winter 2015 geograffiti - university of maryland · geograffiti department of geographical sciences...

GEOGRAFFITI

Department of Geographical Sciences

I N S I D E

Research Director’s Update

2

Department Research 3 - 11

Field Work 12—13

Study Abroad 13

Conferences/Workshops 14—16

Training Events Alumni

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18 – 20

U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A R Y L A N D

View from the Chair, Christopher Justice

The Fall Semester 2015 has been a very successful one. We continue to develop our new Center for Geographical Information Science and are slowly improving our gender balance with the hire of two exceptional new female Faculty Members. Dr. Kathleen Stewart is well known in the GIS community and comes to us from the University of Iowa, and Dr. Leila De Floriani from the University of Genova, with an impressive international reputation in geo-visualization and computer science. Dr. De Floriani will have a joint appointment with the University of Maryland Institute for Ad-vanced Computer Studies. We are also in the process of hiring an Assis-tant Professor in the field of GIS. Our undergraduate majors are increas-ing in this area and we plan to expand our GIS course offerings at both undergraduate and graduate levels. This growth is putting considerable stress on our outdated facilities and as a result, the College and Campus have accepted a proposal to renovate part of our existing space on the ground floor of LeFrak Hall, to provide improved GIS teaching and re-search classrooms and enhance our Motion Capture lab. We will be looking for help to equip and furnish the renovated space.

Our externally funded research continues to grow to record levels – we are producing more papers in leading journals and our Research Faculty has increased (to 97) to meet the needs of our increased research activi-ties. Amongst all this good news, we also received some sad news, with the passing of Brian Melchior. Brian and his wife Minnie were both Mas-ters’ students and researchers in our Department, and he will truly be missed. With generous donations from Brian’s family, friends and former colleagues, we are setting up an endowment for a graduate student fel-lowship and welcome additional donations (http://go.umd.edu/Melchior).

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES * WINTER 2015 * NEWSLETTER UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND

Winter 2015

21- 22

P A G E 2 DEPARTMENT RESEARCH


This semester we started the University-mandated process of retitling our professional track faculty. We organized an international workshop on land use change in Indonesia. We hosted visitors from the Congo, Argentina, Australia, China and Bangladesh. In November we held our first Diwali cultural event, organized by our graduate students from the Indian sub-continent with singing, dancing and ethnic food. In early De-cember we held our annual departmental retreat at Osprey Point on the Chesapeake Bay. These retreats provide an opportunity for in-depth discussion amongst the faculty to develop new ideas and resolve recur-ring issues. This retreat had a focus on enhancing our undergraduate program, aligning our teaching pro-gram to our faculty research expertise and developing a teaching opportunity for all of our Ph.D. students, without hindering their progress to obtaining their degree.

As the year ends, 2015 is on track to continuing the trend and passing 2014 as the warmest year on record globally since modern record keeping began in 1880. What is more surprising, and different this time, is the hu-man response. Earlier this Fall (Sep), the U.N. released the the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, calling for urgent action to combat climate change as one of 17 sustainable development goals. In December, the U.N. Conference of the Parties met for the 21st time and reached a landmark international agreement to limit future global warming to 2 degrees C or less. With so much scientific attention paid to tipping points and non-linearities in the physical Earth system, this year is certainly a tipping point in the human system/human response. We can finally expect to see countries around the world move to define and implement nationally de-termined contributions to mitigating future climate change. To support this action, a new generation of research and education will be needed on the physical system to reduce uncertainties and improve predictions on carbon and climate, and perhaps even more importantly in the social sciences to understand the potential impacts on society, develop and implement new policies, and provide the information on which they will depend. In all this, GEOG has been active, out ahead, and is well positioned for the future. Recent research has compared multiple global maps of forest cover and shown them to disagree over a total area as large as 12% of the Earth’s surface (Sexton). A novel combination of remote sensing and modeling were used to extend carbon accounting to tim-ber products in advance of potential climate agreements (Ling). Outsourcing manufacturing to China was shown to cause significantly higher CO2 emissions (Feng, Hubacek). The goal of climate mitigation in relevant global future scenarios was found to be helpful to future scenarios of biodiversity (Jantz). For COP21, we helped prep by participating in the NASA Carbon & Climate Media Briefing and were featured in a NASA feature video on carbon monitoring seen by over 170K viewers (Hurtt). GEOG and BSOS were represented at the event (Baiocchi) and we presented new remote sensing capabilities for forests (Hansen). Meanwhile the NASA-Carbon Monitoring System completed its 4th annual Science Team meeting (Hurtt), the GEDI Mission passed important milestones (Dubayah), our contribution to the GEO Global Agricultural Monitoring Monitoring Initiative was showcased in Mexico City (Becker-Reshef, Whitcraft) and in 2016, we are preparing for the NASA Land Use Cover Change Program to celebrate its 20th Anniversary (Justice). In early January, GEOG is organizing the first land use and remote sensing meeting in Myanmar (Vadrevu). With all this activity, campus is launching new initiatives as well, and the department is prepping to engage both on Climate and Big Data via the Joint Global Carbon Cycle Center, the GI Science Center, and other potential new activities.

View from the Chair, continued….

