wimax standards overview

7/30/2019 WIMAX Standards Overview

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WIMAX & CDMA2000

III. WIMAX STANDARDS

OVERVIEW


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Agenda

Structure of 802 standards 802.16 standards overview

802.16 -2001

802.16c

802.16b

802.16a

802.16 d

802.16 d

802.16e

802.16f

802.16 h, i, j WIBRO

802.20

WIMAX Systems Profile


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III.1 IEEE 802 standards overview

NETWORK LAYER (IP)

802.1

Network

Manage

ment

802.2 LOGICAL LINK CONTROL

802.3

PHY

802.5

PHY

802.11

b

PHY

802.11

g

PHY

802.11

a

PHY

802.16

PHY

802.16

d

PHY

802.15.1

PHY

802.3

MAC

802.16

e

PHY

802.15.1

MAC

802.16

MAC

802.11

MAC802.5

MAC

802

Overview

and

Architecture

OVERVIEW OF 802 STANDARDS


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III.2 IEEE 802.16 standards overview

802.16-2001Approved Dec 2001, published 2002.

WMAN for fixed wireless applications,

only an air interface, with single carrier

modulation. 10-66GHz band, PMP infrastructure

268 Mbps

No compliance with ETSI HyperMAN Has undergone many revisions


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802.16c Ensure interoperability with LMDS in the 10-66GHz. More bandwidth.

Coverage limited < 5km from the base station.

Mandatory elements include system profiling,

provisioned connections, provide IPV4 support ontransport connection, support fragmentation.

Optional elements include security protocols.

Network technology independent, ATM or TCP/IP

Revised


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802.16b, WirelessHUMAN Wireless High Speed Unlicensed MAN QoS features to ensure differentiated services for

different traffic types.

Extended 802.16-2001 to operate in the license

exempt 5-6 GHz band. Discontinued


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802.16a, Published in April 2003 Standardize Multichannel multipoint distribution

service in the lower frequency 2-11 GHz range.

NLOS communication with cell radius of to 50km

75Mbps Mesh mode operation facilitating subscriber-

subscriber

Fixes to be corrected by 802.16d


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802.16d formally called 802.16-2004, Revised all the amendments of 802.16-2001. workinggroups formed to address the following:

802.16e mobility

802.16f Management Information Base

802.16g Management plane procedures and services 802.16h Improved coexistence mechanisms for

license exempt operation

802.16i mobile MIB

802.16j mobile multihop relay

802.16k bridging


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III.3 802.16-2004

The 802.16-2004 standard is defined over the2-66 GHz range, providing LOS in the

upper frequency ranges and NLOS in the

lower frequency ranges. The 802.16-2004

protocol stack is defined over the lower twolayers of the OSI reference model, the MAC

sublayer, the Physical layer.


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III.3.1 802.16-2004 protocol stack

LINK LAYER CONTROL

CONVERGENCE SUBLAYER

LINK LAYER CONTROLCOMMON PART SUBLAYER

PRIVACY SUBLAYER

TRANSMISSION CONVERGENCE SUBLAYER

256QAM64QAM16QAMQPSK

MAC

PH

Y


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The 802.16 Physical Layer

The 802.16 transmission environment


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III.3.2 802.16-2004 PHY Defined for LOS operations in the 10-66 GHz range and NLOS

operations in the 2-11 GHz range. In LOS operations WirelessMAN-SC is defined and supports

both FDD and TDD modes.

In the 2-11GHz range, to support NLOS operations, 3 new

PHY specifications are defined: single carrier PHY, a 256 FFT

OFDM PHY, 2048 FFT OFDMA. The single carrier PHY, WirelessMAN-SCa is similar to

WirelessMAN-SC but adapted for NLOS operations.

The other 2 a based on OFDM. OFDM uses 256 RF

subcarriers to transmit different signals simultaneously.

Neighboring sub carriers overlap, but are orthogonal to

each other to prevent ICI.

