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Page 1: Wings, Beaks, Legs, Tails and Feet Document your bird ... Weekly Week 22.pdf · Many birds use their beaks to rip and tear at their food. 7KH GHVLJQ RI D ELUG·V IHHW FDQ EH YHU\

Name ______________________________________ WEEK 22 Competition

andAdaptation

Vol. 8 Issue 4Fourth Quarter SN4-4

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Wings, Beaks, Legs, Tails and Feet

Alex the Talking Parrot$OH[�ZDV�SUHWW\�VPDUW��DOO�WKLQJV�FRQVLGHUHG��

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$OH[�ZDV�D����\HDU�ROG�$IULFDQ�*UH\�3DUURW�ZKR�OLYHG�DW�+DUYDUG�8QLYHUVLW\�ZLWK�KLV�FROOHDJXH��'U��,UHQH�3HSSHUEHUJ��'U��3HSSHUEHUJ�VWXGLHG�$OH[·V�DELOLW\�WR�OHDUQ�DQG�FRPPXQLFDWH��&RXOG�$OH[�WDNH�D�WHVW�IRU�\RX�DW�\RXU�VFKRRO"�+H�SUREDEO\�FRXOGQ·W��+H�ZDV�RQH�VPDUW�ELUG��EXW�HPRWLRQDOO\�

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Hybrids A hybrid is the offspring of two different species.

Most species cannot have offspring with other species. A hybrid is sterile, which means it cannot have offspring. For a species to survive, it has to be able to reproduce.

Hybrids, like certain mice, can have more health problems than their parents. A mule is another hybrid. It is the cross between a horse and a donkey, and it cannot reproduce. Mules have attributes from both useful horses DQG�JRRG��VWXUG\�GRQNH\V��6LQFH�PXOHV�FDQ·W�UHSURGXFH��WKHUH�DUHQ·W�DV�PDQ\�RI�WKHP�DURXQG�

The red wolf is also a hybrid. It is a cross between a wolf and a dog. An interesting story about the red wolf is that people once considered it an endangered species. But DV�D�K\EULG��LW�GLGQ·W�KDYH�PXFK�FKRLFH�LQ�WKH�PDWWHU�RI�having offspring.

Document your bird species:

Name of Bird: Ornithologist-Artist:Habitat:

Food:

How it Looks (Physical Adaptations or Characteristics)Beak (bill):

Feet:

Legs:

Wings:

Tail:

Colors:

How it Acts (Behavioral Adaptations or Characteristics)

Draw your bird species here:

,I�\RX·G�OLNH�WR�PDNH�DQ\�HGLWRULDO�FRPPHQWV�about our paper, please write to us at

[email protected].

Avian Designer: Build the Bird of Your DreamsUse the information you have learned from your

investigations to design a new species of bird. (You may have to do some more research.) Draw a sketch of your bird below. Name its species. Identify and describe its natural habitat and food. Explain how each physical adaptation (how its body looks and works) will help your

species survive. Add behavioral adaptations (the way your bird acts) to complete your report.

:RXOGQ·W�LW�EH�IXQ�WR�PDNH�D�FOD\�RU�SDSLHU�PDFKp�model of your bird? Maybe your art teacher would like to have you do this. You can display your models with your data sheets.

Alex the Talking Parrot

Page 2: Wings, Beaks, Legs, Tails and Feet Document your bird ... Weekly Week 22.pdf · Many birds use their beaks to rip and tear at their food. 7KH GHVLJQ RI D ELUG·V IHHW FDQ EH YHU\

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How do birds know how to get back home DIWHU�Á�\LQJ�VRXWK"

For years and years, scientists have studied how birds seem to know how to head south for the winter and then return in the spring to the exact place they left. +XPDQV�KDYH�ZRQGHUHG�KRZ�KRPLQJ�SLJHRQV�FRXOG�À�QG�WKHLU�ZD\�KRPH�ZKHQ�UHOHDVHG�KXQGUHGV�RI�PLOHV�DZD\��:H·YH�GLVFRYHUHG�that many birds (like pigeons) are somehow aware of the north DQG�VRXWK�PDJQHWLF�À�HOGV�RI�WKH�(DUWK��6R��HYHQ�DW�QLJKW��ZKHQ�WKH\�FDQ·W�VHH�WKH�ODQG��WKH\�NQRZ�ZKHUH�WR�JR�

