windows pc accelerators
DESCRIPTION
Windows PC Accelerators. Reporter : 吳柏良. Outline. Introduction Windows SuperFetch Windows ReadyBoost Windows ReadyDrive Conclusion. Introduction. Windows PC Accelerators are the mechanism used in Windows Vista to improve performance especially on I/O response time. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Slide 1
Windows PC Accelerators
Reporter:吳柏良
Slide 2
Outline
Introduction Windows SuperFetch Windows ReadyBoost Windows ReadyDrive Conclusion
Slide 3
Introduction
Windows PC Accelerators are the mechanism used in Windows Vista to improve performance especially on I/O response time.
Ensuring Memory is well Utilized SuperFetch : an memory manager that analyzes usage p
attern over time to optimize memory content Avoiding the Disk Bottleneck
ReadyBoost Expanded Memory Devices : support the use of flash storage devices to boost PC performance
ReadyDrive Hybrid Hard Drive : support the use of hybrid hard drives (H-HDDs)
Slide 4
Poor Memory Contents
Typical Memory Pressure Scenario1. Memory is populated with pages for Application A
2. Application B is loaded, pushing App A’s pages out
3. User switches back to Application A
4. Application A reloads pages as needed through Pagefaults, pushing out Application B’s pages
5. Repeat cycle…
Slide 5
Disk Seek Time Problem
Drive Industry Continues to Deliver Impressive Data Rate, Rotation and Interface Speed Improvements
ATA/33 ATA/66 ATA/100 SATA 4200RPM 5400RPM 7200RPM 10000RPM 2 MB 8 MB 16 MB Result : Sequential IO rates of 80 MB/s+
At that rate, 1 GB of RAM fully populated in ~12.8sec Seek Times Improving, but not as Significantly
3.5” Desktop drive avg seek ~10 mSec 2.5” Mobile drives ~12.5 mSec Much better when hitting the track buffer… Result : Random IO rate limited to an effective 1MB/sec
At that rate, populating 1GB of RAM takes ~1024sec!
Slide 6
Disk Seek Time Problem
50% of MobileMark 2005 I/Os are 4 KB and Random
Files and Structured Files A single DLL is generally 5 to 6 Disk Locations (min)
Directory, MFT Entry, and other File System Metadata Programs like Internet Explorer, Adobe Reader, or
Outlook use over 100 DLLs Logging, Transactions, Application Temp Files
A simple Registry Write can require 5 to 6 Random and
Ordered Disk Writes
Slide 7
Outline
Introduction Windows SuperFetch Windows ReadyBoost Windows ReadyDrive Conclusion
Slide 8
Windows SuperFetch
SuperFetch analyzes memory usage patterns to determine the optimal memory content.
SuperFetch uses a lightweight, sophisticated tracking algorithm to determine which pages a user uses most frequently.
When the PC has free physical memory, SuperFetch places candidate pages into memory to make the PC more responsive.
SuperFetch manages both RAM and cache memory.
Slide 9
Outline
Introduction Windows SuperFetch Windows ReadyBoost Windows ReadyDrive Conclusion
Slide 10
Windows ReadyBoost
ReadyBoost supports the use of nonvolatile flash storage devices to boost system performance.
Allows fast reads to satisfy page faults when page is not in main memory and significantly outperforms disk in random reads by avoiding the rotational and seek latencies.
Slide 11
Windows ReadyBoost
Write-through cache allows user to remove device at any time
Secure Data is encrypted using AES 128bit crypto
Efficient Data is compressed by a factor of 1.8X to 2.3X
Slide 12
Windows ReadyBoost
Using a simulated workload on a PC running Windows Vista
ReadyBoost Capacity
Time to complete workload (s)
Percent Improvement
0 MB 42.25 --
512 MB 27.12 36.12
1024 MB 25.21 40.61
2048 MB 24.72 41.78
Slide 13
Implement Consideratins
Flash Performance 5 MB/s for random 4K reads 3 MB/s for random 512K writes
Flash Capacity 3:1 ratio of ReadyBoost cache size to main memory size w
ill realize optimal performance. Flash Wear
Unique write gathering algorithm optimizes performance and wear patterns
Projected life of devices 19.4 – 1823 years depending on device size, variant, and usage patterns
Slide 14
Outline
Introduction Windows SuperFetch Windows ReadyBoost Windows ReadyDrive Conclusion
Slide 15
Windows ReadyDrive
Up to 90% Power Saving when
powered down
Read and Write instantly while
spindle stopped
Read instantly even while spindle spinning for higher
IO rate
ATA ATA InterfaceInterface
Disk comes ready in less than 1
second
NVCache
DRAMCache
Slide 16
Hybrid Hard Disk Boot And Resume
During shutdown or hibernate all the disk sectors needed to boot or resume are pinned into the NV cache
On next power on the BIOS POST runs and the disk is powered on but the spindle won’t be ready for 2-4 seconds
BIOS can read data from the NV cache and all boot process IO can be read from the NV Cache
Once the rotating media is ready IO can be satisfied by both NV Cache and rotating media for optimized read performance
2.5” HDD2.5” HDD
Hard DiskController
NV Cache
MotherboardMotherboard
DRAM
ATAController
Windows Vista OS
Slide 17
ReadyDrive System Startup
Hybrid HDD comes ready faster and fast BIOS POST reads from disk earlier
LBAs needed to start boot process are read fromNV Cache before the magnetic spindle is ready
No seek times for data in NV Cache for the remainder of startup
BIOS andDisk spin-up Read disk
Read NV Cache
Std HDD
Hybrid HDD Read disk and NV Cache
timetime
Slide 18
Power Saving Mode
SuperFetch buffers disk data in system DRAM to fulfill reads
Write IOs buffered in NV cache while disk is spun down
Disk spins up only when Read cache miss NV cache full
The disk spins-down and continues to use the NV cache
2.5” HDD
Hard DiskController
NV Cache
Motherboard
DRAM
ATA Controller
Windows Vista OS
Slide 19
Windows ReadyDrive
ReadyDrive is a hard disk drive with integrated nonvolatile flash memory that acts as a high-performance cache for writes and low-latency reads.
Performance Faster boot and Resume from Hibernate Faster and more consistent application launch Reduced disk contention
Saves battery power Increased system ruggedness and reliability
Slide 20
Windows ReadyDrive
Slide 21
Windows ReadyDrive Performance
Slide 22
Windows ReadyDrive Power Consumption
Slide 23
Implementatin Consideratins
ATA Command Set Control what data is pinned for retention in the NV cache Control the drive power mode
NV Cache Size The NV cache size as large as 256 MB to 1 GB would be
more effective. NV Cache Performance
> 4 MB/s 4 KB random reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache
> 4 MB/s 4 KB random writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache
> 8 MB/s 64 KB sequential writes to a file pinned in the NV Cache
> 16 MB/s 64 KB sequential reads to a file pinned in the NV Cache
Slide 24
Conclusion
Microsoft introduces three mechanisms to improve system performance.
SuperFetch: an memory manager that analyzes usage pattern over time to optimize memory content
ReadyDrive: support the use of flash storage devices to boost PC performance
ReadyBoost: support the use of hybrid hard drives (H-HDDs)
Slide 25
Reference
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/sysperf/perfaccel.mspx
http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/b/9/5b97017b-e28a-4bae-ba48-174cf47d23cd/STO008_WH06.ppt
http://download.microsoft.com/download/5/b/9/5b97017b-e28a-4bae-ba48-174cf47d23cd/CPA131_WH06.ppt
Slide 26
Thank You!