 80

c"J

uJ

D 70

J LU > Ui J LU 60

= ci) Cr)

Ui

a. 50

z 0 C/)

o 40 z

LU

> 30

0

20


I I I I I I

/ I

.--.-- ----.

// /'

/ ------------ /

11111111 I liii 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K



Exterior 12:25 to 12:45 pm

* x Exterior - 1:04 to 1:24 pm

Inside Meeting Area 12:25 to 12:45 pm

+----+ Inside Temple 1:04 to 1:24 pm

FIGURE 8 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE SELF REALIZATION FELLOWSHIP PREMISES ON 9/8/87

90

70 -I w LJ -J

Lu

i 6c. CD

7Q"-- CD uJ F-

U,

60

1

-- ------.- ------- z

EXTERIOR NOISE

---

INftRIUR NUI5L ___

3:11 p.m. 3:12 p.m. 3:13 p.m. 3:14 p.m.


OUTSIDE THE KMPC AM STUDIOS (CONTROL ROOM B), MEASURED ON TUESDAY,

8 SEPTEMBER 1987.

____ ___. TI 111 IT1 - --____ ____ ____- _ .

___-__ ---4. -Z - ---- - . ---- -I

INTERIOR NOISE __________ T

i 4°=i1I,JE 9:04 a.m. 9:05 a.m. 9:06 a.m.

9:03 a.m. H- 0


OUTSIDE THE KMPC AM STUDIOS (PRODUCTION STUDIO), MEASURED ON THURSDAY,

10 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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1

ci 80

Q uJ

LLI 60

= (I)

(I)

uJ

0- 50

z = 0 (I)

o 40 z

LU

3o

20

I :

/ / ,/

- ______o

/ -

/ / /

/

/ _-l:'II III


Exterior - 6 Car Train at 55 mph

o -o Exterior - 3:10 to 3:30 pm

>E- ----- x Inside Control Room B - 3:10 to 3:30 pm

FIGURE 11 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE KMPC AM STUDIOS ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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\V!LSON,IHRIG&ASSOCIATESJNC. 29 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

a. 80 Q C.J

LU

-c 70

uJ > Ui -J

Lii 60

Cl)

C/)

Ui

a. 50 0 z 0 C/)

0 40 z

Ui >

30

0

i]

HH 1 I'H H II HH

I ________________

-!

,; ______1_______

H II HH 1 H 31 .5 63 125 250 500 1 K 2K 4K 8K

OCTAVEBANDCENTERFREQUENCY-- Hz


o - Exterior - 3:10 to 3:30 pm

* ----- x Inside Control Room B 3:10 to 3:30 pm

FIGURE 12 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE KMPC AM STUDIOS ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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\MLSONJHRIG&ASSOCIATES, INC. 30 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

0-. 80 Q U-!

70

UI > UI -J

LU 60

(I)

(1)

UI

0-. 50 0 z 0 (I)

o 40 z

LU

30

20

HH H H II H H HH

,/ / --x ---. -

1-

>1

H 1(11 HIl IIIH II 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K



o -o Exterior 8:51 to 9:38 am

x Inside Prod'n Studio - 8:51 to 9:38 am

FIGURE 13 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE KMPC AM STUDIOS ON THURSDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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\VILSON, IHRIC & ASSOCIATES, INC. 31 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

Ie

Ct,

a.. 80

0 c

LU

-: 70

J LU > uJ J LU 60

0) Cl)

LU

a. 50 0 z 0 ci)

40 z

Ui >

30

0

20

I________ I

7YV:t"

:

ii liii 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K

OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY -- Hz

Exterior 6 Car train at 55 mph

D -o Exterior - 8:51 to 9:38 am

x Inside Prodri Studio 8:51 to 9:38 am

FIGURE 14 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE KMPC AM STUDIOS ON THURSDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER, 1987

- - - -S - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

!ISJ -_[.,,__ .

1 H -.

I______________________________________ T i- i 1

...LJYAIL

I

a-

r I 'r ?'fl

u TIW 'n'. . _

:.

20 4:17 pL 4:18p.m. 49p 4:2Op.


OUTSIDE THE KWHY CHANNEL 22 STUDIOS (STUDIO B), MEASURED ON TUESDAY,

8 SEPTEMBER 1987.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

90- -- - -.

-- _____ EXTERIOR NU1'E

50 ---.-.--.----- -

I N FERIOR NOISE _____

5:10 p.m. 5:11 p.m. 5:12 p.m. 5:13 p.m.