%XW��NQRZLQJ�DERXW�PDJQHWLF�À�HOGV�LVQ·W�WKH�RQO\�ZD\�WR�JHW�around! Many animals also remember the way places smell and follow their noses home. During the day, some birds watch the position of the sun. And at night, birds also use the positions of stars as guides. Birds will change their position when they are released inside a planetarium (a building that has stars projected on the ceiling like in the sky). If the stars are rotated, the birds will rotate. Amazingly, birds seem to watch for the North Star, just as human sailors do!

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3UHGDWRUV·�ZLQJV�KDYH�D�row of tiny feathers on the front edge WKDW�PXIÁ�H��VRIWHQ��the sound of the wind. These hunters can XVH�WKHLU�VLOHQW�Á�LJKW�and keen eyesight to À�QG�DQG�VXUSULVH�VPDOO�animals.

:KDW�DERXW�EHDNV��VRPHWLPHV�FDOOHG�ELOOV�"�Many birds use their beaks to rip and tear at their food.

7KH�GHVLJQ�RI�D�ELUG·V�IHHW�FDQ�EH�YHU\�important to its survival. Predators use their sharp-clawed feet to grab their prey.

The wings of the tiny hummingbird move so quickly that they look OLNH�D�EOXU�WR�RXU�H\HV��7KH�KXPPLQJELUG·V�ZLQJV�DOORZ�LW�WR�KRYHU�RYHU�Á�RZHUV�DQG�GULQN�QHFWDU��WKH�ELUG·V�IRRG�VRXUFH��+XPPLQJELUGV�get their name because the beating of their wings causes a buzzing or humming sound.

Birds that live in or near water often have webbed feet that allow them to swim.

Birds also use their beaks to build nests. Imagine trying to weave grass and twigs with your mouth!

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin was born in England in

1809. He loved to study animals and nature. Anyone who is interested in nature is called a naturalist. Darwin was a naturalist who lived in England all of his life. He only left his home to travel and study—you guessed it—nature. During one of his trips, he went to the Galapagos Islands in WKH�3DFLÀ�F�2FHDQ��+H�REVHUYHG�WKH�DQLPDOV�WKDW�OLYHG�WKHUH�� �

2QH�RI�WKH�À�UVW�REVHUYDWLRQV�KH�PDGH�ZDV�DERXW�D�OLWWOH�ELUG�FDOOHG�D�À�QFK��+H�QRWLFHG�WKHLU�EHDNV�À�UVW��DQG�WKDW�JRW�KLV�DWWHQWLRQ��7KH�EHDNV�RI�WKH�À�QFKHV�RQ�WKH�LVODQGV�ORRNHG�GLIIHUHQW�IURP�WKH�À�QFKHV�LQ�(QJODQG��6RPH�RI�WKH�LVODQG�À�QFKHV�

had wide beaks for eating seeds, and some had long, narrow beaks for drinking nectar. Some of them

even had beaks that could drill holes in wood, just like woodpeckers.

Darwin studied all of the Galapagos animals and decided they had changed over a long time. He believed they changed because they lived so far away from other animals of their species. They had to

change to be able to survive in their island habitat. The animals that were

not born with the changes did not survive. Darwin called his idea natural selection.

Materials: (per class)Tools (three of each): eyedropper or pipette, tweezers,

metal or plastic slotted spoons, pliers, small aquarium net or tea strainer, bamboo skewers (for shish kabob), sets of two chopsticks. (Insert a folded piece of index card between the large ends of the chopsticks. Hold them together at the large end with a rubber band.)

