windows server 2003 硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列
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Windows Server 2003 硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列. 林寶森 [email protected]. What Is Disk Management?. A snap-in located in Computer Management Use to view disk information and perform disk management tasks on local and remote computers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Windows Server 2003硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列
What Is Disk Management?• A snap-in located in Computer Management • Use to view disk information and perform disk
management tasks on local and remote computers• Enables you to perform most disk-related tasks without
shutting down the system or interrupting users
Using Disk Managementcompmgmt - [Computer Management (Local)\Storage\Disk Management]
Action View
Volume (C:)
LayoutPartition
TypeBasic
Computer Management (Local)System ToolsStorage
Removable StorageDisk DefragmenterLogical Drives Disk Management
Server Applications and ServicesDisk Management
Disk 0Basic3.02 GBOnline
(C:)1.37 GB NTFSHealthy (System)
RefreshRescan DisksRestore Basic Disk Configuration…
NewAll TasksViewHelp
OpenExplore
Change Drive Letter and Path…Format…
Delete Partition…
Properties
Help
Mark Partition ActiveMark Partition Active
Upgrade to Dynamic Disk…
Properties
Help
Select disk
Select disk
Select partition or
volume
Select partition or
volume
Organizing a Basic Disk
H:H:G:G:F:F:
E:E:
D:D:
C:C:
F:F:
E:E:
D:D:
C:C:
-OR--OR--OR--OR-
Primarypartitions
Up to four primary partitions
Up to three primary partitions and one extended partition
with logical drives
Extendedpartition withlogical drives
Creating Partitions and DrivesCreating a partitionCreating a partition
Creating a logical driveCreating a logical drive
Assigning Drive Letters
Disk 0
Disk 1
Disk 2
Disk 3
C:I:
C:I:
F:F:
G:G:
H:H:
D:D:
E:E:
Assigned
Primary
Primary
Primary
Logical
Changing a Drive Letter
What Is a Mounted Drive?
• Is assigned a path rather than a drive letter • Can unify different file systems on a logical drive• Allows you to add more drives without using up
drive letters
Creating a Mount Point
Before adding a mount pointBefore adding a mount point
After adding a mount pointAfter adding a mount point
Purpose of a Mounted Drive
• Adds volumes to systems without adding separate drive letters for each new volume– Disk Management assigns a drive path to the drive
rather than a drive letter– Drive paths retain their association to the drive – Add or rearrange storage devices without the drive path
failing
• Increases number of drives, not storage space• Manages data storage based on working
environment and system usage
Deleting a Partition
Disk Storage Types
Simple volume
Basic StorageBasic Storage
Extendedpartition withlogical drivesH:H:
G:G:F:F:
E:E:
D:D:
C:C:
F:F:
E:E:
D:D:
C:C:
-or--or--or--or-
Primarypartitions
Dynamic StorageDynamic Storage
Spanned volume
Mirrored volume
RAID-5 volume
Striped volume
Basic Disks vs. Dynamic Disks
Disk Benefits
Basic disks
Use to create segregated space to organize data
Can be divided into up to 4 primary partitions, or up to 3 primary partitions and one extended partition
Dynamic disks
Use to create volumes that span multiple disks
No limit on the number of volumes per disk
Use to create fault-tolerant disks that ensure data integrity when hardware failures occur
Converting a Basic Disk to a Dynamic Disk
Disk ManagementDisk Management
DiskPartDiskPart
Results of Dynamic Disk Conversion
• Can convert a disk from basic to dynamic storage at any time without losing data
• Dynamic disks are associated with Disk Groups– Disk Groups help you organize dynamic disks– Each disk in a Disk Group stores replicas of the same
configuration data– Windows initializes the disk with a Disk Group identity and a copy
of the current Disk Group configuration
• Existing partitions on the basic disk become volumes • Dynamic disks can be reverted back to basic disks
– Disk structure and data is not maintained– Back up data before reverting
Creating a Volume
• A simple volume resides on a single dynamic disk
• To create a spanned or striped volume, you must have two or more dynamic disks
Creating Simple Volumes
Simple Volumes: • Contain Space on a Single Disk• Can Use NTFS, FAT, or FAT32• Can be created only on dynamic disks• Are Created with the Create Volume Wizard• Can Be Extended if Formatted as NTFS• Can Be Mirrored
Extending a Volume
• Created by extending onto unallocated space on the same disk or a different disk
• You cannot extend a volume that contains a system or boot volume
Creating Spanned Volumes
3994 MBUnallocated
New Volume (G)100 MB NTFSHealthy
Disk 1Dynamic4094 MBOnline
3994 MBUnallocated
New Volume (G)100 MB NTFSHealthy
Disk 2Dynamic4094 MBOnline
EmptyEmpty
Free space combined into one logical volumeFree space combined into one logical volume
Data written to first disk until full, then to next disk in volume
Data written to first disk until full, then to next disk in volume
