winter, 2011 geometry b-ch11 surface area and volume
TRANSCRIPT
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WINTER, 2011
Geometry B-CH11 Surface Area and Volume
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CH11-1: Euler’s Formula
Background: This Swiss guy, Leonhard Euler lived from 1707 to 1783 doing most of his work in Berlin, Germany. In 1735 through 1766 he went totally blind. He dictated his formulas and mathematical papers to an assistant and did most of his calculations in his head! His formulas and work served as a basis of advanced math topics like differential equations (math beyond Calculus!)
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CH11-1: Euler’s Formula
Vocabulary: Euler developed a formula to help analyze various polyhedrons.Polyhedron: a 3D shape with a surface of a polygon (ex. Volleyball).Face: The polygon is called the face.Edge: Segment that is formed by the intersection of two faces.Vertex: a point where 3 or more edges intersect.
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CH11-1: Euler’s Formula
Euler’s Formula: F + V = E +2
F = # FacesV=# VerticesE = # Edges
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CH11-1: Euler’s Formula
Ex.1 Use Euler’s Formula to find the missing number for the polyhedron.
#Faces: 6#Edges:12#Vertices=?F+V = E +2 6+V = 12+2 6+V = 14-6 = -6 V = 8
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CH11-1: Euler’s Formula
Now, you do
1,2, and 3 in 5 minutes!
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CH11-2 Surface Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Surface Area (SA): Sum of the areas of all the faces of a 3D object.
Lateral Area (LA): Sum of the areas of all the faces EXCEPT THE TOP AND THE BOTTOM.
The word lateral means “Side.”
Since it is still a calculation of area, the units for Surface Area and Lateral Area are still squared units.
Ex. m2, cm2, in2
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11-2 Surface Areas of Prisms and Cylinders
Let’s go make a model!
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Lateral Area of a Prism
LA = Sum of areas of all sides
h
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Surface Area of a Prism
SA = LA +2∙Ab
LA = Sum of areas of sidesAb = Area of Base Shape
h
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Ex.1 Find a) the lateral area and b) the surface area of each prism. DON’T FORGET YOUR UNITS!
LA = Sum of area of sidesWhat shape are the sides?RectanglesWhat can we use tofind missing sides?? c2 = a2 + b2
c2 = 52 + 82
c2 = 25 + 64 c2 = 89 c = 9.43 in.
18 in.
10 in.h = 8
in.
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Now, we can find LA:LA =Sum of areas of all sidesWhat side shape do we have?RectangleArea of Rectangle = b∙hArea of rectangle 1 = 10∙18Area of rectangle 2= 9.4∙18Area of rectangle 3 = 9.4∙18LA=Area1+Area2+Area3LA = 180+169.2+169.2LA = 518.4 in2
18 in.
10 in.h = 8
in.
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Now, we can find SA:SA = LA +2∙Ab
LA = Sum of areas of sidesAb = Area of Base Shape
What base shape do we have?TriangleArea of Triangle = ½ ∙b∙hArea of Triangle = ½ ∙(10in)(8in)Area of Triangle = 40 in2
SA = LA + 2∙Ab
SA = 518.4 + 2(40) in2
SA = 598.4 in2
18 in.
10 in.h = 8
in.
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Now, you do EVENS
8, 10, & 12
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Lateral Area of a Cylinder
LA = 2∙π ∙ r ∙ hLA = Lateral Area r = radius of circleh= height
Surface Area of a CylinderSA = LA +2 ∙ π ∙ r2
h
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Surface Area of a Prism
SA = LA +2∙Ab
LA = Sum of areas of sidesAb = Area of Base Shape
h
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Ex.2 Find the surface area of each cylinder in terms of π.
SA = 2∙π ∙ r ∙ h + 2 ∙ π ∙ r2
SA = 2∙π ∙ 1m ∙ 3m+2 ∙ π ∙ (1m)2
SA = 6π +2πSA = 8π
1m
3m
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CH11-2: Surface Area of Prisms and Cylinders
Now, you do EVENS
2,4,6,14
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Lateral Area of a Pyramid
LA = ½∙l∙PBase
LA = Lateral Area
L = slant heightPBase=Perimeter of Base Shape
h
19
l
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Surface Area of a Pyramid
SA = LA + ABase
LA = Lateral Area
Abase = Area of Base Shape
h
20
l
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Ex.1 Find a) the lateral areaand b) the surface area of the shape provided.First, the Lateral AreaWhat shape is the base?Square, so
LA = ½∙l∙Pbase
LA = ½∙l∙(12+12+12+12)
How do we find slant height, l?