Habitat/Food1. tank of water (2–4 gallons), punched green paper dots,

golf tees, rubber bands (tools: bamboo skewer, small net or strainer, eyedropper)

2. WDQN�RI�ZDWHU������JDOORQV���VPDOO�SODVWLF�À�VK��WRROV��pliers, tweezers, slotted spoon)

3. small branch to represent a “log” or tree trunk, plastic ants, spiders, beetles, caterpillars (tools: tweezers, slotted spoon, small net)

4. bud vase, water and red food coloring (tools: pliers, tweezers, eyedropper)

5. WDQN�RI�VRLO��ZDWHU�WR�PDNH�PXG��SODVWLF�À�VKLQJ�ZRUPV�(tools: small net, slotted spoon, chopsticks)

6. SHDQXWV�LQ�WKH�VKHOO��VXQÁ�RZHU�VHHGV��FRUQ�NHUQHOV��WRROV��chopsticks, pliers, bamboo skewer)

7.�WDQN�ZLWK�����LQFKHV�RI�ZDWHU��VW\URIRDP�À�VK�DQG�IURJV�(tools: chopsticks, bamboo skewer, eyedropper)

Procedure1. Gather the materials.

Set up the food/habitats and assigned tools. (Your teacher will help you.)

2. Number each food station from 1-7, and set up a recording sheet for the investigation. (You may use the one to the right.)

3. With a partner, test the three tools at each food station. Decide which of the tools gets the food most easily and HIÀ�FLHQWO\���6WDWLRQV�FDQ�EH�YLVLWHG�LQ�DQ\�RUGHU�VR�WKDW�seven teams can be testing at the same time.)

4. Write the name of the tool and the food next to the station number you are testing.

5. Look at the pictures/photos of the birds. Choose the bird that has a beak that most closely resembles the tool you have written and write its name next to the tool/food.

6. 6KDUH�\RXU�À�QGLQJV�ZLWK�WKH�UHVW�RI�WKH�FODVV��+RZ�GR�\RXU�FKRLFHV�FRPSDUH�ZLWK�WKH�RWKHU�WHDPV·�

results? If you do not agree, can you justify your choice? +DYH�D�´VFLHQWLÀ�F�DUJXPHQW�µ�7KDW�PHDQV�\RX�JLYH�DQ�H[SODQDWLRQ�RI�\RXU�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�DQG�UHVXOWV��,Q�D�VFLHQWLÀ�F�DUJXPHQW��LW�LV�2.�WR�GLVDJUHH��LW�LV�QRW�FRQVLGHUHG�À�JKWLQJ��Remember to be respectful of your peers and allow each team to express the opinion they have made based on their investigation.

Beak Breakfast Bonanza Recording SheetOrnithologist(s) __________________

Food/Habitat Tool Bird1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

White Ibis

Roseate Spoonbill

American White Pelican

Limpkin

Great Blue Heron

Northern Mockingbird

Grosbeak

Ruby-throated

Hummingbird

Purple Gallinule

Brown Pelican Cardinal

Red-bellied Woodpecker

Belted .LQJÀ�VKHU

*Food for thought…Can you use the experience you have had with this investigation to make D�VFLHQWLÀ�F�FRQQHFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�Toucan Sam and his box of )UXLW�/RRSV"

,Q�WKLV�LVVXH�ZH�ZLOO�ORRN�DW�WKH�SK\VLFDO�DQG�EHKDYLRUDO�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�VRPH�RI�WKH�,Q�WKLV�LVVXH�ZH�ZLOO�ORRN�DW�WKH�SK\VLFDO�DQG�EHKDYLRUDO�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�VRPH�RI�WKH�

Science:HHN����RI������3DJH��

Wings, Beaks,Legs, Tails and Feet

Page 3: Wings, Beaks, Legs, Tails and Feet Document your bird ... Weekly Week 22.pdf · Many birds use their beaks to rip and tear at their food. 7KH GHVLJQ RI D ELUG·V IHHW FDQ EH YHU\

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How do birds know how to get back home DIWHU�Á�\LQJ�VRXWK"

For years and years, scientists have studied how birds seem to know how to head south for the winter and then return in the spring to the exact place they left. +XPDQV�KDYH�ZRQGHUHG�KRZ�KRPLQJ�SLJHRQV�FRXOG�À�QG�WKHLU�ZD\�KRPH�ZKHQ�UHOHDVHG�KXQGUHGV�RI�PLOHV�DZD\��:H·YH�GLVFRYHUHG�that many birds (like pigeons) are somehow aware of the north DQG�VRXWK�PDJQHWLF�À�HOGV�RI�WKH�(DUWK��6R��HYHQ�DW�QLJKW��ZKHQ�WKH\�FDQ·W�VHH�WKH�ODQG��WKH\�NQRZ�ZKHUH�WR�JR�

%XW��NQRZLQJ�DERXW�PDJQHWLF�À�HOGV�LVQ·W�WKH�RQO\�ZD\�WR�JHW�around! Many animals also remember the way places smell and follow their noses home. During the day, some birds watch the position of the sun. And at night, birds also use the positions of stars as guides. Birds will change their position when they are released inside a planetarium (a building that has stars projected on the ceiling like in the sky). If the stars are rotated, the birds will rotate. Amazingly, birds seem to watch for the North Star, just as human sailors do!

