Hybrid Hard Disk AndHybrid Hard Disk AndReadyDrive™ Technology: ReadyDrive™ Technology: Improving Performance And Power Improving Performance And Power For Windows Vista Mobile PCs For Windows Vista Mobile PCs

Ruston PanabakerRuston PanabakerArchitectArchitectWindows Hardware Innovation GroupWindows Hardware Innovation Group

Session GoalsSession Goals

Attendees should leave this sessionAttendees should leave this sessionwith the followingwith the following

An understanding of the Hybrid Hard Disk An understanding of the Hybrid Hard Disk technology benefits to the end usertechnology benefits to the end user

An understanding of the configuration control An understanding of the configuration control for the H-HDD including OEM benefits such for the H-HDD including OEM benefits such as pinning applicationsas pinning applications

PC system design considerations whenPC system design considerations whenusing Hybrid Hard Disksusing Hybrid Hard Disks

Focus on Mobile HDDFocus on Mobile HDD

Mobile PCs growing rapidly (20-30%)Mobile PCs growing rapidly (20-30%)

Top Mobile PC User ConcernsTop Mobile PC User ConcernsPerformancePerformance

Battery lifeBattery life

HDD consumes 8-10% of power in a laptopHDD consumes 8-10% of power in a laptop

HDD seek latencies create PC HDD seek latencies create PC performance bottleneckperformance bottleneck

Windows PC AcceleratorsWindows PC Accelerators

Reducing the mobile HDD Reducing the mobile HDD performance impactperformance impact

Windows Windows SuperFetchSuperFetchTMTM

Windows Windows ReadyBoostReadyBoostTMTM

Windows Windows ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM

Use available main Use available main memory more memory more effectivelyeffectively

Optimized based on Optimized based on user behavioruser behavior

More main system More main system memory is better in memory is better in Vista to avoid memory Vista to avoid memory pressure and disk pressure and disk contentioncontention

Use Flash devices Use Flash devices to cache additional to cache additional memory pagesmemory pages

Optimized based on Optimized based on user behavioruser behavior

Enhances system Enhances system performance during performance during memory pressurememory pressure

Use Hybrid Hard Use Hybrid Hard Disks to save power, Disks to save power, increase reliability and increase reliability and performanceperformance

Optimized based on Optimized based on user behavioruser behavior

Enhances system Enhances system performance during performance during disk contentiondisk contention

What Is A Hybrid Hard Disk What Is A Hybrid Hard Disk (H-HDD)?(H-HDD)?

NVCache

A H-HDD also hasa non-volatile cache

DRAMCacheAll disks have

a DRAM cache

ATA ATA InterfaceInterface

Hybrid Disk Drive BenefitsHybrid Disk Drive Benefits

Up to 90% Power Saving when

powered down

Read and Write instantly while

spindle stopped

Read instantly even while spindle spinning for higher

IO rate

ATA ATA InterfaceInterface

Disk comes ready in less than 1

second

NVCache

DRAMCache

Windows ReadyDrive™Windows ReadyDrive™

Technology in Windows Vista which usesTechnology in Windows Vista which usesH-HDD hardware to deliver user benefitsH-HDD hardware to deliver user benefits

PerformancePerformanceFaster boot and Resume from HibernateFaster boot and Resume from Hibernate

Faster and more consistent application launchFaster and more consistent application launch

Reduced disk contentionReduced disk contention

Saves battery powerSaves battery power

Increased system ruggedness and reliabilityIncreased system ruggedness and reliability

Works with all SKUs of Windows Vista onWorks with all SKUs of Windows Vista onany Hybrid Hard Disk enhanced for Windows any Hybrid Hard Disk enhanced for Windows ReadyDriveReadyDrive

Hybrid Hard Disk Boot And Hybrid Hard Disk Boot And ResumeResume

During shutdown or hibernate all the During shutdown or hibernate all the disk sectors needed to boot or disk sectors needed to boot or resume are pinned into the NV resume are pinned into the NV cachecache

On next power on the BIOS POST On next power on the BIOS POST runs and the disk is powered on but runs and the disk is powered on but the spindle won’t be ready for 2-4 the spindle won’t be ready for 2-4 secondsseconds

BIOS can read data from the NV BIOS can read data from the NV cache and all boot process IO can cache and all boot process IO can be read from the NV Cachebe read from the NV Cache