OFDM is more resilient to multipath effects than

WirelessMAN-SCx and has higher bandwidth efficiency.


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III.3.2 802.16-2004 PHYOther features of the PHY include:

Adaptive antenna systems, using multiple antennas atboth the Tx and Rx ends (MIMO systems), to

increase channel capacity by steering beams to

multiple users to achieve in cell frequency reuse.

MIMO increases SIR. Adaptive modulation techniques, wide range of trade-

offs and robustness. 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM.

Space time coding (optional) used in downlink

communications to provide for space-transmit

diversity. Space time coding assumes the BS has 2

antennas and the SS has one.


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III.3.3 802.16-2004 MAC The MAC supports the different PHY specifications

by using TDMA.

TDMA supports different levels of QoS and bounded

delay communication through predetermined SLA.

This can be achieved by allocating bandwidth on a

request/grant mechanism. The standard supports

TDD and FDD, half and full duplex.

802.16-2004 is designed to carry any future higher

layer protocol such as IP version 4, IP version 6,

VOIP, Ethernet, and VLAN services. The 802.16

MAC is further divided into sublayers that handle

different services.


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III.3.3 802.16-2004 MAC

The convergence sublayer is designed to map

services to and from 802.16 MAC. It is further

divided into the ATM convergence sublayer, and

packet convergence sublayer. Packet

convergence sublayer provides support for IP,

Ethernet, and VLAN. The main task of the

convergence sublayer is to map higher PDUs into

proper service DU. It is also responsible for

bandwidth allocation and QoS, as well as header

suppression and reconstruction to enhance air-

link efficiency.


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III.3.3 802.16-2004 MAC

Common Part Sublayer. 802.16 is designed tosupport PMP network architecture while mesh

operations are left optional. 802.16 MAC is

connection oriented.

The PMP TDD is used to divide transmission timeinto up and downlink periods. On the downlink, data

to SS are multiplexed in TDM fashion and broadcast

to all capable of listening to the downlink frame.

TDMA on demand bases is implemented on theuplink.

Connections are identified by 16 bit connection

identifiers.


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III.3.3 802.16-2004 MAC Privacy sublayer provides secure key exchange and

encryption. Privacy sublayer has 2 main protocols. An encapsulation for encrypting data across the

802.16 network.

A privacy key management (PKM) protocol to

facilitate secure distribution of the keying data

from the BS to the SS

PKM is used in security association.802.16 defines 3

types of security associationprimary, static, and

dynamic. Primary security association is established

during the SS initialization. Static service association isprovisioned within the BS while dynamic security

association is initiated and terminated on demand in a

response of initiation and termination of service flows.


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III.4 IEEE 802.16e

The scope of IEEE 802.16e is to provide

mobility support enhancement support for

SS moving at vehicular speed.

IEEE 802.16e introduces many changes to

PHY and MAC layer protocols owing tomobility support, which required addressing

new issues that were not required in

802.16-2004, such as handoff and powermanagement.

It is an amendment to IEEE 802.16-2004.


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III.4.1 802.16e PHYChanges included in 802.16e PHY include

Limitation of 802.16e operations to licensed bandssuited for mobility below 6 GHz.

802.16e defines a new air interface, scalable-

OFDMA.

The AAS, space time code, and closed loop MIMOare enhanced to improve coverage and data

transmission rate.

802.16e includes an additional advanced low

complexity coding option method, low-density paritycheck (LDPC) to provide for more flexible encoding.

LDPC codes 6 bits for every 5 data bits with a rate of

5/6.


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III.4.2 802.16e MAC

To provide mobility support 802.16e MAC

provides support for mobility. It adds support for

handoff and power management.

For QoS support 802.16e defines 3 new

scheduling mechanisms, the extendedreal- time polling service (ErtPS),unsolicited

grant service(UGS), and real time polling

service.