OUTSIDE THE KWHY CHANNEL 22 STUDIOS (STUDIO A), MEASURED ON TUESDAY,

8 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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Q- 80 0 uJ

7D

LU 60

= C!,

C')

LU

a. 50 0 z = 0 CI)

o 40 z

LU

30

liii

.. - I

= . - . - .-..

-i /

_lH H H IHHH 1 H 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K

OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY--Hz

Exterior 6 Car Train at 55mph

Exterior 4:15 to 4:35 pm

x Exterior - 5:00 to 5:20 pm

InsideStudioB-4:15to4:35pm

----+ Inside Studio A - 5:00 to 5:20 pm

FIGURE 17 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT KWHY CHANNEL 220N TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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WILSON, IHRIC & ASSOCIATES, INC. 35 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

Is

0.. 80

c'J LU

7O

-J uJ > uJ -J

LU 60

C')

C')

LU

a. 50

z 0 C/)

40 z

LU >

30

0

20

II 11111!

/1/

:

E

/ H1 1 III' 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K



D -o Exterior - 4:15 to 4:35 pm

x Exterior - 5:00 to 5:20 pm

Inside Studio B - 4:15 to 4:35 pm

+----+ Inside Studio A 5:00 to 5:20 pm

FIGURE 18 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT KWHY CHANNEL 22 ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

80 -

z

--________ __-- -- ---.---- -__________ ________________ ______._._I _____- 7O___________ _____

11Ttt1tt1 I 601

I

L I ____ ii1it E1L __________ ____ I-

(LI

(ii ____________ -

-t.&J

30T _______ I-- 1

7:25 a.rn. 7:26 a.m. 7:27 a.rn.

t1

z CD

s)

I-C

Cl)

0

FIGURE 19 SECTION OF THE TIME HISTORY OF THE A-WEIGHTED NOISE LEVEL INSIDE THE

KILA CHANNEL 5 STUDIOS (STAGE 9), MEASURED ON THURSDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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V'ILSON,IHRIG&ASSOCLTES, INC. 37 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

a. 80

C c\J

LU

LU 60

C/) C/) LU

a. 50

z 0 C/)

o 40 z

LU >

30

0

II[ 1111111111

__________ 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K


p Li - 7:24 to 7:29 am

o -o Li 0 - 7:24 to 7:29 am

FIGURE 20 A-WEIGHTED INTERIOR NOISE LEVELS MEASURED AT KTLA CHANNEL 5 (STAGE 9) ON THURSDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER, 1987

a'

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

EXTERIOR NOISE SOUTHBOUND TRAIN

80____ 9

-. _______L.-±:i:::: ________ ___ ______________

L

70 __.) ----i)t

1-T---------- __i___ .-...---.-..i-

60 I

IO ;i- u_i ---- ---------- ___ (1) -------- -- ___

7O

- Lu

- iiiiiiiiij ___-______________ 60

4: ___

5C

P.A. SYSTEM

INTERIOR NOISE

- SOUTHBOUND TRAIN

________

-t'-t- ±UI TL

--

12:11p.m. 12:12 p.m. 12:13 p.m.

U) C)

'-3

(D

II

- ------- U)

I--------- 12:14 p.m.

cn

FIGURE 21 SECTION OF THE TIME HISTORY OF THE AWEIGHTED NOISE LEVEL INSIDE AND

OUTSIDE THE CEDARS MEDICAL CENTER, MIAMI, MEASURED ON TUESDAY,

15 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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V'JILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. 39 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

a. 80

0 c'1

LU

-c 70

-J LU > LU

LU 60

C')

C/)

LU

a. 50

z 0 C,)

o 40 z

LU > H 30 C) 0

20

II H H Ii H II H H H

/ ___z

;

1

7/

E('

Ii H H lH II H II 31 .5 63 125 250 500 1 K 2K 4K 8K


p Exterior - 10:55 to 11:40 am

o -o Exterior - 11:54 am to 12:15 pm

x Interior 10:55 to 11:40 am

Interior-11:54amto 12:15pm

FIGURE 22 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE CEDARS MEDICAL CENTER, MIAMI, ON TUESDAY, 9/15/87

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WILSONIHRIG&ASSOCIATES, INC. 40 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

ci 80

0 LU

70

LU 60

C/) cID I-U

50

z 0 C')

o 40 z

LU >

30

0

20

if Illl II ii If It It

II H Hill IJIH 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K

OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY-- Hz

p Exterior 10:55 to 11:40 am

o - Exterior 11:54 am to 12:15 pm

x Interior - 10:55 to 11:40 am

Interior- 11:54 amtol2:15 pm

FIGURE 23 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR LiD NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE CEDARS MEDICAL CENTER, MIAMI, ON TUESDAY, 9115/87

