wind energy at the csir · 2018. 4. 14. · • further csir’s aerospace technology demonstrators...
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Wind Energy at the CSIR Presentation to the Turbo Machinery Techno
Group By Stefan Szewczuk
23 January 2013
Presentation based on:
• CSIR 4th Biennial Conference
• Wind Energy Industrial Strategy workshop
• Eastern Cape-European Union Renewable Energy Conference
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Research on Wind Energy
4th Biennial Conference
Presented by: Stefan Szewczuk
Date: 10 October 2012
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• Based on its aerospace capabilities, CSIR
demonstrated in 1986 on its Pretoria
campus that a worthwhile amount of energy
can be extracted from the wind in regions
with very low average wind speeds.
• Generated a maximum output of 2kW at
approx 8m/s
• Research recommended that three basic
models be developed for the moderate to
poor wind flow regimes in SA
CSIR’s low wind speed turbine
CSIR’s autogyro
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Large wind turbines
Howden’s 300 kW wind turbine
on Orkney Island, Scotland
• Further CSIR’s aerospace technology
demonstrators formed basis to
investigate wind turbines
• CSIR was offered Howdens 300 &
750 kW turbines on Orkney & Shetland
Islands.
• Undertook wind energy study tour to
UK
• Too expensive to transfer to SA
• Howdens offered CSIR blade IP based
on wood laminate technology. Offer
not taken up.
• IP & further developments now owned
by Vestas
• CSIR: exposure to large wind turbines
& underlying technologies
Ovid: composite man-
rated trainer airplane
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Eskom’s wind farm, Klipheuwel, Cape Town
• CSIR, then DME & City of Cape Town
undertook study on large grid connected
wind turbines – included a study tour to
Europe.
• Recommended that a demonstration
scheme be established near Cape Town
• CSIR developed concept to the point
where next step was implementation
• Eskom implemented scheme as a
research project to gain understanding in
developing & operating wind farms.
• CSIR did EIA for Klipheuwel wind energy
scheme
© CSIR 2012 Slide 5
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Darling wind farm
• CSIR invested funding for initial wind
measurements on 10 metre mast.
• Good quality data resulted in Danida
funding CSIR to do comprehensive wind measurements
• Initial investment resulted in CSIR participating in current Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA) project
© CSIR 2012 Slide 6
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Wind energy industrial strategy for South Africa
South African Wind Energy Programme (SAWEP) - two key strategic outputs aimed at
guiding wind energy development in SA:
• Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA) – First verified wind atlas launched by Deputy
Minister of Energy on 13 March 2012
• Investigation into a Wind Energy Industrial Strategy for SA - outputs of which will
help determine the possibility of establishing a wind industry in South Africa.
• CSIR & Risø DTU (now DTU Wind Energy) undertook this investigation:
Final report has 3 parts
Part 1: Global Wind-energy Market and Industry;
Part 2: South African Wind-energy Market and Industry; and
Part 3: Strategic analysis
• This presentation is based on Part 3: Strategic analysis with emphasis on RD&D
portion of strategy
© CSIR 2012 Slide 7
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© CSIR 2012 Slide 8
Turbine ex-works breakdown %’s confirmed by stakeholders
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Brief overview of international R&D strategies
• The International Energy Agency (IEA) published a global technology
roadmap for wind energy - primary tasks are:
Wind technology development
Delivery and systems integration
Policy frameworks
International collaboration
• European wind energy sector launched the European Wind Energy
Technology Platform (TPWind). The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) of
TPWind is divided into five thematic priorities for research:
Wind resources, design wind conditions and forecasting
Wind turbine technology
Wind energy integration
Offshore deployment and operation
European research infrastructures
© CSIR 2012 Slide 9
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Global Research & Development trends
• Mainly incremental technology advances to improve cost
effectiveness (except offshore floating)
• Key research areas
Large turbine development: improved reliability; better understanding of
aerodynamics; innovative concepts and integrated design; improved design
codes; improved gearbox design; gearless design; improved blade design;
mechanical structures and new materials
Offshore wind in shallow (bottom mounted) and in deep waters (floating
structures)
Power system operation and grid integration: wind power plant
capabilities (providing ancillary services, wind farm control); grid planning
and operation; energy and power management.