Words from the Research Director, George Hurtt



Forest carbon storage and biodiversity patterns are increasingly studied together as most carbon rich for-ests of the world are also biodiversity hotspots. Remote sensing technologies like lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) and radar are allowing scientists to measure 3D forest structure in unprecedented detail for im-proving estimates of carbon storage in trees and simultaneously predicting suitable habitats for wildlife species. Assistant Research Professor Anu Swatantran brings these two seemingly diverse research themes under one umbrella using innovative technologies and fusion approaches. She has been collabo-rating with Professor Ralph Dubayah and other researchers in the Vegetation Canopy Lab (VCL) and Global Ecosystems Lab (GEL) on many exciting research projects. One of them involves the use of a new technology called single photon lidar. Single photon lidar provides detailed 3D forest structure and terrain measurements over large areas and acquires data much faster and more efficiently than other lidar sys-tems. It is a significant technological development with many potential applications in carbon monitoring (e.g. REDD+ programs) and habitat mapping. Anu Swatantran and Research Associate Hao Tang evaluat-ed an experimental dataset acquired by Sigma Space over Garrett County in Maryland to determine the strengths and challenges in using single photon lidar for large-scale forest mapping. They developed novel algorithms to derive countywide forest structure and terrain attributes from the dataset. Extensive evalua-tions showed that the accuracies of these attributes were comparable to existing lidar data but single pho-ton lidar provided much more three-dimensional detail. Their findings suggested that once issues with solar noise and instrument calibrations are overcome, airborne single photon lidar could provide an accurate and cost-effective alternative to traditional lidar approaches for carbon monitoring. A publication on this re-search has been submitted to Nature Scientific Reports.

Carbon, Biodiversity and Cutting-Edge Technologies

Figure: 3D forest map from de-noised single photon lidar data.



In a related study, Anu Swatantran is exploring the relationships between forest structure and long-term presence of bird species in Garrett County. This study links lidar derived canopy metrics with Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data for over 150 species using machine-learning algorithms. For a subset of the birds (e.g. at risk species), the influences of vertical and spatial forest structure on nesting, foraging and residence are analyzed. These analyses will help in determining approaches for countywide habitat monitoring with lidar in addition to carbon monitoring (http://carbonmonitoring.umd.edu). They will also provide insights on habitat characteristics that can be obtained from future space-borne single photon lidar missions such as ICESat-2. The research team includes Dr. Qiongyu Huang, Dr. Wenli Huang, and Dr. Hao Tang.

Future space-borne lidar missions such as ICESat-2 and the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) will provide accurate but spatially scattered observations, unlike dense measurements from air-borne lidar. There is a need for newer and powerful algorithms to fuse lidar with other datasets to improve spatial coverage of forest maps for carbon and habitat studies. Anu Swatantran and Wenlu Qi are explor-ing novel data fusion approaches in collaboration with Assistant Professor Piya Pal from the Electrical En-gineering department. Funded by the UMD-NSF ADVANCE program, this research explores the use of modern signal processing theories like compressive sampling to recover forest structure from scattered lidar and continuous radar/multispectral imagery. Ultimately, these studies will help us harness cutting-edge technologies to monitor and preserve carbon and biodiversity in the Earth’s forests.

Despite the increasingly fervent debate regarding the trade relationship between China and the United States and its implications for the global political environment, it is evident that manufacturing goods in Chi-na and shipping them to developed countries has real-world consequences, particularly for the environment. University of Maryland researchers, Drs Kuishuang Feng and Klaus Hubacek in collaboration with others, have begun to quantify the magnitude of those impacts and published their findings in Nature Climate Change. Their study demonstrates that buying a product made in China causes significantly higher carbon dioxide emissions than purchasing the same product made elsewhere. For this study, researchers pay particular attention to Chinese provinces with high emissions intensity and suggest that developed economies could do a lot to alleviate carbon pollution by helping improve manufacturing practices in these provinces.

Carbon, Biodiversity and Cutting-Edge Technologies continued...

Outsourcing Manufacturing to China Results in High CO2 Emissions



The United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE: carpe.umd.edu) has been supporting sustainable natural resource management in priority conservation areas of the Congo Basin since 1995. Since CARPE’s inception, the Geographical Sci-ences Department at UMD, through NASA, has been a cross-cutting partner for CARPE, providing remote sensing and GIS expertise for forest cover and forest cover loss monitoring , modeling habitat for conserva-tion, and the investigating dynamics of land cover and land use change. This fall, the department received a new five year grant from NASA to continue this important work with Dr. Matt Hansen as Principal Investiga-tor.

The goal of this third and final phase of CARPE is to support Central Africa’s transition to climate-resilient, low-emissions development accelerated through sustainable management of biodiverse forests. In addition to supporting sustainable management of targeted forested landscapes, mitigating threats to biodiversity, and fostering good environmental governance, CARPE seeks to strengthen capacity to monitor forests, greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity.

One of the significant achievements of CARPE is the development of an automated satellite based forest cover mapping system for the Congo Basin, Forêts d’Afrique Centrale Evaluées par Télédétection (FACET) Dr. Matt Hansen began this work as a PhD student here at UMD, continued it during his tenure as Director of the GIS Center of Excellence at South Dakota State University, and then returned to the department with his team where they developed the Global Forest Change (GFC) mapping process for which FACET was the prototype. Dr. Hansen has consistently sought to establish operational capacity for satellite based forest cover monitoring in Central Africa, primarily through the Observatoire Satellital des Forêts d’Afrique Centra-le (OSFAC). OSFAC disseminates the FACET data products, publishes FACET atlases (on line at osfac.net), and provides in region training on the FACET method. CARPE supports the research of five graduate students in the department, two of whom are OSFAC alumni.