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\VILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. 41 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

ct 0. 80

LU

70

-J LU > LU -J w 60

C') (I) LU

a. 50

z 0 0) o 40 z

LU > 30

0

20

I II II II II

:

I - 4'' - - - I/I, - II / -

H

/

I - - - -

liii 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K


p Exterior - Southbound Train at 11:15 am

o -o Exterior Southbound Train at 11:34 am

* ----- x Exterior - Southbound Train at 12:14 pm

...... Interior Southbound Train at 11:15 am

-i----- Interior Southbound Train at 11:34 am

........ t' Interior - Southbound Train at 12:14 pm

FIGURE 24 TYPICAL A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR TRAIN PASSBY NOISE LEVELS MEASURED AT THE CEDARS MEDICAL CENTER, MIAMI, ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER, 1987

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

90

-_______________________________________ ____________.__i__i_____ ---- - -- - ---.--------------------- --------.-- 0 z EXTERIOR NOISE LIi_iiiiJii NORTHBOUND TRAIN I

80 n

SOUTHBOUND TRAIN

160

5O

1

INTERIOR NOISE

4:18 p.m. 4:19 p.m. 4:20 p.m 4:21 p.m.

C')

rI

cJ

0


OUTSIDE THE SOUTH MIAMI HOSPITAL, MEASURED ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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WILSON IHRIG&ASSOCIATES, INC. SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

Ii

0.. 80 = c'J

LU

LU 60

Cl)

C/)

LU I a. 50 C z 0 C/)

o 40 z

LU >

30

0

_____t__

''\

II 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K


p Exterior - 4:03 to 4:33 pm

o - Interior - 4:03 to 4:33 pm

FIGURE 26 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE SOUTH MIAMI HOSPITAL ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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0- 80

uJ

-o 70

J LU > LU J w 60

C')

C,)

LU

ci 50 0 z 0 C/)

o 40 z

LU >

30

0

II I II

I

_______ ________ _______ _______

1 liii iii 31 .5 63 1 25 250 500 1 K 2K 4K 8K



o - Interior - 4:03 to 4:33 pm

FIGURE 27 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE SOUTH MIAMI HOSPITAL ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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Iop

a. 80 0 c'J

LU

70

-J LU > LU J w 60

00 CI)

LU

a. 50 0 z 0 U)

o 40 z

LU >

30

0

20

LI II II H H II H H H

'r/ /,/

- H - H

- 'I, p - ________

_______ II II 111111 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K 4K 8K

OCTAVEBANDCENTER FREQUENCY--Hz

p Exterior - Northbound Train at 4:08 pm

D ------- -o Exterior- Southbound Train at 4:12 pm

x Exterior - Northbound Train at 4:15 pm

Interior Northbound Train at 4:08 pm

-3----+ Interior - Southbound Train at 4:12 pm

t'. .............. Interior - Northbound Train at 4:15 pm

FIGURE 28 TYPICAL A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR TRAIN PASSBY NOISE LEVELS MEASURED AT THE SOUTH MIAMI HOSPITAL ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER, 1987

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

100

__________________- EASTBOUND TRAIN 9

EASTBOUND TRAIN

t±IiiE 8O

60

50 I I (fl

12:44 p.m. 12:45 p.m. 12:46 p.m.

C)

z

II

(I)

çt

cJ

FIGURE 29 SECTION OF THE TIME HISTORY OF THE A-WEIGHTED NOISE LEVEL OUTSIDE THE

SILVERCUP RECORDING STUDIOS, NEW YORK CITY, MEASURED ON WEDNESDAY,

16 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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a 80 = cJ

LU

-c 70

-J LU > LU -J

LU 60 I

C/)

LU I 0- 50

z

0 (I)

o 40 z

LU >

30

0

20

------- I

1 ii ii ___ i 1 ii 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K 2K

OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY Hz

p Li Noise Level 12:34 to 1:19pm

o -o LiO Noise Level - 12:34 to 1:19 pm

4K 8K w

FIGURE 30 A-WEIGHTED NOISE LEVELS MEASURED OUTSIDE THE SILVERCUP RECORDING STUDIOS, NEW YORK CITY, ON WEDNESDAY, 16 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC.

