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WINLAB IAB MeetingJune 10, 2005

Rutgers, The State University of New Jerseywww.winlab.rutgers.edu

Contact: Professor D. Raychaudhuri, Directorray@winlab.rutgers.edu

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WINLAB STATUS UPDATE

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WINLAB Status Update

WINLAB activity snapshot as of Spring 2005:~25 faculty/staff (15 academic faculty + 10 research staff/adjunct faculty)~45 graduate students~14 companies in corporate sponsor program25,000 sq-ft in facilities, including new Tech Center II building

Industry funding ~$1M (including both annual sponsorship and focus projects)$3M+ federal research funding, mostly from NSF~$500K in NJ State + Rutgers funding (...RU portion increasing in FY05)Total funding level ~$4.5M in FY’04 (...300% increase over FY’01)

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Status Update: Faculty List 6/05Radio Resource

Management &

Wireless Systems

Radio/ Modem Technology

Mobile Network Architecture &

Protocols

Sensor Nets& Pervasive Computing

Y. LuM. BushnellB. Ackland1

P. SpasojevicL. GreensteinR. Rajnarayan (Research Engineer) K. Wine (Research Engineer)

P. Henry (AT&T Labs)*

Students:PhD – 5MS – 3

R. YatesC. RoseN. MandayamD. FrenkielZ. Gajic

L. Razoumov (Intel)*

Students:PhD – 10MS – 4

D. RaychaudhuriW. TrappeI. Seskar (Assoc Dir IT)R. Siracusa (Research Specialist)1

M. Ott1R. Howard1

S. Paul (Edgix)*H. Liu (Thomson)*A. Acharya (IBM)*

M. GruteserB. NathH. HirshM. ParasharY. ZhangR. Martin

* Adjunct Prof1 Part-time position

Students:PhD – 8MS – 6

Students:PhD – 3MS – 4

3/05

9/04

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Status Update: Sponsor ProgramCurrently ~13 sponsor companies

Recently added 1 new sponsor: US Army CECOMTarget no more than ~10-15 companies, with close engagement

~2-3 industry focus projects currently in progressMIMO Infostations (STTR for ARL)3G Security (NICT, Japan)Carrier ad-hoc networks (under discussion with NTT DoCoMo)

Increasing collaboration with sponsors on large Govt proposalsNSF MIMO project (DAPHNE) - LucentORBIT wireless networking testbed – Thomson, Lucent, IBMCognitive radio algorithms and hardware – Lucent

More joint proposals with sponsor/partner companies on key topicsCognitive radio – Philips, GNU Radio, RaytheonPervasive computing, sensor systems – TBD

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Status Update: Industry Sponsors 6/05

*

*Research Partners

Aruba Networks, PnP Networks,

Semandex NetworksMayflower Inc.

*Panasonic

US Army CECOM

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Status Update: Sponsor ProgramSeeking more long-term research collaboration with sponsorsNow that we have invested in critical technology areas, new labs and a larger, more qualified student pool, we invite sponsors to work more closely with us:

Specific focus projects on topics of mutual interestContributions to existing projects such as ORBIT or NSF “future Internet” projectJoint proposals to future NSF, DARPA, DHS or DoD RFP’sVisiting researchers, short sabbatical leaves, etc.Sponsored students, post-docs and student internships

ORBIT facility (~11,000 sq-ft in Rt 1 Tech Center bldg) has adequate space for research visitorsAlso starting to work more actively with early stage incubations, startup companies and joint ventures...

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Status Update: WINLAB Activity Model & Tech Transfer

Core Research Areas

DARPAProjects

(e.g. Infostations)

Major NSFProjects

(e.g. ORBIT)

Major NSFProjects

(e.g. ORBIT)

NJCSTProject

(e.g. MUSE)

Focus Project(s)

with Sponsor Companies

Focus Project(s)

with Sponsor Companies

Technology Transfer ProjectsTechnology Transfer Projects

Tech Reports,Sponsor meetings,Software tools,etc.