Yolande Munzimi (PhD candidate) is developing a hydrological model for the Congo River and characteriz-ing precipitation for the basin using remote sensing data as there is a very limited hydrological observation network in the region. In January of this year, Yolande visited Inga, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Province of Bas-Congo, where two hydroelectric dams are located. A third dam is planned and the massive Grand Inga hydropower facility is proposed for this site. Yolande recently published a paper entitled “Characterizing Congo Basin Rainfall and Climate Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Sat-ellite Data and Limited Rain Gauge Ground Observations” in the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Clima-tology.

Patrick Lola Amani (Faculty Specialist), former OSFAC remote sensing lab director, and recent graduate of the MPS program, serves as the technical liaison between OSFAC and UMD. Using remote sensing data, Patrick is investigating patterns of human settlement and methods for spatially allocating the human popu-lation across DRC. Patrick returns regularly to Central Africa to provide training in remote sensing and for-est monitoring for national institutions and OSFAC. He has also been assisting Drs (continued on page 6)

UMD-CARPE III: The Good Work Continues with New Five Year Grant



Hansen and Potapov with their undergraduate remote sensing laboratory classes.

Giuseppe Molinario (PhD student) is analyzing forest cover dynamics in the DRC, with particular focus on forest fragmentation. Giuseppe has de-veloped Landsat resolution forest fragmentation maps for the entire DRC, including a time series maps of the rural complex and its expansion over the last decade.

Sam Jantz (PhD student) and Dr. Janet Nackoney are working with the Jane Goodall Institute on a project funded by NASA to build a decision support system to monitor and forecast chimpanzee habitat and help guide conservation decisions for chimpanzees across West and Central Africa. Earth observations (30-meter resolution Landsat data) are integrated with a species-specific habitat model to forecast future land use change until 2030. Model calibration and validation are enhanced by crowd-sourced field data collected by local communities and protected area rangers using Android mobile smartphones and tablets.

Sasha Tyukavina (PhD candidate) successfully defended her dissertation, “Characterizing Forest Disturbance Dynamics in the Humid Tropics Using Optical and LIDAR Remotely Sensed Data Sets”, this April. Part of her work combined the Landsat-derived forest cover maps with GLAS data to estimate above ground carbon loss from forest disturbance for the DRC. This was an important contribution for the climate change component of CARPE as well as for DRC’s participation in REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation). A highlight of Sasha’s work as a student was her field data collection trip in 2014 to the forests of the Republic

of Congo (Geograffiti Spring 2014), re-search done in collaboration with the Mari-en Ngouabi University and supported by the SilvaCarbon program as well as CARPE. We congratulate Sasha on the successful completion of her PhD.

UMD-CARPE III: The Good Work Continues with New Five Year Grant continued...

Photos: (above) Yolande Munzimi at Inga, the largest waterfall in the world (by volume) and site of the pro-posed Grand Inga hydropower facility; (left) Tablets are distributed to local communities to collect field observa-tions of land use and chimpanzee oc-currence.

P A G E 7 DEPARTMENT RESERACH


Feeding the planet’s growing population is among the largest global challenges we face. To combat increasingly volatile markets and the threat they pose to food security, the G20 in 2011 formally endorsed Group on Earth Ob-servations Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) Initiative alongside the Agricultur-al Market Information System (AMIS). GEO-GLAM leverages satellite and in situ observations to provide timely, accurate, and policy-relevant information on global crop conditions, estimations and forecasts of crop production, and early warnings of crop failure. GEOGLAM is implemented through six components, three of which are core thematic components enabled by three cross cutting components (figure 1).

UMD Geographers have been involved in GEOGLAM before its inception. In fact, Professors Chris Justice and Inbal Becker-Reshef were instrumental in helping to build the global agricultural monitoring Community of Practice from the mid-2000’s onward, in developing a community research agenda, and in drafting the pro-posal for GEOGLAM that was ultimately endorsed by the G20. Since 2011, Dr. Justice has co-led Compo-nent 1, and in 2012 Dr. Becker-Reshef initiated the GEOGLAM Crop Monitor, an operational activity, with over 35 international partners, providing monthly reports on crop conditions to AMIS for inclusion in their trade-focused Market Monitor. She leads a versatile Crop Monitor team – including Brian Barker, Katie McGaughey, Mike Humber, Antonio Sanchez Galvez, and Patrick McDonough – which has built an interface that allows agricultural experts from around the world to report on crop conditions in their region of expertise, facilitating transparent and timely international assessments. The team assembles the analysts’ submissions, holds monthly telecons to reach international consensus on crop conditions, and generates a set of easy to understand maps and charts of crop conditions targeted for the policy and economics community. The GEO-GLAM Crop Monitor for AMIS is an outcome of multiple, collaborative iterations with AMIS to provide geospa-tial information and visualizations to a non-remote sensing audience, and is a good example of a demand-

driven science application, which has gained high-level support from a large range of countries and international or-ganizations (continued on page 8).