Wind farm optimisation
Wind conditions: complex terrain; offshore meteorology; wakes; extreme
wind speeds; wind profiles at high heights; short-term predictions
© CSIR 2012 Slide 10
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Innovation & preliminary wind energy technology tree
• South African Industry’s propensity to innovate is in the same league as their
counterparts in Europe. To state this differently, South African Industry has a
can-do attitude and mind-set
• Industry has experience in manufacturing components to exacting specifications,
integrating complex systems and this being done with efficient use of resources.
• Industry is very much aware of the need to be globally competitive by reducing
costs and maintaining, if not increasing, on quality.
• A preliminary macro-environment (big picture) analysis was done of the South
African innovation community
• A preliminary technology tree was developed and recommended that a South
African Wind Energy Technology Platform be established in support of a wind
energy industrial strategy
© CSIR 2012 Slide 11
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Preliminary technology tree
© CSIR 2012 Slide 12
Needs Innovative wind turbine system designs
Local manufacture of components Job creation Energy security
Key Solutions •Wind resource assessment and maps •Advanced designs for next generation wind turbines •Advanced materials selection and development •Advanced and cost effective manufacturing techniques
•High quality manufactured components •Certification and testing procedures •Advanced techniques for wind turbine/grid integration •Human capacity development
Platform South African Wind Energy Technology Platform
Applied technology
Life cycle evaluation and prediction
Component design and manufacturing
Wind farm design optimisation
Condition monitoring & fault prediction
Policy development & decision support
Base technology
•Constitutive equations •Materials characterisation •Aero-elasticity methodologies •Numerical failure identification methods •Non-destructive evaluation
•Database of new materials •New design standards •Power electronics •Manufacturing processes •Quality assurance
•Increased accuracy of wind resource database •Wind turbine emulation system •Extreme wind condition evaluation techniques •Complex terrain & offshore evaluation techniques
•Monitoring & evaluation •Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems •Smart grid technologies
•Data and information evaluation techniques
Infrastructure •Wind measurement equipment •Computational fluid dynamics •Finite element methods •Dedicated wind tunnels •Blade test facilities •Generator test facilities •Drive train test facilities
•Natural resource databases •Geographic Information Systems •Quantitative methods •Science and Engineering know-how •Supply chain linkages •Indigenous knowledge
Further details & table available on poster: “South Africa –
a new innovator and manufacturer of wind turbines?”
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Smart sustainable wind energy based systems to
complement South Africa’s electrification programme
© CSIR 2012 Slide 13
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Renewable Energy for Rural Electrification in E Cape
• 3 year multinational EU (Garrad Hassan of UK, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation) - CSIR investigative project
• Objective: identify rural electrification opportunities using renewable energies linked to existing & new economic activities
• Renewable energy resources investigated: wind, mini-hydro & biomass
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to present & interpret results
• Large part of project was wind resource assessment of the E Cape Province
• WAsP numerical model was used for wind resource assessment
• Output: identified implementable projects – emphasis on objective
technological evaluations
© CSIR 2012 Slide 14
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Modelling & Simulation Example using GIS
© CSIR 2012 Slide 15
Cost of wind generated electricity
Distribution grid with, as an example, 10kms
either side blanked off
Overlaying above two maps identify possible
areas where wind generated electricity may
be cheaper than grid extension
1st verified wind atlas – opportunity to develop an
accurate model
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Impact of Eastern Cape Project
• Obtained first hand understanding of complexity of poverty alleviation –
technical & non-technical (water-energy-food-employment nexus)
• Developed Integrated Energy/Economic Framework – framework for
sustainable socio-economic development for rural areas
• Identified renewable energy projects at Hluleka Nature Reserve &
Lucingweni village on Wild Coast
© CSIR 2012 Slide 16