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III.4.2 802.16e MAC

Handover support is achieved through fast

base station switching and hard handoff

mechanisms for intercell and intersector

handover. 802.16e also supports

macrodiversity handover andintertechnology roaming.

Power management is through idle and

sleep modes


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III.5 IEEE 802.16f

802.16f defines a management information

base (MIB) for the MAC and PHY.

It provides a management reference model for

802.16-2004 networks. The model consists of

a network management system(NMS),managed nodes and service flow database.

802.16f is based on SNMP version 2 with

optional support for SNMP version 3. SNMPv2

is backward compatible with SNMPv1.


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III.6 IEEE 802.16i

802.16i is to amend or supersede 802.16f.

Its scope is to provide mobility

enhancement to 802.16 MIB to the MAC

layer, PHY layer and associated

management procedures. It uses protocol-neutral methodologies for

network management to specify resource

models and related solution sets for the

management of devices in a multivendor

802.16 mobile network (IEEE

NetMan,2006b).


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III.7 802.16gThe scope of 802.16g is to produce procedures and service

amendments to 802.16-2004 and802.16e-2005; provide network management schemes to

enable interoperable and efficient management of

network resources, mobility, spectrum; and standardize

management plane behavior in 802.16 fixed and mobile

devices.

802.16g defines a generic packet convergence sublayer as

upper layer protocol-independent as packet convergence

sublayer that supports multiple protocols over 802.16


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III.8 IEEE 802.16k

802.16k is to define necessaryprocedures and MAC layer

enhancements to allow 802.16-2004 to

support bridge functionality defined on

802.1D.

802.16k provides explicit support for

802.1p end-to-end priority data

through explicit one-to-one mapping of

user priority.


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III.9 IEEE 802.16h

The main purpose of 802.16g is to developimproved MAC mechanisms to enable

coexistence among licensed-exempt

802.16-2004 devices and facilitate

coexistence with other systems using the

same band.

802.16h designs a coexistence protocol,

which is defined at the IP level andis mainlyintended for BS-BS communication


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III.9 IEEE 802.16hSome MAC enhancement mechanisms include

Capability negotiation is a mechanism provided atthe MAC layer for the BS to learn about its

associated SS capabilities and functionalities for

supporting coexistence licensed-exempt band.

Extended channel numbering structure,used todefine channel bandwidth for better interference

management.

Measurement and reporting: a process for defining

mechanisms and messages at the MAC layer tomeasure and report interference level and bandwidth

band usage.


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III.10 IEEE802.16jIEEE 802.16j is intended to improve legacy

802.16 networks coverage, throughput, and system capacity. 802.16j extends the network

infrastructure of legacy 802.16 to include three

relay types: fixed relays, nomadic relays, and

mobile relays. 802.16j is required to enable

the operation of the relay nodes over the

licensed band.


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III.11 WiBro A typically Korean homegrown wireless

technology. Compartible with the 802.16e profiles, TDD based.

Operates with 9MHz channels in the 2.3GHz band

with OFDMA as access technology

Supports vehicular speeds of upto 120 km/h. Peak user data rates are 3Mbps in the DL (1Mbps

in the UL) and 18Mbps of peak sector throughput

in the DL (6Mbps in the DL).

Average user data rates > 512 kbps, cell radius

~1km.Largely deployed in densely populated

areas.


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III.12 IEEE 802.20

It defines mobility from the ground up at

high speeds.

It is supposed to provide data rates from

1Mbps 4Mbps, operating at frequencies

below the 3.5 GHz band with a 15km range. Defines a new PHY and MAC

It is not part of the WIMAX standard but it is

expected to provide broadband dataservices similar to WIMAX.


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III.13 WIMAX Systems ProfileA WiMAX system certification profile is a set of features of the

802.16 standard, selected by the WiMAX Forum, that isrequired or mandatory for these specific profiles. The

802.16 indicates that a system (certification) profile

should contain the following 5 components

MAC profile

PHY profile RF profile

Duplexing selection

Power class

Two system profiles have been defined

Fixed Wimax system profile

Mobile Wimax sytem profile


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III.13.1 Fixed Wimax systems profile Fixed Wimax certification profiles are specified for OFDM PHY with 256 subcarriers

and PMP modes of operation.