1i-

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FIGURE 31 TYPICAL A-WEIGHTED TRAIN PASSBY NOISE LEVELS MEASURED OUTSIDE THE SILVERCUP RECORDING STUDIOS, NEW YORK CITY, ON WEDNESDAY, 16 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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THE ABC (wLS-TV) STUDIOS (STUDIO 2), CHICAGO, MEASURED ON THURSDAY,

17 SEPTEMBER 1987.

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o -E Inside Studio 2 11:20 am to 12:01 pm

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FIGURE 33 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN CHICAGO ON THURSDAY, 9/17/87

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FIGURE 34 A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 NOISE LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT TH-E

ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN CHICAGO ON THURSDAY, 9/17/87

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FIGURE 35 TYPICAL A-WEIGHTED EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR NOISE LEVELS MEASURED DURING TRAIN PASSBYS AT THE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN cHICAGO ON THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1987

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RANGE OF MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE VIBRATION IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

RANGE OF MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE VIBRATION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

FIGURE 36 CRITERIA FOR ACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF TRANSIENT GROUND-BORNE VIBRATION IN COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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OUTSIDE KTTV CHANNEL 11 (STAGE 7), MEASURED ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER 1987

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FIGURE 38 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT KTTV CHANNEL 11 ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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FIGURE 39 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT KTTV CHANNEL 11 ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER 1987

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FIGURE 42 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE SELF REALIZATION FELLOWSHIP PREMISES ON TUESDAY, 9/8/87

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FIGURE 43 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE SELF REALIZATION FELLOWSHIP PREMISES ON 9/8/87

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8 SEPTEMBER 1987

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10 SEPTEMBER 1987

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o -o Inside Control Room B 3:10 to 3:30 pm

FIGURE 46 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE KMPC AM STUDIOS ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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o - Inside Control Room B - 3:10 to 3:30 pm

FIGURE 47 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR LID VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE KMPC AM STUDIOS ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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FIGURE 48 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE KMPC AM STUDIOS ON THURSDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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FIGURE 49 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE KMPC AM STI,JDIOS ON THURSDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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OUTSIDE THE KWHY CHANNEL 22 STUDIOS (STUDIO B), MEASURED ON UTESDAY,

8 SEPTEMBER 1987

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OUTSIDE THE KWHY CHANNEL 22 STUDIOS (STUDIO A), MEASURED ON TUESDAY,

8 SEPTEMBER 1987

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FIGURE 52 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT KWHY CHANNEL 22 ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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FIGURE 53 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT KWHY CHANNEL 22.ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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KTLA CHANNEL 5 STUDIOS (STAGE 9), MEASURED ON THURSDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER 1987 cn ri-

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FIGURE 55 INTERIOR VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS MEASURED AT KTLA CHANNELS (STAGE 9) ON THURSDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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OUTSIDE THE CEDARS MEDICAL CENTER, MIAMI, MEASURED ON TUESDAY,

15 SEPTEMBER 1987

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FIGURE 57 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE CEDARS MEDICAL CENTER, MIAMI, ON TUESDAY, 9/15/87

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FIGURE 58 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE CEDARS MEDICAL CENTER, MIAMI, ON TUESDAY, 9/15/87

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FIGURE 59 TYPICAL EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR TRAIN PASSBY VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS MEASURED AT THE CEDARS MEDICAL CENTER, MIAMI, ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER, 1987

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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FIGURE 61 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE SOUTH MIAMI HOSPITAL ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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FIGURE 62 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE SOUTH MIAMI HOSPITAL ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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o 40 z

LU >

30

C

20


ii i

-H

c II

4 8 16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY-- Hz

> 0

p Exterior - Northbound Train at 4:08 pm

-o Exterior Southbound Train at 4:12 pm

>.- ----- x Exterior - Northbound Train at 4:15 pm

Interior Northbound Train at 4:08 pm

I Interior - Southbound Train at 4:12 pm

Interior - Northbound Train at 4:15 pm

FIGURE 63 TYPICAL EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR TRAIN PASSBY VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS MEASURED AT THE SOUTH MIAMI HOSPITAL ON TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER, 1987

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

v,11O

- .---. ------ ----------- -------- - - -- EASTBOUND TRAIN 9

I- - ----. - ----- I I-- I

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________ 1.

IN!..I

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12:44 p.m. 12:45 p.m. 12:46 p.m.