9RO����,VVXH���0DUFK��������6FLHQFH�6WXGLHV�:HHNO\³([SORUDWLRQ��,661�������������LV�SXEOLVKHG�LQ�$XJXVW��2FWREHU��-DQXDU\�DQG�0DUFK�E\�$PHULFDQ�/HJDF\�3XEOLVKLQJ��,QF���3HULRGLFDOV�3RVWDJH�3DLG�DW�3OHDVDQW�*URYH��87�������DQG�DW�DG�GLWLRQDO�PDLOLQJ�RIÀ�FHV��.QRZQ�RIÀ�FH�RI�SXEOLFDWLRQ�������:�����1��/LQGRQ��87���������32670$67(5��6HQG�DGGUHVV�FKDQJHV�WR�6FLHQFH�6WXGLHV�:HHNO\�([SORUDWLRQ�������:�����1��/LQGRQ��87���������7ROO�IUHH�SKRQH������������������)D[������������������)RU�SULFLQJ�LQIRUPDWLRQ�JR�WR�ZZZ�VWXGLHVZHHNO\�FRP���)RU�RUGHULQJ�LQIRUPDWLRQ�RU�TXHVWLRQV�H�PDLO�VHUYLFH#VWXGLHVZHHNO\�FRP���)RU�HGLWRULDO�FRPPHQWV�DQG�IHHGEDFN�H�PDLO�IHHGEDFN#VWXGLHVZHHNO\�FRP����0DWHULDO�LQ�WKLV�SXEOLFDWLRQ�PD\�QRW�EH�UHSURGXFHG�IRU�VDOH�LQ�SULQW�RU�HOHFWURQLF�IRUPDW���������$PHULFDQ�/HJDF\�3XEOLVKLQJ��,QF��3ULQWHG�LQ�WKH�86$��&36,$�����D��FRPSOLDQW�LQIR��ZZZ�VWXGLHVZHHNO\�FRP�FSVLD��7UDFNLQJ�1XPEHU��6:�������/�8�

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$W�À�UVW�JODQFH��LW�PD\�VHHP�GLIÀ�FXOW�WR�VHH�VRPH�RI�WKH�GLIIHUHQFHV�EHWZHHQ�ELUGV��,I�\RX�WDNH�WKH�WLPH�WR�REVHUYH�WKHP�DQG�VWXG\�SLFWXUHV�RI�GLIIHUHQW�VSHFLHV��\RX�ZLOO�VHH�WKDW�WKHLU�SK\VLFDO�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�DUH�HVVHQWLDO�IRU�WKHLU�VXUYLYDO��7KH�VDPH�LV�WUXH�IRU�DOO�DQLPDOV��HYHQ�KXPDQV��EHFDXVH�DGDSWDWLRQ�LV�QRW�MXVW�´IRU�WKH�ELUGV�µ���

3UHGDWRUV·�ZLQJV�KDYH�D�row of tiny feathers on the front edge WKDW�PXIÁ�H��VRIWHQ��the sound of the wind. These hunters can XVH�WKHLU�VLOHQW�Á�LJKW�and keen eyesight to À�QG�DQG�VXUSULVH�VPDOO�animals.

:KDW�DERXW�EHDNV��VRPHWLPHV�FDOOHG�ELOOV�"�Many birds use their beaks to rip and tear at their food.

7KH�GHVLJQ�RI�D�ELUG·V�IHHW�FDQ�EH�YHU\�important to its survival. Predators use their sharp-clawed feet to grab their prey.