21 ft
21
l
12 ft12 ft
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Yes! Pythagorean Theoremc2 = a2+b2
c2 = 212+62
c2 = 441+36c2 = 477√c2 = √477c= 21.84
Now, we can find Lateral Area, LA
21 ft
22
l
12 ft12 ft
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
LA = ½∙l∙(12+12+12+12)
And we now know c=l=21.84
LA = ½∙21.84∙(12+12+12+12)LA = 524.2 ft2
What shape is the base?SquareSA = LA + Abase
SA = 524.2 + (12)2
SA = 668.2 ft2
21 ft
23
l
12 ft12 ft
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Now, you do 7, 9, and 11
21 ft
24
l
12 ft12 ft
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Lateral Area of a Cone
LA = π∙r∙lLA = Lateral Area
L = slant heightr=radius of base
25
r
l
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Surface Area of a Cone
SA = π∙r∙l+πr2
SA = Surface Area
L = slant heightr=radius of base
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r
l
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Now, find Lateral Area
c2=a2+b2
c2=202+92
c2=400+81c2=481√c2=√481c=21.9
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9cm
20cm
l
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Now, find Lateral Area
Now, find Lateral AreaLA = π∙r∙lLA = π∙(9)∙(21.9)LA = 618.9 cm2
SA = π∙r∙l+πr2
SA = π∙9∙(21.9)+π92
SA = 197.1π+81πSA = 278.1π cm2
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9cm
20cm
l
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CH11-3: Surface Area of Pyramids and Cones
Now, you do 1, 3, and 5
21 ft
29
l
12 ft12 ft
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CH11-4 Volumes of Prisms & Cylinders
Background: Often, it is useful to know the amount of the inside of a 3D shape. For example, out in Milan Dragway, there are large plastic cylinders for recycling used oil.
Vocabulary:
Volume, V: Product of any 3 dimensions. Measures an objects INTERIOR PLUS DEPTH and has cubed units. Ex. m3, cm3, ft3
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CH11-4 Volumes of Prisms & Cylinders
Volume of a Cylinder
V=π•r2•h
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r
h
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CH11-4 Volumes of Prisms & Cylinders
Ex.1 Find the volume of each cylinder to the nearest tenth.
V=π•r2•hV = π•(2m)2•(2m)V = 25.13 m3
4m
2m
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CH11-4 Volumes of Prisms & Cylinders
Now, you do
EVENS 2,4, 6
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CH11-4 Volumes of Prisms & Cylinders34
Volume of a Prism
V=Ab•h
Ab=Area of Base Shape
h=height of prism
h
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CH11-4: Volume of Prisms & Cylinders
Ex.1 Find the volume of each prism. First, what shape is the base?Square, soAb = s2
Ab = (12ft)2
Ab = 144ft2
V= Ab•h
V = (144ft2) •(21 ft)V = 3024 ft3
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21 ft
l
12 ft12 ft
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CH11-4 Volumes of Prisms & Cylinders
Now, you do
EVENS 8 -14
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CH11-5: Volumes of Pyramids and Cones
Volume of a Pyramid
V = 1/3∙Ab∙h
Ab = Area of Base Shape
h= height of pyramid
h
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l
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CH11-5: Volumes of Pyramids and Cones
Ex.1 Find the volume of each pyramid.What shape is the base?Square, soAb = s2
Ab = (54cm)2
Ab = 2916 cm2
V = 1/3∙Ab∙h
V = 1/3∙(2916cm2)∙(45cm)V = 43470 cm3
45 cm
38
l
54 cm54 cm
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CH11-5: Volumes of Pyramids and Cones
Now, you do EVENS 2,4,6
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CH11-5: Volumes of Pyramids and Cones
Volume of a Cone
V = 1/3∙π∙r2∙h
r = radius h=height of cone(use Pythagorean
Theorem or Trig to find h)
40
r
l
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CH11-5: Volumes of Pyramids and Cones
Ex.2 Find the Volume of the cone.
V = 1/3∙π∙r2∙hV = 1/3∙π∙(9cm)2∙(20cm)V = 1696.5 cm3
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9cm
20cm
l
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CH11-5: Volumes of Pyramids and Cones
Now, you do EVENS 8,10,12
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11-6 Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres
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Surface Area of a Sphere
SA= 4∙π∙r2
r = radius r
Volume of a Sphere
V= 4/3∙π∙r3
r = radius
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11-6 Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres
Ex.1 Find a) the Surface Area and b) Volume of the sphere. Round your answers to the nearest tenth.
a)SA= 4∙π∙r2
SA= 4∙π∙(5m)2
SA= 314.6 m2
b)V= 4/3∙π∙r3
V= 4/3∙π∙(5m)3
V = 523.6 m3
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10 m
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CH11-6: Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres
Now, you do ODDS 1-11
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11-7 Areas & Volumes of Similar Solids
Background: Sometimes, you don’t have all the dimensions of all sides for your shapes. So, if you know the surface areas or volumes, you can make a proportion to figure it out.
Vocabulary: Surface Area: The total of any shape rolled out
flat. Proportion: Two ratios set equal to each
other.
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SA1 = a2
SA2 b2
V1 = a3
V2 b3
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11-7 Areas & Volumes of Similar Solids
a
b
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How To Use It:Ex.1 For each pair of similar figures, find the
similarity ratios of the smaller to the larger shape.
SA1 = a2
SA2 b2
9 = a2
16 b2
√ 9 = √a2
√16 √b2
3=a4 b
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11-7 Areas & Volumes of Similar Solids
SA = 9SA = 16
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Now, you do ALL
1-6
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11-7 Areas & Volumes of Similar Solids
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Woooohoooo! We’re done with CH11!!!!!!
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11-7 Areas & Volumes of Similar Solids