Sponsor Fees,& Govt basic research funds

AdditionalProjectSupport

New system concepts, IPR, …

Pre-commercial technology

Industry, venturefunds, NJCST, …

Usually involves partnerships with sponsor companiesAnd other universities

CorpR&D

Activitiesto be carried out at

Tech Center II

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Status Update: Research Program 6/05

Research projects in 4 broad areas of wireless technologyradio propagation and modem design radio research management (RRM)wireless networks and protocolsmobile computing

Major NSF projects on future wireless networks (ORBIT), spectrum, cognitive radio, MIMO, sensors and security/privacyNumerous smaller projects (both NSF and industry) on topics ranging from WLAN enhancements and 3G scheduling to network coding and location services.Strategic future directions: “wireless ecosystems”, security, next-generation Internet and pervasive systems....

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Status Update: WINLAB Research Direction

Internet (IP-based)

Infostationcache

WLANAccess Point

WLANHot-Spot

VOIP(dual-mode)

Low-tier clusters(e.g. low power 802.11 sensor)

Ad-hocnetwork

extension

Public Switched Network(PSTN)

BTS

VOIP

Broadband Media cluster(e.g. UWB or MIMO)

BTS

BSC

MSC

CustomMobileInfrastructure(e.g. GSM, 3G)

CDMA, GSMor 3G radio access network

Generic mobile infrastructure

Today Future?

Research Themes:Faster radiosInterference issuesPower control3G SchedulingHandoff algorithmsWLAN MAC3G/WLAN interworkingSecurityMobile contentetc.

Research Themes:Super-fast short range radiosUWB, MIMOSensor devices/SOC4G radio & next-gen WLANSpectrum coordinationUnified mobility protocolsAd-hoc network RRM , MAC and routing protocolsAd-hoc net QoS & securitySensor net software modelsCentralized control distributedetc.

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Status Update: Research Areas

Pervasive Computing ApplicationPervasive Computing Application

Agent 2Agent 1

Agent 3

SensorCluster A

SensorCluster B

Run-timeEnvironment(network OS)Resource

DiscoveryAd-hoc Routing

OS/ProcessScheduling

Overlay Network for Dynamic Agent <-> Sensor

Association

0 0.5 1 1.5 20

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Normalized distance of AB

Pack

et d

eliv

ery

relia

blilt

y

Original 802.11CR, denisty 1CR, denisty 2CR, denisty 4CR, denisty 8

Wireless/Sensor NetSoftware & Security

Wireless Sensors

System Analysis & Theory

Wireless Network Testbed

Mobile Computing

Ad-Hoc Networks

Radio Platforms

Cognitive Radio

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Status Update: Wireless Roadmap

HardwarePlatforms

Protocols& Software

2000 2005 2010+

BasicWireless

Technologies

SystemApplications

3G Cellular

~11 Mbps QPSK/QAM

~2 Mbps WCDMA

~ 1 Mbps Bluetooth

~10 Mbps OFDM

~50 Mbps OFDM

~100 Mbps UWB

Broadband Cellular (3G)

WLAN (802.11a,b,g) ad-hoc/mesh

IP-based Cellular Network (B3G)

~100 Mbps OFDM/CDMA

~500 Mbps UWB

~200 Mbps MIMO/OFDM

Unified Wireless Access+ IP-based core network

802.11 WLAN card/AP

Cellular handset, BTS

Bluetooth module*

3G services

GSM, GPRS services

Mobile WLAN services

3G/WLAN interworking

WLAN security, enterprise

Cellular VOIP gateway

802.11 Mesh Router*

Commodity BTS

3G Base Station RouterSelf-Organizing Ad-Hoc

Radio Router

Multi-standardCognitive Radio*

Next-Gen WLAN(including ad-hoc mesh)

