win os & hardware
DESCRIPTION
Win OS & Hardware. Video Cards. Tasked with presenting the 1’s & 0’s of the program code graphically to the user via a monitor. Video Cards. A Typical Video/Graphics Card. Video Cards. Graphics cards convert digital information to analog information for display on the monitor. Video Cards. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Win OS & HardwareWin OS & Hardware
Video CardsVideo Cards
Tasked with presenting the 1’s & 0’s Tasked with presenting the 1’s & 0’s of the program code graphically to of the program code graphically to
the user via a monitor.the user via a monitor.
Video CardsVideo CardsA Typical Video/Graphics CardA Typical Video/Graphics Card
Video CardsVideo Cards
Graphics cards convert digital Graphics cards convert digital information to analog information for information to analog information for
display on the monitor display on the monitor
Video CardsVideo CardsAll of the different things on the All of the different things on the monitor screen are made up of monitor screen are made up of individual dots. These dots are individual dots. These dots are
called called pixelspixels
Video CardsVideo CardsPixels (Picture Element)Pixels (Picture Element)
A pixel represents the smallest A pixel represents the smallest piece of the screen that can be piece of the screen that can be controlled individually. Each one controlled individually. Each one
can be set to a different color and can be set to a different color and intensity (brightness)intensity (brightness)
Video CardsVideo CardsPixels (Picture Element)Pixels (Picture Element)
A small rectangular dotA small rectangular dot
Video CardsVideo Cards
Video CardsVideo CardsA graphics card is a circuit board A graphics card is a circuit board
with with memorymemory and a dedicated and a dedicated processor processor
Video CardsVideo CardsGraphics cards are known by many Graphics cards are known by many names, such as: names, such as: Video cards Video cards Video boards Video boards Video display boards Video display boards Graphics boards Graphics boards Graphics adapter cards Graphics adapter cards Video adapter cardsVideo adapter cards
Video CardsVideo CardsEvery Graphics Card has three Every Graphics Card has three
components:components:
Video CardsVideo CardsMemory Memory
The first thing that a graphics The first thing that a graphics card needs is memory. The card needs is memory. The
memory holds the color of each memory holds the color of each pixelpixel
Video CardsVideo CardsMemory Memory
Common Memory AmountsCommon Memory Amounts
32 MB32 MB
64 MB64 MB
128 MB128 MB
256 MB256 MB
512 MB512 MB
Video CardsVideo CardsMemory Memory
Video CardsVideo CardsComputer InterfaceComputer Interface
The way a graphics card changes The way a graphics card changes the graphics card's memory the graphics card's memory
Video CardsVideo CardsThis is normally done by This is normally done by
connecting the graphics card to connecting the graphics card to the card bus on the motherboard. the card bus on the motherboard. The computer can send signals The computer can send signals
through the bus to alter the through the bus to alter the memory.memory.
Video CardsVideo CardsAccelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) This port enables the video card This port enables the video card
to directly access system to directly access system memory, thereby speeding the memory, thereby speeding the
graphic displaygraphic display
Video CardsVideo CardsPCI-XPCI-X
Peripheral Component Interconnect ExpressPeripheral Component Interconnect Express
x16 PCI Express slot (top) and x1 PCI Express slot
Video CardsVideo CardsPCI-Express vs AGPPCI-Express vs AGP
PCI Express graphics card connector vs. AGP 8x graphics card connector
Video CardsVideo CardsPCI vs PCI-Express vs AGPPCI vs PCI-Express vs AGP
Video CardsVideo CardsVideo InterfaceVideo Interface
Graphic cards generate the signals Graphic cards generate the signals for the monitor, as well as for the monitor, as well as synchronization signals for synchronization signals for
horizontal and vertical synchorizontal and vertical sync
Video CardsVideo CardsRefresh RateRefresh Rate
How many times per second a How many times per second a whole screen image is drawn on whole screen image is drawn on
the monitorthe monitor
Video CardsVideo CardsRefresh RatesRefresh Rates
60 Hz 70 Hz 72 Hz 75 Hz60 Hz 70 Hz 72 Hz 75 Hz
85 Hz 90 Hz 100 Hz 120 Hz85 Hz 90 Hz 100 Hz 120 Hz
Video CardsVideo CardsColor DepthColor Depth
How many colors a Video Card can How many colors a Video Card can display on a monitordisplay on a monitor
Video CardsVideo CardsColor DepthColor Depth
The more bit depth a color has, the The more bit depth a color has, the more shades of that color can be more shades of that color can be
displayed. displayed.
Video CardsVideo CardsColor DepthColor Depth
Each of the three primary colors Each of the three primary colors (Red, Green and Blue or RGB) has (Red, Green and Blue or RGB) has a number of bits that describes its a number of bits that describes its
color "depth", or the number of color "depth", or the number of shades of that particular color that shades of that particular color that
can be displayed can be displayed
Video CardsVideo CardsColor DepthColor Depth
16 Color – 4 Bit = 216 Color – 4 Bit = 244
256 Color – 8 Bit = 2256 Color – 8 Bit = 288
65,536 Color – 16 Bit = 265,536 Color – 16 Bit = 21616
16 Million Color – 24 Bit = 216 Million Color – 24 Bit = 22424
16 Million Color + Transparency16 Million Color + Transparency
32 Bit = 232 Bit = 23232
Video CardsVideo CardsColor DepthColor Depth
Color Depth
Number of Displayed
Colors
Bytes of Storage Per
Pixel
Common Name for Color Depth
4-Bit 16 0.5 Standard VGA
8-Bit 256 1.0256-Color
Mode
16-Bit 65,536 2.0 High Color
24-Bit 16,777,216 3.0 True Color
Video CardsVideo CardsResolutionResolution
This is the number of horizontal and This is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels the video board vertical pixels the video board
produces, expressed in terms of produces, expressed in terms of counts. If 640 x 480 pixel resolution, counts. If 640 x 480 pixel resolution, your screen is divided into 640 dots your screen is divided into 640 dots
across and 480 dots downacross and 480 dots down
Video CardsVideo CardsCommon ResolutionsCommon Resolutions
640x480640x480
800x600800x600
1024x7681024x768
1280x10241280x1024
Video CardsVideo Cards
Video CardsVideo CardsVideo Card Chipset Video Card Chipset
ManufacturersManufacturers
ATI TechnologiesATI Technologies
NvidiaNvidia
S3S3
IntelIntel
MatroxMatrox
Video CardsVideo CardsQuestions?Questions?