C')

'-3

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FIGURE 64 SECTION OF TIME HISTORY OF THE VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVEL OUTSIDE THE

SILVERCUP RECORDING STUDIOS, NEW YORK CITY, MEASURED QN WEDNESDAY, 1

16 SEPTEMBER 1987

0 Cs)

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: / / -

- /

-ii _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

ii

liii II liii Ii 4 8 16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K

OCTAVEBANDCENTER FREQUENCY--Hz > 0

p Li Vibration Level - 12:34 to 1:19 pm

o -o L10 Vibration Level- 12:34 to 1:19 pm

FIGURE 65 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS MEASURED OUTSIDE THE SILVERCUP RECORDING STUDiOS, NEW YORK CITY, ON WEDNESDAY, 16 SEPTEMBER, 1987

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( LU C')

z (9 70 C uJ

60

-J uJ > LU -J _J 50 LU > C/)

o 40 z

LU >

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I I ii I I I I

4 8 16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K OCTAVEBANDCENTERFREQUENCY--Hz

> 0

p Eastbound Train at 12:43 pm

D -------- Eastbound Train at 12:50 pm

* ----- x Westbound Train at 1:02 pm

FIGURE 66 TYPICAL TRAIN PASSBY VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS MEASURED OUTSIDE THE SILVERCUP RECORDING STUDIOS, NEW YORK CITY, ON WEDNESDAY, 16 SEPTEMBER, 1987

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

70

cIln%.IIV TDI1tI

EXTERIOR VIBRATION ELEVATED TRAIN z

SUI3WI\Y TRA1FI

I40 _J .- ...... -- LiJ

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I.LJ J or, k . - . cx,

>-OU .. ..................... N I

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1 1) 1iI II, J

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11:45 a.m. 11:46 a.m. 11:47 a.m. 11:48 a.rn.

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FIGURE 67 SECTION OF THE TIME HISTORY OF 11-IL VIUF<MIIUN VLLUU!IY LLVLL irisiu /-riu

OUTSIDE THE ABC (WLSTV) STUDIOS (STUDIO 2), CHICAGO, MEASURED ON THURSDAY,

17 SEPTEMBER 1987

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z (97 0 1

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4 8 16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K OCTAVEBANDCENTERFREQUENCY-- Hz

0

p p Exterior- 11:20 amto 12:01 pm

o -o Inside Stage 2 - 11:20 am to 12:01 pm

FIGURE 68 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN CHICAGO ON THURSDAY, 9/17/87

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:1

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z (9 70 Q LU

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4 8 16 3t5 63 125 250 500 1K OCTAVEBANDCENTERFREQUENCY-- Hz

0

p Exterior- 11:20amto 12:01 pm

o -o Inside Stage 2 - 1 1:20 am to 12:01 pm

FIGURE 69 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED ATTI-fE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN CHICAGO ON THURSDAY, 9/17/87

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0 LU C')

z (9 70 0 LU

6O

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_i 50 LU > C/)

40 z

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p Exterior Subway Train at 11:28 am

Exterior - Subway Train at 11:45 am

x Exterior - Elevated Train at 11:54 am

Interior- 11:28am

I Interior- 11:45am

Interior- 11:54am

FIGURE 70 TYPICAL EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS MEASURED DURING TRAIN PASSBYS AT THE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN CHICAGO ON 9/17/87

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

70 EXTERIOR VIBRATION ELEVATED TRAIN

.

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FIGURE 67 SECTION OF 1HL lIME HI5IUI'(Y Ui- IIIL VII3KMIIUIN VLLUL!IY LLVLL Ir11LJt RI'IU

OUTSIDE THE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS (STUDIO 2), CHICAGO, MEASURED ON THURSDAY,

17 SEPTEMBER 1987

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II II H 4 8 16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K


p Exterior - 11:20 am to 12:01 pm

-o Inside Stage 2 11:20 am to 12:01 pm

FIGURE 68 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR Li VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 1% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT THE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN CHICAGO ON THURSDAY, 9/17/87

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p Exterior 11:20 am to 12:01 pm

o Inside Stage 2 11:20 am to 12:01 pm

FIGURE 69 EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR L10 VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS (LEVELS EXCEEDED 10% OF THE TIME) MEASURED AT TI-fE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN CHICAGO ON THURSDAY, 9/17/87

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z (97 0 uJ

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____ II ___ ___ ___ ___ 4 8 16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1K




x Exterior Elevated Train at 11:54 am

Interior 11:28 am

I I Interior- 11:45am

(>-<) Interior - 11:54 am

FIGURE 70 TYPICAL EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR VIBRATION VELOCITY LEVELS MEASURED DURING TRAIN PASSBYS AT THE ABC (WLS-TV) STUDIOS IN CHICAGO ON 9/17/87

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WILSON. IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1

APPENDIX A


PHOTOGRAPHS OF ALL MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS

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Wt St.:'\, ; A"X I\

£XTEROR 4EASUREMENT LOAT.iON AT KTIV C:HA1NEL 11

LOS PNGLL ON 8 SEPTL'MBER I 98?.