GEOG Provides Leadership in Global Agricultural Monitoring

Figure 2: The Synthesis Crop Condi-tions Map, as of November 28, 2015, from the Crop Monitor for AMIS. This illustrates the conditions for the four crops, and only shows a crop symbol where conditions are other than “Favourable.” Note poor conditions

P A G E 8 DEPARTMENT RESERACH


In the meantime, Dr. Alyssa Whitcraft (pictured below) has led Component 4 and served as the point of contact for agriculture with the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). Through this, she has worked with space agencies and monitoring experts alike to establish systems and procedures for satellite da-ta acquisition and dissemination. Crucial to this activity was the development of the satellite data requirements for agricultural monitoring and the evaluation of current satellite mission capacity to meet them, identifying potential gaps and opportunities (figure 3). Her current focus with the CEOS Ad Hoc Working Group for GEOGLAM is on developing and prototyping cloud-based solu-tions to data visualization and analysis, on refining the data re-quirements, and on advocating to the space agencies for broader and more frequent data acquisitions for GEOGLAM.

Since May 2015, both Drs. Becker-Reshef and Whitcraft have been seconded on a part-time basis to the GEOGLAM Secretariat to provide critical support to the Initiative’s Office, with NASA Ap-plied Sciences support. Dr. Becker-Reshef and her team have been leveraging their experience and success with the Crop Moni-tor for AMIS to prototype an Early Warning Crop Monitor for coun-tries at risk of food insecurity, through collaborations with FEWS NET, European Commission Joint Research Center, UN FAO, and

World Food Programme. This expansion from major production crops and areas (the AMIS focus) to food insecure areas and their nationally/regionally significant crops is an important progression of the GEOGLAM Initiative.

In November 2015 in Mexico City at GEO Plenary XII, GEOGLAM held a well-attended public outreach event and convened its exter-nal Advisory Committee for the first time. Composed of high-level officials from around the world, the Advisory Committee provided GEOGLAM with insight into how to ensure successful implementa-tion, including that it seek to formally expand its G20-recognized mandate from monitoring food production for trade/markets to food security. This suggestion resonates well with GEOGLAM’s structure and UMD’s efforts, and will shape the coming year’s activities in preparation for the November 2016 G20 in China. For more infor-mation on GEOGLAM, go to www.geoglam.org and follow @G20_GEOGLAM on Twitter.

GEOG Provides Leadership in Global Agricultural Monitoring continued….

Figure3: Where we can and cannot meet some of GEOGLAM’s data re-quirements using CEOS missions. (Whitcraft, Killough, Becker-Reshef, and Justice, 2015, Rem. Sens.)



The North American Forest Dynamics team has released the project Phase III data set through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). This “NAFD-NEX product” consists of 30-m, wall-to-wall forest disturbance maps for the conterminous U.S. over the time period 1986-2010. These maps were derived by analyzing 23,000+ Landsat images selected from over 150,000+ Land-sat acquisitions available for the spatial and temporal domains of the NAFD study, using the NASA Earth eXchange (NEX) cloud computing facility (https://c3.nasa.gov/nex/) housed at the NASA Ames Research Center. They capture moderate to severe changes in forest canopy cover caused by both natural events (e.g. forest fire, wind and snow storm, insect outbreak, etc.) and human activities (e.g. harvest, logging, urban development, etc.).

NAFD consisted of multiple studies led by Dr. Samuel Goward that have been funded within the context for the North American Carbon Program by NASA and other federal agencies for over a decade (2003-2015). It was conducted in collaboration with scientists from University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Ames Research Center, and USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain Research Stations. Its main goal is to quantify U.S. forest disturbance history and to reduce uncertainties in current understanding of the U.S. Carbon budget by constraining estimates of forest C stocks and flux-es. Early phases of NAFD focused on exploring the temporal richness of Landsat data for time series stud-ies, developing algorithms to produce high levels of spatial and spectral consistency among dense time series Landsat observations, and using those observations to track forest disturbance and recovery. Re-sults were validated through studies conducted over focal and sample locations selected across the U.S.

In 2011, Phase III of the NAFD study began, building off of phase I and II lessons and using the NASA NEX system to pro-duce an annual, wall-to-wall as-sessment of forest disturbances over the conterminous U.S. Phase III activities also included efforts led by NASA/GSFC and USDA Forest Service PNW and RMRS scientists to track post-disturbance recovery and deter-mine disturbance agents.

North American Forest Dynamics Study Releases an Annual Record of U.S. Forest Disturbance History over a Quarter Century

A time integrated view of forest disturbances over CONUS, with full resolution examples show-ing difference disturbance types mapped in the NAFD-NEX

P A G E 1 0 DEPARTMENT RESEARCH


The Global Land Analysis and Discovery Lab (GLAD) within the Department of Geographical Sciences G(GEOG) at the UMD in collaboration with the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and the Observatoire Satellital des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale (OSFAC) with support of USAID’s Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment (CARPE) provides technical assistance for using satellite data to map and monitor forests of the Republic of Congo in Central Africa. The Republic of Congo is committed to the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) of forests processes and is supported by the international community. The REDD+ process requires, among other things, the establishment of a Measurement, Re-porting and Verification (MRV) System in accordance with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) guidelines. The country is setting up strategic and technical tools to support that process in particular construction of a Forest Reference Emission Level which will integrate deforesta-tion and forest degradation into the calculation of the reference levels.