Once the rotating media is ready IO Once the rotating media is ready IO can be satisfied by both NV Cache can be satisfied by both NV Cache and rotating media for optimized and rotating media for optimized read performanceread performance 2.5” HDD2.5” HDD

Hard DiskController

NV Cache

MotherboardMotherboard

DRAM

ATAController

Windows Vista OS

ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM System Startup System Startup

Hybrid HDD comes ready faster and fast BIOS POST Hybrid HDD comes ready faster and fast BIOS POST reads from disk earlierreads from disk earlier

LBAs needed to start boot process are read fromLBAs needed to start boot process are read fromNV Cache before the magnetic spindle is readyNV Cache before the magnetic spindle is ready

No seek times for data in NV Cache for the remainder of No seek times for data in NV Cache for the remainder of startupstartup

BIOS andDisk spin-up Read disk

Read NV Cache

Std HDD

Hybrid HDD Read disk and NV Cache

timetime

Standard HDD

Read IOs

Write IOs

CPU is underutilized during much of boot while waiting for IO

Many small sequential read IOs early in boot using BIOS driver resultin high IO/s

During most of boot the IO/s and resulting data rate is quite low Typical max IO/s

Read IOs

Write IOs

CPU is kept much busier throughout boot with higher IO rate

Typical max IO/s

Eliminating seeks by satisfying IO from the NV Cache allows for much higher IO/s

Prototype H-HDD

Standard HDD

Read IOs

Write IOs

Read IOs

Write IOs

Prototype H-HDD

Shows when processes are started and stopped as boot progresses

For example, note LogonUI.exe start time with std HDD

Additional processesstart in future

Standard HDD

LogonUI.exe started much earlier withH-HDD system

H-HDD handles the random IO created by many services issuing IO much better then std HDD

Prototype H-HDD

Power Saving ModePower Saving Mode

SuperFetch buffers disk SuperFetch buffers disk data in system DRAM to data in system DRAM to fulfill reads fulfill reads Write IOs buffered in NV Write IOs buffered in NV cache while disk is spun cache while disk is spun downdownDisk spins up only whenDisk spins up only when

Read cache miss Read cache miss NV cache fullNV cache full

The disk spins-down and The disk spins-down and continues to use the NV continues to use the NV cachecache 2.5” HDD

Hard DiskController

NV Cache

Motherboard

DRAM

ATA Controller

Windows Vista OS

Power SavingsPower SavingsDepends on usage and ability to reduce Depends on usage and ability to reduce reads/writes to the platterreads/writes to the platter

More RAM is betterMore RAM is better

More NV Cache is betterMore NV Cache is better

Less user activity is betterLess user activity is better

Percent Spundown Time Operating on Battery

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Writeback +Spindown Logic

64 128 256 512 1024

NV Cache Size (MB)

Per

cen

t S

pu

nd

ow

n T

ime

Active Use Scenario

Idle Scenario

DVD Playback

Power Savings ExamplesPower Savings Examples

Active Use Example:Active Use Example:1.5W HDD spun-up1.5W HDD spun-up

0.5W HDD spun-down0.5W HDD spun-down

15W typical laptop15W typical laptop

Spun down 60% of timeSpun down 60% of time

4% battery saved or 4% battery saved or 12min on 5 hour battery12min on 5 hour battery

Idle Example:Idle Example:1.3W HDD spun-up1.3W HDD spun-up

0.3W HDD spun-down0.3W HDD spun-down

8W typical laptop8W typical laptop

Spun down 95% of timeSpun down 95% of time

12% battery saved or 36 12% battery saved or 36 min on 5 hour batterymin on 5 hour battery

NV Cache Power ModeNV Cache Power ModeAnd Power PoliciesAnd Power Policies

Increased RuggednessIncreased RuggednessAnd ReliabilityAnd Reliability

RuggednessRuggednessWhen drive is spun down it is much more resilient to When drive is spun down it is much more resilient to damageThe resulting behavior of a hybrid hard disk is to write damageThe resulting behavior of a hybrid hard disk is to write less data with fewer seeks to the magnetic platter with a less data with fewer seeks to the magnetic platter with a reduced duty cycle and should increase the MTBF of the HDDreduced duty cycle and should increase the MTBF of the HDD

ReliabilityReliabilityLower operating temperature and key component use could Lower operating temperature and key component use could lead to significantly better mean time before failurelead to significantly better mean time before failure