IP-based Mobile Network

Mobile Internet Services& Content Delivery

WLAN office/home public WLANhome media

networks

3G/WLAN HybridMobile Internetopen systems

4G Systems

Ad-Hoc & P2P Sensor Nets

Embedded Radio(wireless sensors)

dynamicspectrumsharing

Pervasive Systems

WLAN+ (802.11e,n)

Sensor radios(Zigbee, Mote)

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Status Update: WINLAB R&D map

CoreTechnology

Protocols& Software

2002 2004 2006

Multimodal ZnO sensor

nx100 MbpsOFDM Radio

UWB PHY/MAC

Algorithms,Analysis &Simulation

UWB Spectrum rights & management

MUSE SystemPrototypesSystem

PrototypesInfostations Prototypes

(i-media, emergency response)

3G/WLANInterworking

Content Routingin mobile networks

Multimodal sensor-on-silicon(MUSE) module/chip

Self-organizingAd-hoc network

Interference avoidance, RRM

Ad-hoc routing

3G/4G PHY/MAC (RRM, scheduling, etc.)

Low-power802.11b

Wireless security

ORBIT Wireless Network Testbed

MIMO networks

SDRPrototype

Network-centricCognitive radio HW

MIMO Infostation

Sensor net Privacy

802.11e,n protocols

Ad-hoc net with QoS

Spectrum etiquette and adaptive radio net protocols

Unlicensed spectrum algorithms

OFDMAd-hoc net RRM

Sensor net models

Adaptive RadioNetwork Prototype

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Status Update: Major ProjectsSeveral major research and technology transfer projects currently being carried out at WINLAB

Dynamic spectrum management (NSF ITR, ’02-’05)Multimodal Sensor-on-Silicon: MUSE (NJCST, ’02-’07)ORBIT: Open-Access Research Testbed for Wireless Networks (NSF “NRT”project, ‘03-07) – joint with Columbia, Princeton, Lucent , IBM, ThomsonMIMO networks/DAPHNE (NSF grant, ‘03-06) – joint with Princeton & NJITCognitive Radio hardware & algorithms (NSF NeTS grants, ’04-’07) – joint with GA Tech and Bell LabsPrivacy and security in sensor nets (NSF NeTS grant, ’04-’07)

Security in next-generation wireless networks (NICT, Japan ’02-’06)MIMO Infostations Prototype for Army (Mayflower/ARL, ’04-05)ORBIT Tech Transfer (Intel, DoD, ’05-’06)

Major government projects

Industry supported focus projects

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Status Update: Federal ProposalsSeveral new proposals submitted or under development for NSF ITR, NSF NeTS and DARPA, including

Software API & sockets for sensor nets – NSF NeTS NOSSSpectrum measurements – NSF NeTS ProWINCollaborative radio teams (ACERT) –DARPAInternet spectrum server – NSF NeTS ProWINAd-hoc emergency response networks – DHS (with Columbia U)

Started work on future Internet planning project for NSF – involves over 20 key networking researchers from various universities andresearch labs

Starting work on “wireless ecosystems” ERC focusing on migration from centralized to distributed systems. Major effort planned for Fall 05 leading to NSF proposal in Nov

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Status Update: NJ State ProjectsNJ State funding for R&D going through major changes:

Emphasizing tech transfer and jobs rather than basic researchMUSE (sensor on silicon) project year 3 funded at 50% level, butcenter of excellence program being phased out by NJCSTTech Center II now in a state “enterprise zone” and thus qualifies for special programs for incubation and technology transfer support from NJ EDAWorking on a proposal for a “wireless technology center of NJ”that would develop technology cores, transfer WINLAB results and provide specialized services to companies/venturesOpportunities for co-location of joint venture or wireless activity at EDA Tech Center Facility

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Research Highlights

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Spectrum Management: Problem ScopeSpectrumAllocation

Rules(static)

INTERNET

BTS

AuctionServer

(dynamic)

SpectrumCoordination

Server(dynamic)