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Hybrid mini-grids: Hluleka & Lucingweni
• With Cabinet endorsement, then Minister of Minerals & Energy mandated the
NER (now NERSA) to facilitate piloting hybrid mini-grids
• Experience & understanding gained to inform decision & policy makers
• NER contracted CSIR to develop implementation plan
• Implementation partner – Shell Renewables
• Integrated Energy/Economic Framework applied
• Mini-grids integrated with providing potable water
• Energy & water efficiency concepts applied
• CSIR: first-hand exposure to small wind turbines and integration of a range of
related technologies – action research
© CSIR 2012 Slide 17
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Hybrid mini-grid energy systems
© CSIR 2012 Slide 18
Hluleka Nature Reserve
Lucingweni village
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Impact of Eastern Cape project
Department of Science & Technology – mini-grids were used as a case study on
“Technology Transfer for Poverty Alleviation”
CSIR lessons learnt applied to
• updating Integrated Energy/Economic Methodology
• identifying shortcomings in then wind data resource map
• understanding the non-technical issues in sustainable projects
• deeper understanding on smart sustainable energy resulting in:
investigations into conversion of organic waste into energy (anaerobic
digestion)
project: “Modular form of Electrification in Rural Communities in South
Africa”
Global Research Alliance (GRA) initiative on “Smart Sustainable Energy for
the Rural Poor”
© CSIR 2012 Slide 19
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Modular form of electrification in rural communities
Project funded by the Royal Danish Embassy in Pretoria and carried out by:
• eThekwini (Durban) Municipality
• Risø DTU (Danish National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy)
• South African National Energy Research Institute (SANERI)
• CSIR
• University of the Witwatersrand
• North West University
Project aim:
Investigate the suitability of modular smart-grid approach for electrification of rural
communities, with particular emphasis on the needs of the eThekwini Municipality
© CSIR 2012 Slide 20
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Brief review of modular form of electrification
Recommendations for a demonstration project:
• Potential of modular approach confirmed and should be refined through further
modelling and simulation work.
• Establish a research facility so that technologies can be refined and evaluated in a
controlled environment prior to implementation in the field.
• Human capacity development
Strategic recommendations:
1. Develop a Roadmap for SA on Smart Grid Technologies
2. Develop a Renewable Energy Technology Integration Platform
3. In DTI’s Industrial Policy & Action Plan (IPAP), under green industries, localisation
strategies be developed to include smart grid/modular forms of electrification
4. Align outcomes of projects to support the National Development Plan and other
policies
© CSIR 2012 Slide 21
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GRA: Smart Sustainable Energy for the Rural Poor
Smart Sustainable Energy will deliver impact through three co-creative streams:
Social Innovation, Ecosystem Innovation, Technical Innovation:
• leading to solutions that will seamlessly integrate with the electrical grid.
Successful inclusive innovations for the Base-of-the-Pyramid (BoP) have to be :
• Affordable, Acceptable, Appropriate, Accessible.
At a functional level, amongst others, the GRA team has aligned with the Eastern Cape
Provincial Government and its Sustainable Energy Strategy, District Municipalities
A project design document has been developed for investors & stakeholders
Broad phases: modelling & simulation, real-world trialling of developed innovations,
development of modular solutions suitable for commercialisation and deployment
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Thank you
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Eastern Cape – European Union Renewable Energy Conference 28-30th November 2012 East London International Convention Centre
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• a collaboration of nine of the world’s leading applied-research agencies
• using the best science and technology
• working to solve some of the biggest challenges in the developing world
Who we are
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Nine countries, five continents
Who we are
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What we do
The GRA’s vision is for a world where the
application of innovative science and technology,
through collaboration and co-creation, delivers
access equality, improves lives and solves
global development challenges.