EmptyData
RAID Systems
• Hardware Disk Array Supports– RAID 0 + 1– RAID 1 + 5
RAID 0RAID 0
RAID 1RAID 1
RAID 2RAID 2
RAID 3RAID 3
RAID 4RAID 4
Disk stripingDisk striping
Disk mirroringDisk mirroring
Disk striping with error-correction code (ECC)Disk striping with error-correction code (ECC)
Disk striping with ECC stored as parityDisk striping with ECC stored as parity
Disk striping large blocks; parity stored on one driveDisk striping large blocks; parity stored on one drive
RAID 5RAID 5 Disk striping with parity distributed across multiple drivesDisk striping with parity distributed across multiple drives
= Software Implementations of RAID Supported by Windows Server 2003
Creating Striped Volumes
3994 MBUnallocated
New Volume (G)100 MB NTFSHealthy
Disk 1Dynamic4094 MBOnline
3994 MBUnallocated
New Volume (G)100 MB NTFSHealthy
Disk 2Dynamic4094 MBOnline
64 KB64 KB64 KB
Free space combined into one logical volumeFree space combined into one logical volume
Data written across all disks in 64-KB unitsData written across all disks in 64-KB units
How Striped Volume WorksDisk 3Disk 1 Disk 2
RAID 1: Mirrored Volume
C:
D:D:
E:
Disk 0 Disk 1
Fault ToleranceDriver
Ftdisk.sys
F:
D :D :
G:
´́
Raid 5: Stripe Sets with Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Disk 3 Disk 4 Disk 5Disk 1 Disk 2
Parity InformationParityParity
Raid 1 vs. Raid 5
Mirrored VolumeMirrored VolumeMirrored VolumeMirrored Volume RAID-5 VolumeRAID-5 VolumeRAID-5 VolumeRAID-5 Volume
Supports FAT and NTFS Supports FAT and NTFS
Can mirror system or boot partition Can mirror system or boot partition
Requires two hard disks Requires two hard disks
Has higher cost per megabyte(50 percent utilization)
Has higher cost per megabyte(50 percent utilization)
Has good read and write performance Has good read and write performance
Uses less system memory Uses less system memory
Supports FAT and NTFS Supports FAT and NTFS
Cannot stripe system or boot partition Cannot stripe system or boot partition
Requires minimum of three hard disks Requires minimum of three hard disks
Has lower cost per megabyte Has lower cost per megabyte
Has moderate write performance Has excellent read performance
Has moderate write performance Has excellent read performance
Requires more system memory Requires more system memory
Supports up to 32 hard disks Supports up to 32 hard disks
Recovering a Failed Mirrored Volume
When Reactivate Disk fails to recover the mirrored volume, replace the failed disk
and reestablish themirrored volume
Recover a disk identified as Offline, Missing, or
Online (Errors)
Disk 1 Disk 2
D:D: D':D':
Reactivate Disk
D:D: D':D':
Add Mirror
Disk 1Disk 2 Disk 2
Remove Mirror
Creating a Fault Tolerance Boot Disk
Test the boot disk Test the boot disk
Modify Boot.ini Modify Boot.ini
Copy the necessary files Copy the necessary files
Format a disk using Windows Server Format a disk using Windows Server1111
2222
3333
4444
BootBootDiskDisk
BootBootDiskDisk
Boot.ini
BootBootDiskDisk
Understanding ARC Paths
No BIOS
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(2)multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(2)
multi(0)
rdisk(0) rdisk(1) disk(0)
partition(1)
partition(2)
partition(1)
partition(2)
partition(1)
scsi(0)
Recovering a Failed RAID-5 Volume
When Reactivate Disk fails to recover the RAID-5 volume, replace the failed disk and regenerate the RAID-5 volume
Recover a disk identified as Offline, Missing, or
Online (Errors)
Parity
Parity
Disk 1 Disk 2
Parity
Parity
Disk 3
Parity
Parity
Reactivate Disk
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Parity
Regenerate Volume on New DiskReplace Failed Disk
Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3
Managing Volumes on Disks
• Deleting Spanned Volume and Striped Volume– Deleting a spanned volume or striped volume
deletes all of the data that the volume contains– You can delete entire volume only
• Repairing and Deleting RAID-5 Volume– Repairing a RAID-5 volume requires additional disk
with sufficient free space– Deleting a RAID-5 volume deletes all data that the
volume contains– You can delete entire RAID-5 volume only
Adding Disks• Adding a New Disk
• Adding Disks from Other Computers
• Failed: Incomplete Volume and Failed Redundancy Mean Disk is Missing from Volume
RefreshRescan DisksRestore Basic Disk Configuration…
NewAll TasksViewHelp
Disk 0Basic1908 MBOnline
CDRom 0
CDRom
No Media
Import Foreign Disk
What Is a Foreign Disk?• A dynamic disk when moved to a local computer
from another computer running:– Windows 2000 Professional and Server family– Windows XP Professional– Windows Server 2003 family
• A disk moved within the same system, in some cases
• A disk moved from a disk group to another computer that contains its own disk group can be displayed as a foreign disk
Moving Dynamic Disks
• When moving a dynamic disk, select import foreign disk to update the dynamic database on the newly added disk
• When moving multi-disk volumes, move all disks in the volume at the same time
Moving a diskMoving a diskMoving a diskMoving a disk