AP

Ad-hocsensor cluster(low-power, high density)

Short-rangeinfrastructure

mode network (e.g. WLAN)

Short-range ad-hoc net

Wide-area infrastructuremode network (e.g. 802.16)

Dense deployment of wireless devices, both wide-area and short-rangeProliferation of multiple radio technologies, e.g. 802.11a,b,g, UWB, 802.16, 4G, etc.How should spectrum allocation rules evolve to achieve high efficiency?Available options include:

Agile radios (interference avoidance)Dynamic centralized allocation methodsDistributed spectrum coordination (etiquette)Collaborative ad-hoc networks

Etiquettepolicy

SpectrumCoordination

protocols

Spectrum Coordinationprotocols

Dynamic frequencyprovisioning

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INTERNETINTERNET

Wireless Architecture: Cognitive Radio Based Adaptive Networks

AA

BB

D

C

D

E

F

Cognitive radio drives consideration of adaptive wireless networks involving multi-hop collaboration between radio nodes

Needs Internet support similar to ad-hoc network discussed earlierRapid changes in network topology, PHY bit-rate, etc. implications for routingFundamentally cross-layer approach – need to consider wired net boundaryHigh-power cognitive radios may themselves serve as Internet routers…

Bootstrapped PHY &control link

End-to-end routed pathFrom A to F

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MPC8260

TMS320C6701XC2V6000FPGA

100BaseT EthernetMegarray

Connector-244 Configurable

I/O pins

Cognitive Radio: Hardware Platforms

Next-generation software-defined radio supporting fast spectrum scanning, adaptive control of modulation waveforms and collaborative network processingFacilitates efficient unlicensed band coordination and multi-standard compatibility between radio devices

Bell Laboratories Software Defined Radio (Baseband Processor)Courtesy of Dr. T. Sizer

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Cognitive Radio: Hardware Platform

radio

BasebandFPGA

BasebandProcessor Core

(DSP)

SRAM

PacketFPGA

Clock Mgmt

A/D

D/A

A/D

D/A

A/D

D/A

Wakeup

Packet BufferDRAM)

Host(CR Strategies)

radio

radio

Local ethernet drop

WINLAB’s “network centric” concept for cognitive radio prototype (..under development in collaboration with GA Tech & Lucent Bell Labs)

Requirements include:~Ghz spectrum scanning,- Etiquette policy processing- PHY layer adaptation (per pkt)- Ad-hoc network discovery- Multi-hop routing ~100 Mbps+

Agile radioI/O

Software defined modem Network Processor

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TransmitPower

HopsToAP

NodeType

SequenceNumber

Cluster ID

PacketType

NodeID

BroadcastMAC

SourceMAC

Beacon Frame Format

Low-tier access links(AP/FN Beacons, MN Associations, Data)

Ad-hoc infrastructure links between FNs and APs(AP/FN Beacons, FN Associations, Routing Exchanges, Data)

Forwarding Node (FN)

Access Point (AP)

FN

AP

FNcoverage

area

APcoverage

area

Low-tier(e.g. sensor)Mobile Node (MN)

FN

Self-organized ad-hoc network

MN

MN

MN

MN

MN

MNMN MN

Internet

FN

AP

Channel 4

Channel 2

Beacon

Transmit Power Required: 1mW

Beacon

Assoc

Transmit Power Required: 4mW

FN

AP

SN•Scan all channels•Associate with FN/AP•Send data

FN•Scan all channels•Find minimum delay links to AP•Set up routes to AP•Send beacons•Forward SN data

Ad-Hoc Network: Discovery ProtocolCreates efficient ad-hoc network topology just above MAC layer in order to reduce burden on routing protocol…

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Ad-Hoc Networks : “SOHAN” ResultsFlat HierarchicalSystem Parameters:

0.9 sq. km, 20 mobiles/sensors, 4 FNs, 2 APs802.11a with multiple freqs

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 6510

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

System offered load (Mbps)