The wings of the tiny hummingbird move so quickly that they look OLNH�D�EOXU�WR�RXU�H\HV��7KH�KXPPLQJELUG·V�ZLQJV�DOORZ�LW�WR�KRYHU�RYHU�Á�RZHUV�DQG�GULQN�QHFWDU��WKH�ELUG·V�IRRG�VRXUFH��+XPPLQJELUGV�get their name because the beating of their wings causes a buzzing or humming sound.

Birds that live in or near water often have webbed feet that allow them to swim.

Birds also use their beaks to build nests. Imagine trying to weave grass and twigs with your mouth!

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin was born in England in

1809. He loved to study animals and nature. Anyone who is interested in nature is called a naturalist. Darwin was a naturalist who lived in England all of his life. He only left his home to travel and study—you guessed it—nature. During one of his trips, he went to the Galapagos Islands in WKH�3DFLÀ�F�2FHDQ��+H�REVHUYHG�WKH�DQLPDOV�WKDW�OLYHG�WKHUH�� �

2QH�RI�WKH�À�UVW�REVHUYDWLRQV�KH�PDGH�ZDV�DERXW�D�OLWWOH�ELUG�FDOOHG�D�À�QFK��+H�QRWLFHG�WKHLU�EHDNV�À�UVW��DQG�WKDW�JRW�KLV�DWWHQWLRQ��7KH�EHDNV�RI�WKH�À�QFKHV�RQ�WKH�LVODQGV�ORRNHG�GLIIHUHQW�IURP�WKH�À�QFKHV�LQ�(QJODQG��6RPH�RI�WKH�LVODQG�À�QFKHV�

had wide beaks for eating seeds, and some had long, narrow beaks for drinking nectar. Some of them

even had beaks that could drill holes in wood, just like woodpeckers.

Darwin studied all of the Galapagos animals and decided they had changed over a long time. He believed they changed because they lived so far away from other animals of their species. They had to

change to be able to survive in their island habitat. The animals that were

not born with the changes did not survive. Darwin called his idea natural selection.

Materials: (per class)Tools (three of each): eyedropper or pipette, tweezers,

metal or plastic slotted spoons, pliers, small aquarium net or tea strainer, bamboo skewers (for shish kabob), sets of two chopsticks. (Insert a folded piece of index card between the large ends of the chopsticks. Hold them together at the large end with a rubber band.)

Habitat/Food1. tank of water (2–4 gallons), punched green paper dots,

golf tees, rubber bands (tools: bamboo skewer, small net or strainer, eyedropper)

2. WDQN�RI�ZDWHU������JDOORQV���VPDOO�SODVWLF�À�VK��WRROV��pliers, tweezers, slotted spoon)

3. small branch to represent a “log” or tree trunk, plastic ants, spiders, beetles, caterpillars (tools: tweezers, slotted spoon, small net)

4. bud vase, water and red food coloring (tools: pliers, tweezers, eyedropper)

5. WDQN�RI�VRLO��ZDWHU�WR�PDNH�PXG��SODVWLF�À�VKLQJ�ZRUPV�(tools: small net, slotted spoon, chopsticks)

6. SHDQXWV�LQ�WKH�VKHOO��VXQÁ�RZHU�VHHGV��FRUQ�NHUQHOV��WRROV��chopsticks, pliers, bamboo skewer)

7.�WDQN�ZLWK�����LQFKHV�RI�ZDWHU��VW\URIRDP�À�VK�DQG�IURJV�(tools: chopsticks, bamboo skewer, eyedropper)

Procedure1. Gather the materials.

Set up the food/habitats and assigned tools. (Your teacher will help you.)

2. Number each food station from 1-7, and set up a recording sheet for the investigation. (You may use the one to the right.)

3. With a partner, test the three tools at each food station. Decide which of the tools gets the food most easily and HIÀ�FLHQWO\���6WDWLRQV�FDQ�EH�YLVLWHG�LQ�DQ\�RUGHU�VR�WKDW�seven teams can be testing at the same time.)

4. Write the name of the tool and the food next to the station number you are testing.

5. Look at the pictures/photos of the birds. Choose the bird that has a beak that most closely resembles the tool you have written and write its name next to the tool/food.