The detection of deforestation and forest degradation involves the identification of forest cover and its evo-lution over time in accordance with the definition of "forest" in the context of REDD+ based on three major criteria: minimum forest area of 0.50 ha, minimum tree height of 3 meters and minimum rate of tree crown cover of 30%.

From 30 August to 03 October 2015, Cherubim Brice Ouissika, Head of Mapping Bureau for CNIAF/MRV Expert, and Lill Teddy Diackabana, CNIAF/MRV Expert of the Republic of Congo, as well as André Mazin-ga and Cédric Singa of OSFAC came to UMD to work with GEOG’s Dr. Matt Hansen, Dr. Peter Potapov and Patrick Lola Amani. During the visit, the team produced an up-to-date map of forest cover and loss for the Republic of Congo us-ing the methodology and data compiled by the GLAD group. The Repub-lic of Congo presented this map at the COP21 Con-ference in Paris on cli-mate, representing the status and understanding of the Republic of Congo’s forest cover and trends in forest cover change. (continued on page 11)

Mapping Forest Cover and Loss in the Republic of Congo

Photo (left to right): Matthew Hansen, Andre Mazinga, Pat-rick Lola Amani, Cedric Singa and Lill Teddy Diackabana.

P A G E 1 1 DEPARTMENT RESEARCH


In addition to facilitating the Republic of Congo’s participation in REDD+, the specific objectives of the work group were: (1) to strengthen the capacity of CNIAF technicians to process remote sensing data for forest mapping, (2) to make a typology of forest stratification taking into account the definition adopted by the Re-public of Congo, (3) to map the extent and loss of forest cover in the Congo 2000-2014 and (4) to produce statistics on forest cover.

This collaborative work has been a successful experience and has proven to be the best way of engaging countries which have accepted the methodology of quantifying forest cover and loss developed by the GLAD group and seek to integrate it into their MRV system. In conclusion, the CNIAF and all the partners agreed to the following activities: a field mission in the Republic of Congo for validation of the loss map; validation using very high resolution RapidEye imagery of forest strata; implementation of the Alert System for the Republic of Congo; annual revisits of the of the current work to improve the techniques, production of estimates of carbon emissions by strata and mapping of settlement areas of the Republic of Congo.

The Earth is currently in the midst of its sixth mass extinction with the highest rates of species losses since the dinosaurs vanished 65 million years ago. The current extinction crisis is driven by human activities, pri-marily from habitat loss via land-cover and land use change; however, climate change could become the leading driver of extinctions in the future unless effective mitigation policies are implemented. How socie-ties will meet growing demands for food and fiber while simultaneously working to mitigate climate change may critically affect biodiversity by increasing land use activities in sensitive areas. This study, led by UMD PhD student Samuel Jantz, which began as a group project in George Hurtt's Landcover Land-Use Change course (GEOG 615), includes fellow UMD PhD students Qiongyu Huang and Rachel Moore, Fac-ulty Research Assistants Brian Barker and Jacob Noel, Assistant Research Professor Louise Chini, Profes-sor George Hurtt, and international expert Dr. Thomas Brooks of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The study assessed the potential impact of future land use scenarios including climate mitigation on the potential loss of habitable area in biodiversity hotspots, distinct biogeographic regions with extremely high numbers of endemic species, due to associated land-use changes till the end of the century. They estimated the loss of natural vegetative cover under four different climate change mitigation policy scenarios based on global gridded land-use data used in the latest IPCC report, and generated ex-tinction estimates by employing the species-area relationship. Relative to current estimates, they found natural vegetative cover in biodiversity hotspots could be reduced by an additional 26-58% and could re-sult in hundreds to thousands of additional extinctions by 2100. These estimates of potential future extinc-tions were driven by land use change only, and likely would be higher if the direct effects of climate change had been considered. They conclude future extinctions could potentially be reduced by incorporating habi-tat preservation into scenario development to reduce projected future land use changes in hotspots, or by lessening the impact of future land use activities on biodiversity within hotspots.

Mapping Forest Cover and Loss in the Republic of Congo continued...

New Study Investigates Potential Global Biodiversity Loss from Future Land-Use Change

P A G E 1 2 F IELD WORK


In September 2015, Dr. Janet Nackoney, Assistant Research Professor, traveled to Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to attend meetings and conduct field work for a collaborative project with the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) focused on building land use planning processes with local communities. The project is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)’s Central Africa Pro-gram for the Environment (CARPE). As part of the project, she helps build capacity for community mapping activities and forest conservation initiatives led by AWF near the village of Djolu in northern DRC. There is no system of land tenure in DRC; thus, its natural resources belong to the State. However, local communi-ties can formally request to manage their own community forests, following guidelines for forest zoning re-cently developed by the DRC Government. As DRC’s rural villages are often located in very remote and impoverished areas and lack necessary capacity to initiate such a process, Nackoney works directly with AWF partners and local community leaders to both teach community leaders how to develop land use management plans that adhere to national guidelines, and provide mapping tools that help the communi-ties map their land use activities and boundaries. Communities engage in the mapping process by creating hand-drawn maps that illustrate local knowledge, then supplement the maps with relevant geographic fea-tures identified from satellite imagery provided by UMD and from GPS data that are collected by the com-munities on foot. The final maps are then digitized and imported into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and the digital boundaries transferred to the DRC government for formal recognition.

