Wine TransportationBy Chip Curtis

First the Earth cool, then the Dinosaurs came

Douglas (2008)

And then the Romans came

Early Romans Times

Clay Amphorae

Late Roman Times

Barrels

Middle Ages

Introduction of Bottles and jugs

Picture from

(Wikipedia, 2010)

Modern Shipping

Shipping by the Case

12 Bottles

Shipping by the Container

By the case

By the Bladder

Shipping by the tank

25,000 L

Shipping by the tanker truck

≅ 24,000 L

Shipping by train

Tank or container

Picture from

(Pregler, 2008)

On Land Shipping

Truck & Trailer

Limited by weight restrictions

Expensive due to fuel cost

Holds 1,235 cases

(Intardonato, 2008)

Truck & Tanker

Again weight restriction

Tanker can hold approx 24,000 L

But tankers with smaller compartments available

(Pregler, 2008)

Rails

Cost effective shipping

Weight versus fuel cost

One box car = 3½ 4 truck

4,300 5,000 cases

Insulated boxcars are available for temperature control

One ton (US) of weight moves 436 miles on 1 gallon of fuel

(Intardonato, 2008)

By ShipBulk

Flexi-tank

Large plastic bag within a container

25,000 L

(TransOcean, n.d.)

Air tight

Great improvement from early inception

(Hartley, 2008)

ISO-tank

Large stainless steel tank

26,000 L

Re-usable, but needs to be cleaned

(Hartley, 2008)

Larger tanks may have problems on roads

By Ship Bottle

Container size

20 ft

Holds 17,336 bottles

145 cases

40 ft

Holds 23,000 bottle

1,917 cases

Less due to weight restriction on roads

(Hartley, 2008)

Problem’s of Shipping due to Temperature

Fluctuations Physical

Sediment

Cloudiness

Hazy wines

Browning

Leaking closures

Raised corks

Broken bottles

Reduced Shelf life

(Meyer, 2003)

Chemical

High VA

Re-fermentation, with rs

Oxygen uptake

Reduce free SO2 Levels

Tartrate stability

Premature aging characteristics

Changes in the total acidity

Acetate rapidly hydrolyzed

Decrease of terpene alcohols

Reduction of esters of volatile acids

(Meyer, 2003)

Problems Continued

Flavor degradation

A baked flavor develops

Oxidized

Lack of CO2, for bubbles.

Lack of fruit flavors

Decrease of intensity for young wines

Premature aged characteristics

Decreased in overall wine quality

Slight changes to give false interpretation of the quality and nature of the wine (Meyer, 2003)

Time when temperature is a

factor Hot

Summer months

High Temperature climates

Long wait times on docks

Travel through tropical climates

Spikes were seen in daily temperatures too

(Winter, 2002)

Cold

Winter months

Arctic Climates

Long waits on docks

Wine will freeze, or come close to, in cold climate

Heaters in back of trucks can have non-consistent temperatures

Overcoming Temperature problems Temperature Controlled Container (TCC)

Refrigerate and insulated containers (Refrigerated Containers (Reefers), n.d.)

The most expensive but most effective (Meyer, 2003)

Will still have temperature spikes, due to road and staging times

(Winter, 2002)

Porthole Containers

Insulated containers, with no refrigeration unit (Refrigerated Containers (Reefers), n.d.)

Insulation blankets

Can go in standard containers

Blankets

Cargo quilts

A couple if inches thick of material

Some problems

Heavy

Bulky

Take up warehouse space

Initial cost similar to refrigerated container

Difficult to reuse

(Winter, 2002)

Space Blankets

Light weight material

Easy to reuse

Less problem with storage

Compared both

Found equally good at holding constant temperature

Good for both hot and cold climates

(Winter, 2002)

Future of Bulk Shipping

Wineries should have a network of mean booking shipping means

Not by consignment

Look at limiting Greenhouse Gasses

By shipping more in bulk and having more bottling operation going world wide

Look into other means of temperature control for both hot and cold

Especially when on downtime (Dunstall, Higgins, Sciberras, CSIRO, & Sinclair-Knight-Merz,

2008)

Then the dinosaurs but got all big and

fat, so they all died, and then they turned into oil. And then the

Arabs came.

Douglas(2008)

Work Cited Douglas, D. (2008, June 12) Useless Movies Quotes: Airplane II: The Sequel. Retrieved August 15, 2010

from Useless Movies Quotes: Airplane II: The Sequel: http://www.uselessmoviequotes.com/umq_a004.htm

Dunstall, S., Higgins, A., Sciberras, P., CSIRO, & Sinclair-Knight-Merz. (2008). Innovation Opportunities in Bulk Wine Transport. Victoria: CSIRO.

Hartley, A. (2008). Bulk Shipping of Wine and its Implications for Product Quality. Banbury: Wrap.

Intardonato, J. (2008, September 15). Shipping More Wine on Less Diesel. Retrieved July 28, 2010 from Wine Business Monthly: http://www.winebusiness.com/wbm/?go=getArticle&dataId=59235

Johnson, H. (2005). The Story of Wine (Special Edition ed.). London: Octopus Publish Group Ltd.

Meyer, D. (2003, May 17). A Study of the Impact of Shipping/Transportation Conditions and Practices on Wine. Retrieved July 28, 2010 from Wine Business Monthly: http://www.winebusiness.com/wbm/?go=getArticle&dataId=24769

Pregler, B. (2008, May 15). Bulk Wine Transportation in the U.S. Retrieved July 28, 2010 from Wine Business Monthly: http://www.winebusiness.com/wbm/?go=getArticle&dataId=56235

Refrigerated Containers (Reefers). (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2010, from Refrigerated Containers (Reefers): http://www.shipping-container-housing.com/refrigerated-containers.html

TransOcean. (n.d.). VinBulk. TransOcean.

Wikipedia. (2010, August 4). Ancient Rome and Wine. Retrieved August 15, 2010 from Ancient Rome and Wine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopeda: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome_and_wine

Winter, M. (2002, March 03). When Shipping Wine, Weather is Not Always Your Friend. Retrieved July 28, 2010 from Wine Business Monthly: http://www.winebusiness.com/wbm/?go=getArticle&dataId=15472