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Our mission
• mobilize the creative energy of our globally and culturally diverse researchers to address global development challenges through innovation
• share the breadth and depth of our science and technology resources and unite with local partners, communities, industry and collaborators
• generate and implement appropriate, affordable and sustainable solutions with positive and lasting impact
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Digital Energy
Water Food Security
Health
Our Focus – global research for global
good
Innovation Systems
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Inclusive Innovation – GRA approach
Inclusive Innovation is
– any innovation
– that leads to affordable access of quality goods
and services
– creating livelihood opportunities
– for the excluded population, primarily at the base
of the pyramid, and
– on a long term sustainable basis with a significant
outreach
Dr Ramesh Mashelkar - GRA President
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Inclusive Innovation access equality despite income inequality
Income Inequality 10,000:1
Access Equality 1:1
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Civil Society
NGOs
Social conditions
Communities
Social interests
Environmental conditions
Private Sector
Goods & Services
Investment
Productivity
Skills
Value & supply chain
Government
Infrastructure
Policy
Services
National Local
International donors
Knowledge Institutions
Technology
Solutions
Collaboration
Knowledge creation
Inclusive Innovation one cannot innovate alone
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GRA Project Green & Low-Cost Wireless Communication Network for Africa
Fraunhofer (Germany) - terrestrial wireless infrastructure to bring this satellite connectivity into the wide area
Fraunhofer (Portugal) - applications for targeted deployment
CSIR SA - wireless mesh concepts, in particular community mesh and wireless backhaul
CSIRO - efficient satellite-based infrastructure to reach rural areas
VTT – integration of network management
Macha Works - supporting local deployment, training staff, testing and evaluation
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GRA Member Projects - examples
SIRIM Eco-friendly artificial coral reefs: tourism, community, local industry
TNO Utilisation of waste streams in pineapple processing – Ghana
CSIRO African Food Security Initiative: sustainable agriculture, smallholder farmers, animal health
CSIR South Africa Value addition to plant product kenaf car component manufacture
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GRA Smart Sustainable
Energy Project
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The Leapfrog Effect
• Skipping the traditional
– Rural and excluded populations have an opportunity
to pursue innovative energy solutions that are not
built upon the ideas of last century.
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Learning to Leap
• We are approaching that goal but slowly
– China has approximately 60,000 minigrid schemes
– Nepal, India, Vietnam and Sri Lanka each have between 100
and 1,000 minigrids
– The World Bank has increased support for off-grid projects,
funding 31 projects between 1995 and 2008 (up from two prior to
1995)
– Still a reliance on diesel generators in many minigrid systems
– Challenges exist in finding optimal community fit
– Assessment of resource availability is difficult
– Maintenance issues are a concern
– Few holistic, robust and codified solutions exist
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Timing the Leap
• Now is the time to jump!
– Amazing international investment into Smart Grid
Technologies
– Falling renewable energy technology prices
– 2012 is the United Nation’s Year of Sustainable
Energy for All
– Institutional arrangements starting to be put in place
to drive the development of sustainable solutions
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Leap Higher
Our Goal is
• To create a smarter sustainable energy programme for the remote
and rural poor that:
– Delivers localised generation, storage and distribution systems
– Features energy efficiency and intelligent demand management
at the forefront
– Offers modularity, community-specificity and flexibility
– Enables rapid deployment
– Provides robustness
– Integrates contemporary smart-grid concepts
– Enables a sustainable, long-term and green solution to energy
access
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wind atlas
Storage
Bio
HydroSolar
print PV dye PV
chemicalbattery
biofuels
biomass
biogasWind
micro hydro
MINIGRIDS
Spin-in Innovation
Our Design Innovation Application
Regulatory Environment
Sustainable Development
Institutional Environment
Skills & Job Creation
Services & Enterprises
innovation research
knowledge
technical vocational
artisan
policy gov officials
business
healthwater
telecom services
agribusiness / food storage / mobile
charging / bakery ….
finance, funding
town planning
procurement
nationalprovincial
municipal
strategic planning,
policy
climate changelow carbon
green growthgreen economy
digital & energy access
environment
environmental impact
Project Design &Management
Social Innovation
Technical Innovation
multi-stakeholder analysis
gender
community engagement
co-creationownership
•SMARTlessons learned
SMART
simulation
fault detection
efficiency
Ecosystem Innovation
services
SUPPORTED
SUSTAINABLE
integration
skills
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Project Design & Management
Ecosystem Innovation SUSTAINABLE
Social Innovation
multi-stakeholder analysis
gender
community engagement
co-creation ownership
services
SUPPORTED
skills
Technical Innovation
lessons learned SMART
simulation
fault detection
efficiency
integration
Our Design
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Our Design – Innovation Environment
Regulatory Environment
Sustainable Development
Institutional Environment
Skills & Job Creation
Services & Enterprises
innovation research
knowledge
technical vocational
artisan
policy gov officials
business
health water
telecom services
agribusiness / food storage / mobile
charging / bakery ….