As a separate component of the project, Nackoney helps AWF identify and map areas that are important for the conservation of bonobos living in the region. Bonobos are a species of great ape that are found only in the DRC. They are classified as endangered and are threatened by both bushmeat hunting and habitat loss. During her trip, Nackoney visited a biological field station directed by colleagues from the Primate Re-search Institute at Kyoto University in Japan, where habitat research on wild bonobos has been conducted since the 1970s. While there, she and AWF’s ecologist, Dr. Nakedi Maputla, accompanied bonobo expert Dr. Tetsuya Sakamaki in tracking one large family of bonobos living in the Wamba rainforest. The team began early in the morning and bush-whacked briskly through the forest, follow-ing local trackers who cleared a path via machete. The team observed the bonobos waking up from their nesting location, and followed them through the day, collecting data on the bonobos’ feeding activities and habitat use, while observing their play and taking rest when the bonobos rested. The experience greatly increased Nackoney’s knowledge of bonobos and fueled her en-thusiasm for conserving this very special species.

Assisting African Wildlife Foundation with

Forest Conservation Efforts in the DRC

Photo: Janet Nackoney and AWF Congo Director, Hugues Akpona

P A G E 1 3 F IELD WORK/STUDY ABROAD


In the summer of 2015, eight students and Lecturer, Mila Zlatic, ventured to China (pictured below with Bei-jing Normal University students). Students experienced first-hand the consequences of fast urbanization in China. They visited urban planning exhibition halls in both Beijing and Shanghai; attended lectures offered by faculty from various Universities including the University of Maryland - Beijing Normal University (UMD-BNU) Joint Global Change and Earth Systems Science Center on disaster reduction research, selected top-ics in human geography, as well as how GIS and remote sensing is applied in geographical research. The students had the opportunity to learn and discuss applications of geographical methods and techniques in science, and they conducted a survey at a ‘hutong’, and had numerous field trips in Beijing and its sur-rounding.

The group took a bullet train from Beijing to Shanghai and discussed new inner and intra city transportation developments. Additionally, they visited and observed fast growth and urbanization in Suzhou. UMD and BNU students collaborated and exchanged their study experiences, while fostering new friendships. All through the journey UMD students were introduced to cultural landmarks in China and discussed the signifi-cance of these predominantly urban structures in the context of modern urban development. Visits included the Great Wall, Summer Palace, Olympic Village, Forbidden City, Tiananmen Square, Temple of Heaven, the Yuyuan gardens, and Jing’an Temple in Shanghai. Students were also able to taste Chinese cuisine from every region visited. The China summer research program was a great success.

Since then, two students have been accepted into GEOG’s five year BS/MS program for the top undergrad-uate students majoring in geography or GIS. Five students have continued studying urbanization issues of China. They defended their honors thesis proposals at the beginning of the Fall semester and have contin-ued working on their honor thesis to the end of the semester. Finally, they will prepare their research results for papers and posters to be presented at the UMD research conference in April of 2016.

The Department is grateful to our Beijing partners for their assistance in organizing the program, the lec-tures, and time they devoted to make it possible for our students to gain this valuable experience studying in China. We are also thankful for the financial help our student received to participate in this unique research experience.

Third Year of Undergraduate Research Program in China a Success

P A G E 1 4 CONFERENCES/WORKSHOPS


Despite the recent attacks, the United Nations held the Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP21), No-vember 30 - December 11, 2015. This conference is crucial in that representatives from 190 countries at-tended to achieve, for the first time, “a legally binding and universal agreement on climate, with the aim of keeping global warming below 2 degrees C” (COP21Paris.org/about). Indeed, an agreement was reached, and GEOG Associate Professor, Giovanni Baiocchi, was in attendance. He stated that, “Although some of the language in the agreement is not as strong as one might have hoped… this agreement is still much more than many believed was possible. There is reason for optimism.” Emphasis is now on implementa-tion. The new Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Hoesung Lee, an econo-mist, is looking for, “inputs from the business, industry and finance where the messages from science and policy communities are interpreted and acted upon.” Lee wants to champion economic development and poverty reduction as well. These key points have been widely reaffirmed in Paris. A few actions that came out of the meeting and agreement that are relevant to our community at large are: 1) Support efforts to mitigate climate change at all levels (individually, department, university, city, etc.) 2) Understand the difference between limiting the increase in global temperatures over pre-industrial level to 2 and 1.5 degrees Celsius 3) Continue to gather evidence on dangerous climate change 4) Monitor carbon balance (important also for the 5-Year Reviews) 5) Support transfer of technology and finance to promote mitigation and adaptation 6) Put a price on carbon 7) Increase our understanding of local climate change, especially in developing countries 8) Increase the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change 9) Improve the way policy and scientific findings are communicated to the public Baiocchi also offered that, as an educational institution and in response to the agreement, we should con-tinue doing what we already do well: “Affirming the importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to

information and cooperation at all levels on the matters addressed in this Agreement" "Recognizing the importance of the engagements of all levels of government and various actors, in ac-

cordance with respective national legislations of Parties, in addressing climate change"

In our daily lives, "Recognizing that sustaina-ble lifestyles and sustainable patterns of con-sumption and production, with developed country Parties taking the lead, play an im-portant role in addressing climate change."

Post COP21 Paris: What’s Next?



