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WINLAB Summary

Sept 7, 2011

Wireless Information Network Laboratory (WINLAB)

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

www.winlab.rutgers.edu

Contact: Professor D. Raychaudhuri, Director

ray@winlab.rutgers.edu

WINLAB

WINLAB

Introduction: Mission & Resources WINLAB founded in 1989 as a collaborative industry-university research

center with specialized focus on wireless networking

Mission is to advance both research and education in the area of wireless technology (… a topic of fast growing importance across the entire information technology field!)

Research scope includes information theory, radio technology, wireless networks, mobile computing and pervasive systems

Participation in several major federal research initiatives in the wireless and networking fields - cognitive radio/spectrum, future Internet architecture (FIA), GENI

Unique Rutgers resource with local, national and international recognition and impact

WINLAB resources in brief:

~25 faculty/staff, most from the ECE and CS departments at Rutgers

~40-50 grad students (80% PhD, 20% MS) – ~50 PhD’s graduated since 2005; ~20 UG internships

~$5M/yr research funding (80% federal, 20% industry); ~15 corporate sponsors from all over the world

~25,000 sq-ft facility, mostly at the Rt 1 Technology Center building (see photo)

Unique experimental capabilities including ORBIT testbed (see photo) and WiNC2R cognitive radio

ORBIT Radio Grid Testbed WINLAB Tech Center Facility

WINLAB 3

WINLAB Summary: Industry Sponsors

*

*Research Partners

InPoint

Semandex

Igolgi

*

*

*

Panasonic

US Army CECOM

*

WINLAB

WINLAB Summary: People

Dipankar

Raychaudhuri Roy Yates Narayan Mandayam Chris Rose Wade Trappe Predrag Spasojevic Yanyong Zhang Marco Gruteser Ivan Seskar

Athina Petropulu Larry Greenstein Dick Frenkiel Rich Howard Richard Martin

Yicheng Lu

Melissa Gelfman Noreen DeCarlo Janice

Campanella Elaine Connors

Khanh Le

Shridatt

Sugrim ~40-PhD & MS

Students as of 2011

(see www.winlab.rutgers.edu for photos)

Kiran Nagarja Sam Nelson

Ilya Chigivev Jaskaran Singh

Hui Xiong Zoran Miljanic Jun Li Michael Littman Mor Naaman

WINLAB 5

WINLAB Summary: Research Vision Radio everywhere from ~1B wireless devices in 2005 to

~10B in 2010 100B in 2020! Fundamental capacity and scale limits

Overcoming spectrum scarcity

New technology foundation – cognitive radios

Wireless – Internet convergence into a single global network as mobile terminals replace PC’s Architectural implications of mobility, disconnection, location, …

Wireless “network-of-networks” with heterogeneous radios, multi-hop, etc.

Clean-slate protocol architecture centered around mobility & context

From basic voice/data communications pervasive computing Wireless as the glue for integrating the Internet with the physical world

Importance of geographic location as a key attribute

Security and privacy

Various application domains – transportation, healthcare, security, industrial automation, …

WINLAB

WINLAB Summary: Research Scope

Static Spectrum

Assignment

Dynamic Spectrum

Assignment

~10x eficiency

Single User

MIMO/OFDM

Next-Gen

Gigabit PHY

Static MAC

Protocols

Flexible &

Adaptive MAC

IP Routing +

Cellular Mobility

Mobility-Centric

Internet Arch

Mobile web

services

Content- and context-aware pervasive

services

Spectrum sensing, NC-OFDM,

Spectrum server, cognitive algorithms,

Coordination protocols, ..

Network MIMO, network coding,

interference alignment, 60 Ghz,

Cooperative relay, cross-layer,

beam switching, software MAC,..

Storage-aware routing, global name

resolution, location, vehicular nets,

privacy/security, ad hoc/DTN routing, …

Content- and context-aware protocols, M2M

Programmable networks, cloud services, …

WINLAB

WINLAB Summary: Research Scope Dynamic Spectrum Assignment (DSA)

Spectrum policy models and coexistence algorithms

Spectrum sensing, databases and protocols for coordination

“Cognitive” Software-Defined Radio (SDR) Core technology for next-generation wireless systems

Flexible, high-performance architecture (WiNC2R, GENI SDR)

Next-generation wireless & the future Internet Clean-slate mobility-centric Internet architecture (MobilityFirst)

New protocol concepts: Storage routing, global name service, ..