Plans are underway to specify profiles with 5MHz channels in the 2.5 GHz band, andalso as the regulatory and market environment changes with the allocation of newfrequency bands to the service

Fixed certification profiles based on 802.16e are also planned

Frequency

band

Duplexing

mode

Channel

bandwidth

Profile

name3.4 - 3.6 GHz TDD 7 MHz 3.5T1

3.4 - 3.6 GHz TDD* 3.5 MHz 3.5 T2

3.4 - 3.6 GHz FDD 3.5 MHz 3.5 F1

3.4 - 3.6GHz FDD 7 MHz 3.5 F2

5.725-5.85GHz TDD 10 MHz 5.8T

* Product are already certified for this profile


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III.13.2 Mobile Wimax system Profile

Mobile Wimax profiles are specified for

802.16e, to function with scalable OFDMA

PHY and PMP mode.

It is expected that some cohabitation will

exist between the fixed profiles and the

mobile profiles so as to cater for fixed

subscribers in mobile BTS deployments.


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III.13.2 Mobile Wimax system ProfileProfile

name

Frequency

band (GHz)

Channel

BW MHz

Duplexing Wave Status

MP01 2.3 2.4 GHz 8.75 MHz TDD Wave 1

only

active

MP02 2.3 2.4 GHz 5 & 10 TDD Wave 2

MP03 2.305 -2.320

2.345 2.360

5 MHz TDD Wave 2 Active

MP04 2.305 -2.3202.345 2.360

10 MHz TDD Wave 2

MP05 2.496 2.69 5 & 10 TDD Wave 2

MP06 3.3 3.4 5 TDD Wave 2

MP07 3.3 3.4 7 TDD Wave 2

MP08 3.4 -3.8 5 TDD Wave 2

MP09 3.4 3.6 5 TDD Wave 2

MP10 3.4 3.6 7 TDD Wave 2

MP11 3.4 3.8 1o TDD Wave 2

MP12 3.4 -3.6 10 TDD Wave 2


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III.11 Conclusion The main standard for fixed WIMAX is

802.16-2004.

802.16e supports mobile functionality at

vehicular speeds.


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SUMMARYOverview of 802.16 standards

Scalable

OFDMA2048/ 1024 /

512

And 128

802.16eMobility

enhancement:

Handoff/Active set/

Anchor

Target

802.16a

Sca

OFDM 256

OFDM 2048

802.16b

Wireless

HUMAN

OFDM 256

802.16-2001

TDM

FDD/TDM

ATM + Packet

PCSSystem

Profiles

For

Cross

Manuf.

conformance

802.16802.16-

2004

PHY

802.16g: Mob.Mgmt procedures and services802.16f Management Information Base

PH

Y

M

A

C


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SUMMARY802.16 802.16a, Rev d 802.16 e

Completed Dec 2001 802.16 a: Jan03

802.16d : Q304

2005

Spectrum 10 66 GHz 2 - 11 GHz 2 6 GHz

Channel

conditions

LOS NLOS NLOS

Bit rate 32 -134Mbps at 28MHZchannelization

Up to 75 Mbps at20 MHz channelization

Up to 15Mbps at 5MHz Channels

Modulation QPSK, 16QAM & 64QAM, OFDM, OFDMA

QPSK, 16QAM & 64QAM,

Scalable OFDMA

Mobility Fixed Fixed Pedestrian mobility

Regional Roaming

Channel BW 20, 25 and 28 MHz Selectable bandwidths

1.25 20MHz

Same as 802.16d

Typical cell

radius

1.5- 5 km 3-5 km, can go upto 50km

depending on tower

height, antenna gain and

transmit power.

1.5 5km

wimax standards overview

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