On September 3, 2015, the Department of Relief, Disaster Preparedness and Management in the Office of the Prime Minister of Uganda, in partnership with the University of Maryland Department of Geographical Sciences, and Environmental Surveys, Information, Planning and Policy Systems (ESIPPS) International, hosted a high level stakeholders’ meeting to formally introduce the AgriSense-STARS project. The objec-tives of the meeting were to: A) introduce the AgriSense-STARS (Spurring a Transformation for Agriculture Through Remote Sensing) project and overview proposed methods for monitoring crop conditions for food security in Uganda to showcasing a pilot crop monitoring study in Moroto district in Karamoja region planned for the 2016-growing season; B) identify and engage potential key partners/stakeholders in the country to identify collaboration links; and C) identify avenues and possible contributions of AgriSense-STARS to current crop monitoring in Uganda.

The workshop - which assembled participants from key government ministries, departments and agencies, research institutions, development partners, academia and the private sector - was well received by stake-holders who deemed the project timely and unprecedented, recognizing the urgent need for crop monitor-ing that is lacking in capacity in Uganda and most importantly the avenues provided by remote sensing da-ta in filling these data gaps and providing near-real time information on crop conditions.

Representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries expressed interest and ur-gent need to implement AgriSense-STARS methods, tools and to make available monitoring products as they directly tie into the ministry’s mandate to monitor agriculture. The AgriSense-STARS team, which in-cludes Dr. Jan Dempewolf, Dr. Inbal Becker Reshef and PhD candidate Catherine Nakalembe, is now

working to rede-sign the monitor-ing plan for the 2016 season ex-panding to the en-tire Karamoja and Eastern Uganda region as per the recommendation of the Office of the Prime Minister which is rolling out several disaster risk management and early warning projects that AgriSense-STARS tools can contrib-ute to.

Workshop Introduces Agri-Sense-STARS Project and Plans to Monitor Crop Production in Uganda



The GOFC-GOLD Southeast Asia Regional Informational Network International Workshop took place August 4-7, 2015, in Bogor, Indonesia. The meeting focused on Impacts of Land Cover/Land Use Changes (LCLUC) on Greenhouse Gases/SLCP and Aerosols in the Asian region, and was sponsored by START International, Inc.; GOFC-GOLD program, USA; the National Institute of Environmental Studies, Japan; NASA, USA; the University of Maryland College Park, USA; and Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.

This highly successful meeting brought nearly 120 researchers from various countries including Vietnam, Malay-sia, Singapore, Thailand, India, China, Japan, Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines and Indonesia. The main objec-tive of the meeting was to discuss LCLUC and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols in the Asian region. The workshop was organized into six different sessions: 1) Regional and national science initia-tives; 2) Land Cover/Land Use Change, Forests and GHG emissions; 3) Inventories, Monitoring and Modeling of GHG’s and Air Pollution; 4) Vegetation Fires and Biomass Burning Emissions; 5) Aerosols and radiation, and 6) Regional Science Summary and South East Asia Regional Information Network (SEARRIN) – Research Priorities. Each session was chaired by international experts who are authorities in the discipline and commenced with invit-ed keynote presentations by field experts. The fourth day of the workshop included a field trip to Gudung Gede National Park to observe local LCLUC and biodiversity of the park.

The workshop recognized that our shared atmosphere and trans-boundary movement of pollutants require a re-gional approach to: 1) advancing the science to better understand the sources, processes and trends 2) develop-ing and evaluating approaches to mitigate the adverse effects of GHGs and aerosol pollutants from different sources, and 3) developing policy solutions. The workshop recommended increased communication between sci-entists within the region via collaborative projects and workshops to enable the sharing of local knowledge and data; the development of common methods; the development of increased capacity of scientists across the region to address common problems; the synthesis of scientific results and findings; the packaging of scientific infor-mation in ways that can inform policy and the public at both the regional and national level.

The workshop outputs included journal special issue papers in Environmental Research Let-ters to be edited by Drs. Krish-na Vadrevu and Toshimasa Ohara. All researchers working in the area of land use/cover changes, greenhouse-gas emissions, and aerosols in the Asia-region will be invited to contribute to the journal special issue and book. For more infor-mation, contact Krishna Vadre-vu at [email protected].

GEOG Represented at International Workshop on Air Quality in Asia in Indonesia

P A G E 1 7 TRA IN ING


Continuing a partnership through SilvaCarbon with the Bangladesh Forest Department, U.S. Forest Ser-vice, and USAID, Matt Hansen’s lab (http://glad.umd.edu/) hosted four forest officers from Bangladesh in October. The long-term goal of the project is to build a national forest monitoring program operated by the Bangladeshi forest officers. In February, Peter Potapov, LeeAnn King, and Amy Hudson travelled to the Bangladesh capital, Dhaka, to lead an introductory training on national forest mapping and monitoring us-ing the Landsat data archive and a decision tree classifier. Several participants from that training were se-lected to come to the University of Maryland (UMD) for a month to continue the training and to produce the final maps.

During their time here, Tariq Aziz, Asma Islam and Bablu Zzaman created an improved national forest types map, learned how to map forest loss and gain, and performed an initial validation of the national-scale forest maps. UMD Department of Geographical Sciences faculty and graduate students also provid-ed weekly seminars to explain the remote sensing concepts and an overview of the various projects being done in the lab. For the final week Baktiar Nur Siddiqui, a senior forestry officer, joined us to go over the methods and products to better understand their further implementation in Bangladesh.