6. 6KDUH�\RXU�À�QGLQJV�ZLWK�WKH�UHVW�RI�WKH�FODVV��+RZ�GR�\RXU�FKRLFHV�FRPSDUH�ZLWK�WKH�RWKHU�WHDPV·�

results? If you do not agree, can you justify your choice? +DYH�D�´VFLHQWLÀ�F�DUJXPHQW�µ�7KDW�PHDQV�\RX�JLYH�DQ�H[SODQDWLRQ�RI�\RXU�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�DQG�UHVXOWV��,Q�D�VFLHQWLÀ�F�DUJXPHQW��LW�LV�2.�WR�GLVDJUHH��LW�LV�QRW�FRQVLGHUHG�À�JKWLQJ��Remember to be respectful of your peers and allow each team to express the opinion they have made based on their investigation.

Beak Breakfast Bonanza Recording SheetOrnithologist(s) __________________

Food/Habitat Tool Bird1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

White Ibis

Roseate Spoonbill

American White Pelican

Limpkin

Great Blue Heron

Northern Mockingbird

Grosbeak

Ruby-throated

Hummingbird

Purple Gallinule

Brown Pelican Cardinal

Red-bellied Woodpecker

Belted .LQJÀ�VKHU

*Food for thought…Can you use the experience you have had with this investigation to make D�VFLHQWLÀ�F�FRQQHFWLRQ�EHWZHHQ�Toucan Sam and his box of )UXLW�/RRSV"

,Q�WKLV�LVVXH�ZH�ZLOO�ORRN�DW�WKH�SK\VLFDO�DQG�EHKDYLRUDO�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�VRPH�RI�WKH�,Q�WKLV�LVVXH�ZH�ZLOO�ORRN�DW�WKH�SK\VLFDO�DQG�EHKDYLRUDO�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�VRPH�RI�WKH�

Science:HHN����RI������3DJH��

Wings, Beaks,Legs, Tails and Feet

Page 4: Wings, Beaks, Legs, Tails and Feet Document your bird ... Weekly Week 22.pdf · Many birds use their beaks to rip and tear at their food. 7KH GHVLJQ RI D ELUG·V IHHW FDQ EH YHU\

Name ______________________________________ WEEK 22 Competition

andAdaptation

Vol. 8 Issue 4Fourth Quarter SN4-4

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Wings, Beaks, Legs, Tails and Feet

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Hybrids A hybrid is the offspring of two different species.

Most species cannot have offspring with other species. A hybrid is sterile, which means it cannot have offspring. For a species to survive, it has to be able to reproduce.

Hybrids, like certain mice, can have more health problems than their parents. A mule is another hybrid. It is the cross between a horse and a donkey, and it cannot reproduce. Mules have attributes from both useful horses DQG�JRRG��VWXUG\�GRQNH\V��6LQFH�PXOHV�FDQ·W�UHSURGXFH��WKHUH�DUHQ·W�DV�PDQ\�RI�WKHP�DURXQG�

The red wolf is also a hybrid. It is a cross between a wolf and a dog. An interesting story about the red wolf is that people once considered it an endangered species. But DV�D�K\EULG��LW�GLGQ·W�KDYH�PXFK�FKRLFH�LQ�WKH�PDWWHU�RI�having offspring.

Document your bird species:

Name of Bird: Ornithologist-Artist:Habitat:

Food:

How it Looks (Physical Adaptations or Characteristics)Beak (bill):

Feet:

Legs:

Wings:

Tail:

Colors:

How it Acts (Behavioral Adaptations or Characteristics)

Draw your bird species here:

,I�\RX·G�OLNH�WR�PDNH�DQ\�HGLWRULDO�FRPPHQWV�about our paper, please write to us at

[email protected].

Avian Designer: Build the Bird of Your DreamsUse the information you have learned from your

investigations to design a new species of bird. (You may have to do some more research.) Draw a sketch of your bird below. Name its species. Identify and describe its natural habitat and food. Explain how each physical adaptation (how its body looks and works) will help your

species survive. Add behavioral adaptations (the way your bird acts) to complete your report.

:RXOGQ·W�LW�EH�IXQ�WR�PDNH�D�FOD\�RU�SDSLHU�PDFKp�model of your bird? Maybe your art teacher would like to have you do this. You can display your models with your data sheets.

Alex the Talking Parrot