Mobile network privacy and security aspects

Pervasive computing protocols & applications Active RFID for object tracking and location determination

Geographic protocols for vehicular and sensor networks

Future wireless networking testbeds ORBIT radio grid and outdoor GENI WiMAX (4G cellular)

Cognitive radio networking protocols and testbed (CogNet)

Bluetooth-WiFi Spectrogram

WiNC2R SDR Platform

Extracting Secret Key from Radio Signal

Vehicular Radio Node

GENI WiMAX Base Station

8

Research Project

Samples

WINLAB

channel 25 availability

Fixed

TV white space in NJ using 10X10 grid

Number of channels available in each square area

Number of channels vs. number of areas

Portable

White Space: Analysis of Available Spectrum

WINLAB

White Space: Secondary Co-

Existence Methods

WS Mobile

Access Protocol

WS AP

w/ backhaul

Secondary System A Secondary System B

freq

Secondary A Spectrum

Secondary B

Spectrum

Secondary co-existence an important requirement for white space bands

Various schemes possible depending on system model

Completely autonomous, using performance feedback only

Common coordination channel or Internet-based spectrum service

Common Coordination Channel (optional)

Internet

Spectrum Server (optional)

Control

information

NSF and sponsor

Funded projects

(P. Spasojevic,

I. Seskar, D. Raychaudhuri)

WINLAB

Rechargeable Networks: Optimal Retransmission

Policies Jing Lei, Zhuo Chen, Roy Yates

Picture Courtesy of S. Roundy, UC Berkeley

Energy replenishment rate is stochastic and environment-constrained

Rechargeable battery has a long life but its energy should not be abused

Message transmission carries different rewards

Our goal is to maximize the average reward rate by selective transmission .

WINLAB

Mobiles have intermittent network connections During disconnection, network caches in-transit personal content

At reconnection, content retrieved from nearest cache

Users specify acceptable caching prices

Routers advertise caching prices for LRU cache service

Prices set to support an expected lifetime for cached objects

Reduced transit times

Increased cache hit ratios

Mobile Content Delivery: Pricing for Caching Personal Content

WINLAB 13

GeoMac achieves lower delay and more reliable transmissions than ad hoc routing protocols

Unreliable wireless channel: severe fading due to shadowing

due to static and mobile obstructions

GeoMac opportunistically uses neighboring vehicles to forward

messages. Forwarders selected based on

geographic heuristics

V2V Networks: GeoMAC for Reliable Broadcast Messaging

WINLAB

Optical V2V: Visual MIMO

Explores MIMO free space optical communications with camera receivers

First analytical results show higher capacity than traditional FSO in mobile setting

Transmitter Array Receiver Array

Co-channel Interference free!

NSF-funded project

(Marco Gruteser, N. Mandayam & K. Dana)

WINLAB

Vehicular Applications: Drive-By

Sensing (ParkNet) Goal: Low-cost collection of road-side

parking availability

Uses GPS and ultrasonic rangefinders (42 kHz, 20 samples/s, 15cm resolution, up to 6.5m distance)

Preliminary results show 90% accuracy with threshold detection algorithm

NSF-funded project

(Marco Gruteser & collaborators)

WINLAB 16

Pervasive Systems: Tracking with

Roll Call RFID

Cancer Clinic 80x100 ft

Paper chart Pipsqueak 2.0 tag

1 second beacon interval

Median accuracy 12 ft.

Fixed costs of $2.50

sq/ft.

WINLAB

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Mo

bili

ty S

core

Seconds

Tag 8e Mobile

Tag 77 Stationary

Tag 3B Mobile

Threshold

Pervasive Systems: Mobility Detection

Using Active Tags

WINLAB

Security & Privacy: User Controlled

Wireless Privacy

Always-on wireless use through smartphones, automobiles allows ubiquitous tracking Privacy metrics, criteria for

system evaluation?

Providing notice and accountability – allow users to detect when tracking takes place

Strong privacy techniques to thwart localization and tracking

NSF-funded projects

(Marco Gruteser & collaborators)

WINLAB

MobilityFirst: Robust & Trustworthy Mobility-

Centric Architecture for Future Internet

Base Station

Wireless Router

AP

Core Network

(flat label routing)