ITFRIOR MEASLkEt4Efl LDCATON AT KTTV C'i''1:L

ST7'.GE s: ci IUESDA!' , B SPTEMflE :.y7

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%ll..&)N, i'H&U.fr I\c.

INTTOR r ,SIJREVENT LOCA :O:N AT KT CANNEL I

STAGI 7) UN rJESDA. S SEPTEMEP 19PI7.

:NTRioR VASURVTT LUCAT1UN AT TH EL1 REALI ZAIW L 'WFTP PF'ISc '-E1 i "r UJESAY

a SEP1E>1EE 1 9b1

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V. .( ). .

EXTERO.R MEAS1EMEt'fl: LOCATION T IRE SELf REALJZAT:I.P

IFELLO'S.H1:P Cji T:JESDA 8 SEP1E.1ER 19E7

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\(Y\ & (..X..AUS.

INTERIOR :1EASRE1ET LOCATION AT THE SELF RL.2ATIO1

E1. LOWSHtP pEMtS.ES (TE$iPLE) ON TUESDAY, 8 SEPTEMBER 1q87

ZXTER.O MEI.SIJc.EMENT .00ATION AT fl-ft KM.PC/:JT COMPLEX

or HThSDA, 10 SE.PTEr4RE ,

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.1Rc \&X iAIS .\(

TERO M.EASLRE.MENi LDCAT1O AT THE KMPC A.M SiUDtft

CtTRUL CiO4 :8) D 1UES[)AY S SEPTE:4EER 1987

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INTERIOR MEASUREMENT LOCATIOr At THE KPC AM STULU0

(PRODUCTIO 57U310} ON IHURSDA'?, 10 SEPTEt4R :,

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EXTERIOR MEA$URE1ENT LOCATION AT :WIY CHANF:EL 22 )N

TUESDA?, . SEPTEM3E 19/.

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& A .x:;?'fl-.

INTERIDR '1EASkLMEri LOCAl ION AT KWHY CHM1EL 22

STUDID O1 JESLAY. . S.PTEM3ER 1987.

IINTER1(ll ME IRYT LOCATION AT KW.H C.HAN4EL 22

1STUCIC A N TIjES:JAY SE..TU'.BER 1987.

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[::TEUC ESJREM41 LjtION AT CFL'AS EDiCAL NtLR

MIAJ , Or ftLDt'Y( SLPTEEER 1:P

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1NTERH3. MEAsuRE4Errr LOCPJiO Al CEOAS EIC1 CE?'E

(4Th LOORCORRtCURJ O TUL'TY, 1 S[.P1EME 1 97.

L.LVTE11 s'rRLICflJE. 4ER Mi:I HOS.1M- S1OJ1NG

SDUD uRIE WALLS.

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,.\ ?t 1k: C.(iH,. \<

E:rERIO MEAsuREEr.T LOCATt6 AT SOUTH M1PJt HOSL TL

TFSr.AY , 15 SPTFMRE1 19/.

1 NTE.GI P[ASI1 RLM[NT LCC.T I iT SOUTH ,M1 OP t T Cr1 ESflA , b.STFIEI

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Ikl9LVh.

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S ]LVE..CU P 1 ECORIDI 1(i S 1IOS * DJAET TO Oil E. N [C'C

iIR1DGE, 1Fk 9ORK CIY.

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Iw çc)\. &sc x c.

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E:c1LvoR C.ATI p,rc iwi, s- ;

O ThJS)A. I I SFPTEr4LR 18f.

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'k.S(, ft:. . A:ir. N:.

UI(E STREi LLL''.A1LL SRUCTR[ A[JCEP4T TO (WLS-) -r .r in Tsc ' 'r'.

1' ii j ti.; I (I .

U4TERIO MEASUREMER LCJ(ATtIN i ALC. C8LS_Tt JUl C.

2 ON 1'f PIIMBFR 17.

I IWILSON, IHRIC & ASSOCIATES, c. B-i SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

APPENDIX B

GLOSSARY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ACOUSTICAL TERMS

IGlossary of Terms

IA-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVEL (dBA):

The sound pressure level in decibels as measured on a

Isound level meter using the internationally standardized

A-weighting filter or as computed from sound spectral data

Ito which A-weighting adjustments have been made.

A-weighting de-emphasizes the low and very high frequency

components of the sound in a manner similar to the

Iresponse of the average human ear. A-weighted sound

levels correlate well with subjective reactions of people

Ito noise and are universally used for community noise

evaluations. Figure B-i shows typical dEA levels from

various sources of noise.