Warranty and support savings could potentially cover Warranty and support savings could potentially cover some or all of the cost of NV Cache some or all of the cost of NV Cache

OEM Pinning For Faster OEM Pinning For Faster Application LaunchApplication Launch

Offsets within files and/or specific LBAs Offsets within files and/or specific LBAs can be specified by the PC OEM in can be specified by the PC OEM in registry for pinning in the NV Cacheregistry for pinning in the NV Cache

Consistently fast Windows HotStartConsistently fast Windows HotStartTMTM experiencesexperiences

Consistently fast application launchingConsistently fast application launching

Only supported when sufficient NVOnly supported when sufficient NVCache size is availableCache size is available

System Design for System Design for ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM

Only requirement is H-HDD enhanced for Only requirement is H-HDD enhanced for ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM

Optional: BIOS should exit POST rapidlyOptional: BIOS should exit POST rapidlyFast memory checkFast memory check

Fast Chipset initializationFast Chipset initialization

Fast Video initializationFast Video initialization

Initialize HDD early Initialize HDD early

Recommended Main memory – 1GBRecommended Main memory – 1GBMore main memory or Windows ReadyBoostMore main memory or Windows ReadyBoostTMTM device device will allow drive to stay spun-down longerwill allow drive to stay spun-down longer

H-HDD Considerations H-HDD Considerations NV Cache SizeNV Cache Size

50 MB minimum supported NV Cache size for Windows 50 MB minimum supported NV Cache size for Windows VistaVista

120-256 MB currently recommended as minimum to get 120-256 MB currently recommended as minimum to get significant performance and power savings benefitssignificant performance and power savings benefits

Greater than 100MB required for OEM pinned dataGreater than 100MB required for OEM pinned data

Boot, Resume,Power Savings

00 50 MB50 MB 100 MB100 MB 240 MB240 MB 1GB1GB 2GB2GB 4GB4GB 2048GB2048GB

MinMin MaxMax

OEM pinned data,or Superfetch pinned data

H-HDD ConsiderationsH-HDD ConsiderationsPerformancePerformance

Performance gains in Windows are nearly linearPerformance gains in Windows are nearly linearwith NV Cache performance gains!with NV Cache performance gains!

Minimum Read/Write IO throughputMinimum Read/Write IO throughput

> 4 MB/s> 4 MB/s 4 KB random reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache4 KB random reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache

> 4 MB/s> 4 MB/s 4 KB random writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache4 KB random writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache

> 8 MB/s> 8 MB/s 64 KB sequential writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache64 KB sequential writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache

> 16 MB/s> 16 MB/s 64 KB sequential reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache64 KB sequential reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache

< 1 ms< 1 ms Single 4 KB random read IO to NV CacheSingle 4 KB random read IO to NV Cache

< 1 ms< 1 ms Single 4 KB random write IO to NV CacheSingle 4 KB random write IO to NV Cache

Minimum Read/Write IO latencyMinimum Read/Write IO latency

ReadyDriveReadyDriveTMTM Futures Futures

Larger NV Cache sizes for the same costLarger NV Cache sizes for the same costEnables new scenariosEnables new scenarios

Faster NV Cache access and throughputFaster NV Cache access and throughputNAND Flash interface performance doubling NAND Flash interface performance doubling every yearevery year

Directly translates into Windows performanceDirectly translates into Windows performance

Additional form factorsAdditional form factors1.8”, 3.5”1.8”, 3.5”

WinHEC PartnersWinHEC Partners

Call To ActionCall To Action

Determine if H-HDD is appealing solution Determine if H-HDD is appealing solution for your productsfor your products

Contact HDD vendors for roadmaps, Contact HDD vendors for roadmaps, samples and product informationsamples and product information

Experiment with pinning your own Experiment with pinning your own applications using Windows Vista betasapplications using Windows Vista betas

ContactContactwith any questionswith any questions

MSHybrid @ microsoft.comMSHybrid @ microsoft.com

Questions?Questions?

Performance: What do users see?Performance: What do users see?

Slow state transitionsSlow state transitionsBoot, hibernate, resumeBoot, hibernate, resume

Increased disk access under memory Increased disk access under memory pressurepressure

Reduces performanceReduces performance

Program launch can be slowProgram launch can be slowCold memoryCold memoryCompeting I/OCompeting I/O

© 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions,

it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.