finance, funding
town planning
procurement
national provincial
municipal
strategic planning,
policy
climate change low carbon
green growth green economy
digital & energy access
environment
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Our Design – Spin-in Innovation
wind atlas
Storage
Bio
Hydro Solar
print PV dye PV
chemical battery
biofuels
biomass
biogas Wind
micro hydro
MINIGRIDS
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Our Team – why we will deliver
• The collaborative partnership between CSIRO, TNO, CSIR & UFH brings expertise in minigrids, smart grids, social sciences, real-world deployment, world-leading experimental facilities and an international network of research, government and industry partners
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Our Team – why we will deliver
CSIRO • Recently completed a three year Asia Pacific
Partnership with TERI (India) on smart minigrid technologies
• Renewable Energy Integration Facility (REIF), for the testing and analysis of energy systems in a minigrid environment
• Leading research into key smart-grid concepts, including:
– Optimal planning of small-scale power networks
– Automated demand-management and control
• Work programmes focussed on:
– Advanced solar and load forecasting methodologies
– Automated fault-detection and diagnosis
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Our Team – why we will deliver
CSIR
• Strategic Evaluations
– Industrialisation strategies
• Development of frameworks and real-world deployment of South African minigrids/smart grids
– implementation plans for Lucingweni and Hluleka minigrids
– eThekwini modular systems
• Decision Support Systems
– Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
– Renewable energy resource databases
– Modelling and Simulation
Lucingweni village
Hluleka Nature Reserve
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Our Team – why we will deliver
TNO
• Smart Energy Systems
– Multi-stakeholder business analysis
– Market integration and business modeling
– Fulfillment, Assurance, Billing
• Supply & Demand Management
– PowerMatcher
– Real-time and predictive Supply Demand Management
• Self-Healing Networks and Microgrids
– Grid integration of renewable energy generators
• Applied technology research in Aruba that will expand renewable energy share to 40%
• Innovation for Development group
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Our Team – why we will deliver
University of Fort Hare
• Biomass Energy
– Installation and performance monitoring of biomass gasifiers and biogas digesters in rural areas including a150kVA biomass gasifier system at Melani village
• Energy Efficiency
– measurement and verification of the electrical demand in both industry and the residential sector
– installation and performance monitoring of various heat pump technologies
• Solar Energy
– photovoltaics cells and modules
– solar passive housing design
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Our Alignment – why we will deliver
• Important to the Project is alignment with, and support of The Eastern Cape Sustainable Energy Strategy
Universal access to electricity – sustainable off grid renewable energy hubs
Enabling environment – a quarterly sustainable energy Forum for interaction between stakeholders
Innovation and R&D – areas of research benefiting sustainable energy industry for province
Skills development – development of local innovations and inventions
Project Design &Management
Social Innovation
Technical Innovation
multi-stakeholder analysis
gender
community engagement
co-creationownership
•SMARTlessons learned
SMART
simulation
fault detection
efficiency
Ecosystem Innovation
services
SUPPORTED
SUSTAINABLE
integration
skills
Project Design &Management
Social Innovation
Technical Innovation
multi-stakeholder analysis
gender
community engagement
co-creationownership
•SMARTlessons learned
SMART
simulation
fault detection
efficiency
Ecosystem Innovation
services
SUPPORTED
SUSTAINABLE
integration
skills
Project Design &Management
Social Innovation
Technical Innovation
multi-stakeholder analysis
gender
community engagement
co-creationownership
•SMARTlessons learned
SMART
simulation
fault detection
efficiency
Ecosystem Innovation
services
SUPPORTED
SUSTAINABLE
integration
skills
Innovation Application
Regulatory Environment
Sustainable Development
Institutional Environment
Skills & Job Creation
Services & Enterprises
innovation research
knowledge
technical vocational
artisan
policy gov officials
business
healthwater
telecom services
agribusiness / food storage / mobile
charging / bakery ….