I ACCELEROMETER:

A vibration sensitive transducer that responds to the

vibration acceleration of a surface to which it is

Iattached. The electronic signal generated by an

accelerometer is directly proportional to the surface

Iacceleration.

IACCELERATION LEVEL:

Also referred to as "vibration acceleration level."

I Vibration acceleration is the rate of change of speed and

direction of a vibration. An accelerometer generates an

electronic signal that is proportional to the vibration

Iacceleration of the surface to which it is attached, The

acceleration level is 20 times the logarithm to the base

1 10 of the ratio of the RMS value of the acceleration to a

reference acceleration. The generally accepted reference

Ivibration acceleration is i06 g (l0 m/sec) .

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WILSON, IHR)G & ASSOCIATES, INC. 3-2 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

AMBIENT NOISE:

The prevailing general noise existing at a location or in

a space, which usually consists of a composite of sounds

from many sources near and far.

BACKGROUND NOISE:

Noise from all sources other than the source of interest.

Generally background noise consists of a large number of

distant noise sources and can be characterized by L90 or

L99.

C-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVEL (dBC)

The sound pressure level in decibels as measured on a sound

level meter using the internationally standardized

C-weighting filter or as computed from sound spectral data

to which C-weighting adjustments have been made. The

C-weighting network weights the frequencies between 70 Hz

and 4000 Hz uniformly, but below and above these frequency

limits the sound is discriminated against. Generally,

C-weighted frequencies are essentially the same as overall

sound pressure levels, which require rio discrimination at

any frequency.

COMMUNITY NOISE EQUIVALENT LEVEL (CNEL):

IThe Leq of the A-weighted noise level over a 24-hour

period with a 5 dB penalty applied to noise levels between

I7 p.m. and 10 p.m. and a 10 dB penalty applied to noise

levels between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m.

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DAY-NIGHT SOUND LEVEL (Lan):

The Leg of the A-weighted noise level over a 24-hour

period with a 10 dE penalty applied to noise levels

between 10 p.m. and 7 a.rn.

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WILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC. B-3 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

DECIBEL (dB):

The decibel is a measure on a logarithmic scale of the

magnitude of a particular quantity (such as sound

pressure, sound power, intensity) with respect to a

standardized reference quantity.

ENERGY EQUIVALENT LEVEL (Leq):

The level of a steady noise which would have the same

energy as the fluctuating noise level of interest

integrated over the time period of interest. Leg is

widely used as a single-number descriptor of environmental

noise. Leg is based on the logarithmic or energy

summation and it places more emphasis on high noise level

periods than does L50 or a straight arithmetic average of

noise level over time. This energy average is not the

same as the average of sound pressure levels over the

period of interest, but must be computed by a rather

complex procedure involving logarithms and integrals.

Taken into account are the total times for which various

noise levels are exceeded, thus the actual or assumed time

history of the noise level must be known.

FREQUENCY (Hz):

The number of oscillations per second of a periodic noise

(or vibration) expressed in Hertz (abbreviated Hz)

Frequency in Hertz is the same as cycles per second.

L1, L10, L50, L90 AND L99:

The noise (or vibration) levels that are exceeded for 1%,

10%, 50%, 90% and 99% of a specified time period,

respectively. Environmental noise and vibration data are

often described in these terms. See section A-2 for a

more detailed discussion of the statistical distribution

terms.

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WLSON, HRC & ASSOCIATES, INC. B-4 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

NOISE REDUCTION COEFFICIENT (NRC):

Noise reduction coefficient is a measure of the acoustical

absorption performance of a material, calculated by

averaging its sound absorption coefficients at 250 Hz, 500

Hz, 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz.

OCTAVE BAND 1/3 Octave Band

One octave is an interval between two sound frequencies

that have a ratio of two. For example, the frequency

range of 200 Hz to 400 Hz is one octave, as is the

frequency range of 2000 Hz to 4000 Hz. An octave band is

a frequency range that is one octave wide. A standard

series of octaves is used in acoustics, and they are

specified by their center frequencies. In acoustics, to

increase resolution, the frequency content of a sound or

vibration is often analyzed in terms of 1/3 octave bands,

where each octave is divided into three 1/3 octave bands.

REVERBERENT FIELD:

The region in a room where the reflected sound dominates,

as opposed to the region close to the noise source, where

the direct sound dominates.

REVERBERATION:

1 The continuation of sound reflections within an enclosed

space after the sound source has stopped.

REVERBERATION TIME (RT):

I The time taken for the sound-pressure level in a room to

decrease to one-millionth (60 dB) of its steady state

value when the source of sound energy is suddenly

Iinterrupted. It is a measure of the persistence of a

sound in a room and of the amount of acoustical absorption

Ipresent inside the room.