Router

Global Name Resolution Service

Control & Management Plane

Computing Blade

Buffer Storage

Forwarding Engine

MobilityFirst

Router with

Integrated

Computing & Storage

Hop-by-Hop

Transport

GDTN Routing

Name <-> Net address mapping

Data block Data

Plane

MobilityFirst key protocol

features: Separation of naming & addressing

Fast global naming service

Storage-aware (GDTN) routing

Hop-by-hop (segmented) transport

Self-certifying public key names

Support for content/context/location

Programmable computing layer

Separate network mgmt plane

New components, very

distinct from IP, intended to

achieve key mobile Internet

design goals

Multi-institutional NSF project

Led by WINLAB

WINLAB

MobilityFirst: Name-Address Separation

Separation of names (ID) from

network addresses (NA)

Globally unique name (GUID)

for network attached objects User name, device ID, content, context,

AS name, and so on

Multiple domain-specific naming

services

Global Name Resolution Service

for GUID NA mappings

Hybrid GUID/NA approach Both name/address headers in PDU

“Fast path” when NA is available

GUID resolution, late binding option

Globally Unique Flat Identifier (GUID)

John’s _laptop_1

Sue’s_mobile_2

Server_1234

Sensor@XYZ

Media File_ABC

Host

Naming

Service

Network

Sensor

Naming

Service

Content

Naming

Service

Global Name Resolution Service

Network address

Net1.local_ID

Net2.local_ID

Context

Naming

Service

Taxis in NB

WINLAB

MobilityFirst: Packet Headers and

Forwarding with Hybrid GIUD/NetAddr Primary design option under consideration is a hybrid scheme with support for

both name (GID) and topological address (NA) routing

NA header used for “fast” path, with fallback to GUID resolution where needed

Facilitates generalized multicast and late binding services

GUID/Service

Header

Data Object

GID-Address Mapping

Routing Table

GID NA

12345.. xxyy, xxzz

GUID/Servce

Header

Data Object

NA Header

Dest NA Path

xxyy Net1, net2, ..

Flat GID Routing

(slow path)

Topological Address Routing

(fast path)

Name-GID Mapping

Name GID

server@winlab Net123.localxyz GID/Service

Header

Data File

NA Header

Data Object

PDU with name PDU with name

and address

GUID/Public Key

Hash

SID

(Service

Identifier)

GUID Header Components

*Note: MobilityFirst PDU contains the entire data object

ranging from short message to large media file ~ GB

with hop-by-hop transport and storage (explained later)

WINLAB

MobilityFirst: GUID/Address Routing

Scenarios – Dual Homing The combination of GUID and network address helps to support new mobility

related services including multi-homing, anycast, DTN, context, location …

Dual-homing scenario below allows for multiple NA:PA’s per name

Data Plane

GUID

DATA

Send data file to “Alice’s laptop”

Net 1

Net 7

Current network addresses provided by GNRS;

NA1:PA22 ; NA7:PA13

GUID NA1:PA22; NA7:PA13

DATA

GUID NA1:PA22; NA7:PA13

DATA

Router bifurcates PDU to NA1 & NA7

(no GUID resolution needed)

Dual-homed

mobile device

GUID NetAddr= NA7.PA13

DATA

GUID NetAddr= NA1.PA22

DATA

Alice’s laptop

GUID = xxx

WINLAB

Experimental Systems: Platforms & Testbeds

Degree of Realism

Scale

Math models

Network Science

Opnet or ns Simulator

WINLAB ORBIT Radio Grid Emulator

Open Cellular

Campus Testbeds

GENI Core

Network

CO-WINLAB CR Platform USRP2

USRP/GNU Radio

SDR Sandbox in ORBIT

NSF Funded ORBIT & GENI

Projects at WINLAB

WINLAB

Experimental Systems: ORBIT Outdoor

Testbed Infrastructure

•Distributed across three campuses in NJ (and campus in Australia connected over

L2 tunnel)

•Mixture of production and experimental traffic

“Experiments”:

•Dynamic allocation of resources

•Development of “virtual node”: uses devices that belong to different

testbeds

Virtualized WiMAX

WINLAB

Experimental Systems: Virtual WiMAX

Networks

Design Goals: Multiple independent virtual

networks (VNs), each with specified % of BS capacity

Inter-slice fairness & isolation

For GENI experiments, each VN should be qualitatively equivalent to a dedicated BS

Each VN (slice) should support multiple clients

Intra-slice fairness

Multiple traffic types

Ph

ysi

cal

80

2.1

6e

BS

10

%

30

%

20

%

Slice1 Slice2 Slice3

WINLAB

Experimental Systems: Virtual WiMAX

Network Implementation for GENI

• VN traffic shaping (VNTS) on external GENI controller

• Maintains fairness & isolation between slices

• Uses SNMP status feedback (MCS, rate,..) from BS

No Shaping

VNTS