Sys

tem

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Total System Throughput for flat and hierarchical topologies

FlatHierarchical

Flat

Hierarchical

• “SOHAN” system evaluated for urban mesh deployment scenario with ~25 nodes

• Results show that system scales well and significantly outperforms flat ad-hoc routing (AODV)

APFN

MN

Mapping on to ORBITRadio grid emulator

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Ad-Hoc MAC: D-LSMA Scheduling

Link scheduling to allow parallel transmissions, solves “exposed node” useful for QoS on ad-hoc FN-FN infrastructure in hierarchical systemsDistributed scheduling algorithm (upper MAC), using 802.11-based lower MAC

D

E

A

B

C

to C to ERTS retransmit

to C to Cto E to Eto C

t0 t1 t2

T

A

DE

B C RTSCTSDATA

Upper MACScheduler

D-LSMA

Classified flows

Lower MAC

……

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Wireless Architecture: Sensor Nets and Pervasive Systems

Mobile Internet (IP-based)

Overlay Pervasive Network Services

Compute & StorageServers

User interfaces forinformation & control

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net A

Ad-Hoc Sensor Net B

Sensor net/IP gateway GW

3G/4GBTS

PervasiveApplication

Agents

Relay Node

Virtualized Physical WorldObject or Event

Sensor/Actuator

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IP NetworkIP Network

Pervasive Systems: Key Technologies

ContentRouter

Wireless Access Point

Radio Forwarding Node

Future Cognitive RadioWireless Sensors

Infostation(wireless cache)

TinyOS

Ad-Hoc Net Protocols

Caching, Dynamic Binding

PHY Adaptation

CR Software Platform

Adaptive CR Net Protocols

Ad-Hoc Net Protocols

Caching, Dynamic Binding

ApplicationAgents

Caching, Dynamic Binding

Ad-Hoc Net Protocols

IP Network Gateway

ApplicationServer

Application

Application

Content-Based Routing

Content-Based Routing

Content-Based Routing

IP Routing

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Sensor Hardware: Multimodal ZnOdevice“Tunable” ZnO sensor prototype developed:

Can be “reset” to increase sensitivity, e.g. in liquids or gasDual mode (acoustic and UV optic)Applicable to variety of sensing needs

Gate voltageinput

REF.

2DEGmesa

SAWIDT

2DEGGround

Sensing device with chemicallyselective receptor coating

Sensoroutput

Mixer

2DEGmesa

Courtesy of: Prof Y. Lu,Rutgers U

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Sensors in roadway interact with sensor/actuator in carsOpportunistic, attribute-based binding of sensors and carsAd-hoc network with dynamically changing topologyClosed-loop operation with tight real-time and reliability constraints

Pervasive Applications: Highway Safety

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Pervasive Systems: Software ModelSensor net scenarios require a fundamentally new software model (…not TCP/IP or web!!):

Large number of context-dependent sources/sensors with unknown IP addressContent-driven networking (…not like TCP/IP client-server!)Distributed, collaborative computing between “sensor clusters”Varying wireless connectivity and resource levels

Sensor NetSoftwareModel

Pervasive Computing ApplicationPervasive Computing Application

Agent 2Agent 1

Agent 3

SensorCluster A

SensorCluster B

Run-timeEnvironment(network OS)

ResourceDiscovery

Ad-hoc Routing

OS/ProcessScheduling

Overlay Network for Dynamic Agent <-> Sensor

Association

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ORBIT Testbed: Radio Grid

64-node radio grid prototype at Busch Campus (8/04) 400-node radio grid system at Tech Center II (under construction 5/05)

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ORBIT: Field Trial System

Lucent “Base Station Router”with IP interface

“Open API” 802.11a,b,gORBIT radio node

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Web Sites for More Information:

WINLAB: www.winlab.rutgers.eduORBIT: www.orbit-lab.org