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WILSON, IHRIC & ASSOCIATES, INC. B-5 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT (cr):

The absorption coefficient of a material is the ratio of

the sound absorbed by the material to that absorbed by an

equivalent area of an open window. The absorption

coefficient of a perfectly absorbing surface would be 1.0

and for marble slate is approximately 0.01.

SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL (SPL):

The sound pressure level of a sound in decibels is 20

times the logarithm to the base of 10 of the ratio of the

RMS value of the sound pressure to the RMS value of a

reference sound pressure. The generally accepted

reference sound pressure is 20 micro-pascals.

VELOCITY LEVEL:

IAlso referred to as the "vibration velocity level."

Vibration velocity is the rate of change of displacement

Iof a vibration. The velocity level is 20 times the

logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the RMS value of

the velocity to the reference velocity. In this report

I the reported vibration velocity levels are all referenced

to l06 in/sec. The vibration velocity of a surface is

Igenerally measured by integrating the output from an

accelerometer. Above approximately 10 Hz, human responses

Ito a vibration is more closely correlated to the velocity

level than the acceleration level.

WEIGHTED VELOCITY LEVEL:

I The vibration velocity level to which a weighting factor

has been added. The weighting de-emphasizes the low

frequencies in a manner similar to human response to

Ivibration. The weighting used in this report is based on

that proposed in Reference 10, however, there is no

Iinternationally recognized velocity weighting filter.

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I \Vft.SQN, HRIG & ASSOC!A1ES, INC. 13-6 SCRTD/N&V Near Studios

STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION TERMS

L99 and L90 are descriptors of the typical minimum or

"residual" background noise (or vibration) levels observed

Iduring a measurement period, normally made up of the

summation of a large number of sound sources distant from

Ithe measurement position and not usually recognizable as

individual noise sources. The most prevalent source of

Ithis residual noise is distant street traffic. L99 and

L93 are not strongly influenced by occasional local motor

I vehicle pass-bys. However they can be influenced by

stationary sources such as air conditioning equipment.

IL50 represents a long-term statistical median noise level

over the measurement period and does reveal the long-term

1 influence of local traffic.

L10 describes the average of the peaks or maximum noise

levels occurring, for example, during nearby pass-bys of

trucks, buses, automobiles, trains, or airplanes. Thus,

1 while L10 does not describe the typical maximum noise

levels observed at a point, it is strongly influenced by

Ithe momentary maximum noise level occurring during vehicle

pass-bys.

I the noise level exceeded for 1% of the times is

Irepresentative of the occasional, isolated maximum or peak

level which occurs in an area. L1 is usually strongly

influenced by occasional isolated short-duration noise

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events such as aircraft or vehicle passbys.

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\\'ILSON, IHRIG & ASSOCIATES, INC.

RIVETING ON LARGE STEEL

PLATE AT 6 FT

CHAIN SAW,

OPERATOR'S EAR

UNSILENCED MOTORCYCLE

AT 3 FT FROM EXHAUST

B-7

dBA

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PLATFORM NOISE, TRAIN PASSING

THROUGH CTA TUNNEL STATION

WITH CONCRETE TRACKBED

TRANSIT TRAINS ON CTA STEEL

ELEVATED STRUCTURE

(50 MPH AT 50 FT)

WHEEL SQUEAL NOISE AT 25 FT

DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE (SOLID STEEL WHEELS)

AT 50 FT INSIDE OLD CTA CAR, CONCRETE

90 TRACKBED SUBWAY (50 MPH)

HEAVY TRUCK AT 15 M RAPID TRANSIT TRAIN ON (50 MPH) BALLAST-AND-TIE TRACK

(50 MPH AT 50 FT FROM TRACK)

80 AUTOMOBILE AT 15 M TRAIN ENTERING AND LEAVING

BART SUBWAY STATION (50 MPH)

INSIDE MODERN AUTOMOBILE INSIDE NEW TRANSIT CAR,

BALLAST-AND-TIE TRACK (50 MPH) (60 MPH)

ELECTRIC TYPEWRITER

INTERIOR OF STATIONARY BART CAR MAN'S VOICE AT 3 FT

ON SUBWAY PLATFORM WITH STATIONARY BART TRAIN

LARGE TRANSFORMER BACKGROUND NOISE LEVEL INSIDE

AT 100 FT MODERN SUBWAY STATION

40

JIlL

dBA

I FIGURE B-i

I

TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS

wilson, ihrig associates, inc.libraryarchives.metro.net/dpgtl/scrtd/1987... · - the silvercup...

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