finance, funding
town planning
procurement
nationalprovincial
municipal
strategic planning,
policy
climate changelow carbon
green growthgreen economy
digital & energy access
environment
environmental impact
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INTEGRATED ENERGY ECONOMIC METHODOLOGY New, Alternative
& Emerging Energy Technologies
Conventional Energy
Total Energy Supply
Total Energy Demand
Costs Revenue
Cost benefit analysis Life cycle analysis
Energy efficiency
Existing economic activities
New economic activities
Localisation
Natural resources - arable land - tourism potential - forestry potential Industry - innovation
Enterprise creation
Sociological (Cultural) Facilitation Governance facilitation
Capacity development
Intervention measures Other Conditions •Policy •Manufacturing •Sanitation legislation Roads Markets Water Telecomms. etc
Environmental externalities CDM CPF
CLIMATE CHANGE After S SZEWCZUK
Our Approach – building on lessons learned
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Our Approach – building on lessons learned
Rural Energy & Economic Development (REED)
SEEMSimulation & modelling to study effect of different development strategies in a community
GASPDevelop supply chain linkages between rural enterprises and multinationals where natural/renewable resources are value-added
E3Supply & demand side technologies & manufacturing processes that ensure efficient use of energy & resources
REALValidation process in community where intervention measures can be followed over time, monitored, evaluated, documented & fed back
Model flowchart Example of a model in GIS
Modular Energy Unit
440 V ring
(cable)
Load
L1
L2
L3
L4L5
L7
M&C
Generation
Wind PV Diesel
PV
PV PV
Wind
Wind
Wind&
Storage
WATER
BIOGAS
FOOD PROCESSING
SOLAR ENERGY
ELECTRICITY
VILLAGE MANAGEMENT
HOUSEHOLDS
APPLIANCES SANITATION
COMPOST
PRODUCTION
AQUACULTURE
ANIMAL
?
PIG
FARMING
CHICKEN
FARMING
HUSBANDRY
TOMATOES
AGRICULTURE
WHEAT
?
GOODS
SOLIDS
GAS
WASTE
FISHMEAL
FISH FRUIT /VEG
WOOD
FOOD
WASTE
COMPOST
?
?
WASTE
SARED:
South African
Renewable Energy
Database
HomerGIS:
CSIR/DME/Eskom off-
grid electrification
planning tool
Kenaf,
example of
indigenous
fibrous plant
for various
applications
Potential for pine in
E Cape
Natural composite
materials blades
Sociological facilitation
Example: planting citrus for local market
Engagement with community
Organic waste
to energy
Seamlessly integrated systemsModular energy systems
Rural Energy & Economic Development Framework
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wind atlas
Storage
Bio
HydroSolar
print PV dye PV
chemicalbattery
biofuels
biomass
biogasWind
micro hydro
MINIGRIDS
Spin-in Innovation
Our Approach – taking it forward Innovation Application
Regulatory Environment
Sustainable Development
Institutional Environment
Skills & Job Creation
Services & Enterprises
innovation research
knowledge
technical vocational
artisan
policy gov officials
business
healthwater
telecom services
agribusiness / food storage / mobile
charging / bakery ….
finance, funding
town planning
procurement
nationalprovincial
municipal
strategic planning,
policy
climate changelow carbon
green growthgreen economy
digital & energy access
environment
environmental impact
Project Design &Management
Social Innovation
Technical Innovation
multi-stakeholder analysis
gender
community engagement
co-creationownership
•SMARTlessons learned
SMART
simulation
fault detection
efficiency
Ecosystem Innovation
services
SUPPORTED
SUSTAINABLE
integration
skills
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Our Approach – how we will deliver
Phase
0
Phase
1
Phase
2
Phase
3
Project Scoping & Innovation Engagement Process – identify and engage stakeholders, create partnerships, community engagement
Modelling & Simulation – review of energy requirements, scenarios aligning needs and technology, model and simulate performance of systems, optimise solutions
Real-world trialling of developed innovations – work with selected community to trial real world demonstration of the technologies, engagement and business models
Modular Solutions & large scale deployment – use lessons from Phase 2 to refine devices; expand trials to include multiple communities, determine commercialisation
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Leap for Impact
• collaboration & partnerships in innovation
• localisation & job creation
• human capacity building
• support EC Sustainable Energy Strategy
• green economy
• improved livelihoods
© DFID
GRA Smart Sustainable Energy Project:
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Thank you Contact: Stephanie von Gavel The Global Research Alliance www.theglobalresearchalliance.org [email protected]
Steve Szewczuk CSIR www.csir.co.za [email protected]