For all four it was their first time in America, and they had the opportunity to enjoy many things here. They ventured up to New York City for a weekend to see friends, family, and the city; explored the monuments and museums in D.C.; and enjoyed a large bonfire in College Park. A number of us welcomed them into our homes and they, continuing to show spectacular hospitality even here, welcomed us over for delicious Bangladeshi food they prepared. This partnership will continue with another visit to Bangladesh in 2016 by the UMD research team.

Professor Matt Hansen participated for a second consecutive year in UMD’s College of Behavioral and So-cial Sciences (BSOS) Summer Research Initiative during the Summer of 2015, this time guiding two schol-

ars through the program (pictured left to right: Ricardo Aguilar, Matt Hansen, Chima Okpa). The scholars this year conducted research using data classification and visualization techniques under the guidance of Dr. Peter Potapov and research associates and assistants within the Global Land Analysis and Discovery Lab (GLAD). The SRI Program was created in 1999 by the BSOS Dean’s office to encourage and enhance the diversity of scholars working in the social and behavioral science fields.

UMD Trains Bangladeshi Forest Officers in Forest Mapping

Hansen Guides Scholars Through SRI Program

P A G E 1 8 EVENTS


On November 17, 2015, Dr. Samuel Goward, Professor Emeritus, was invited to provide testimony to Con-gress on the potential of developing a public-private partnership for future Landsat missions. The purpose of this hearing was to assess the viability of public-private partnerships to support the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Earth observation program. The primary congressional members in-cluded Brian Babin (R-Texas), Chairman, Subcommittee of Space; Jim Bridenstine (R-Oklahoma), Chair-man, subcommittee on Environment; Ranking Member, Donna Edwards (D-Maryland), subcommittee on Space, and Suzanne Bonamici (D-Oregon), subcommittee on Environment. Five witnesses were called to testify including Dr. Scott Pace, George Washington University; Dr. Walter Scott, Digital Globe; Mr. Robbie Schingler, Planetlabs; Dr. Anthony Busalacchi, ESSIC UMD, and Dr. Sam Goward, UMD (pictured below).

Dr. Goward started his testimony by noting that the Landsat mission is in many ways the Rodney Danger-field of NASA earth science missions (it gets no respect.). He noted that for nearly a half century Landsat missions have been dogged with the concept that Landsat has commercial potential. There have already been two failed efforts to commercialize the mission; in 1984 when NOAA transferred the mission to EOSAT and a second effort when the Landsat 8 (aka LDCM) mission was solicited. The first EOSAT effort failed after a decade for multiple reasons. The second, Landsat 8 effort failed when NASA rejected the sin-gle offer from Resource21, which offered no cost saving benefit to the government. Any additional efforts now to develop a public-partnership must start with an assessment of why the previous attempts at public-private partnerships failed.

In response to a question from subcommittee Chairman Bridenstine, Dr. Goward discussed his participa-tion in preparing a NASA Earth Venture-2 (EV-2) proposal to develop a smallsat companion to the Landsat mission with his colleague and former PhD student, Dr. Darrel Williams. Retired from NASA, where he served as Landsat Project Scientist for Landsat 7, Darrel now works as Chief Scientist at Global Science &

Technology Inc. in Greenbelt, Maryland. In collaboration with Surrey Satellite US (SST-US), they demonstrated that a com-panion mission could be built for less than $130 million. SST-US and GST later received funding from the NASA GSFC Sustaina-ble Architecture program to ex-pand this design to a fully com-patible smallsat mission with a cost of less than $250 million. Dr. Goward stated that even this approach would likely not have commercial potential until we achieve daily repeat cover-age with such observatories.

Goward Provides Congressional Testimony on Landsat; House Committee in Science, Space & Technology

P A G E 1 9 EVENTS


On November 5th, GEOG celebrated its first "Diwali – Festival of Lights," organized by Indian geographers with the help and support of several departmental colleagues. Diwali is a vibrant, Indian festival that symbolizes tri-umph, auspiciousness and prosperity. GEOG graduate students and faculty attended the event, which started with a welcome speech from the Chair, Dr. Chris Justice, followed by a presentation on the cultural significance of Diwali by Assistant Research Professor, Dr. Ritvik Sahajpal. Dr. Anu Swatantran, Assistant Research Profes-sor, performed a traditional welcome Bharatnatyam dance.

Various cultural performances followed including bollywood and hollywood songs sung by Umar Saeed, a visit-ing PhD student from Pakistan; a fusion of traditional and modern Bharatnatyam dance moves by graduate stu-dent, Sanjna Srivastava; a musical performance by grad students Amar Kurane, Rohan Khadilkar, Umer Saeed and Ibraheem Khan, and a guitar performance by graduate student, Suzanne Marselis.

Attendees also participated in traditional Diwali activities like painting of traditional clay lamps (diyas), coloring decorative designs (mandala and rangoli) led by PhD student Katelyn Dolan, traditional palm painting (mehendi) performed by Research Faculty Kusuma Prabhakara, and playing carrom (Indian board game) introduced by Faculty Specialist, Ashwan Reddy. Traditional Indian food, including special Diwali sweets and Chai, was en-joyed by all.

GEOG Celebrates the Diwali, the Festival of Lights

P A G E 2 0 EVENTS


Researchers in the Vegetation Canopy and Global Ecosystems Lab (VCL/GEL) experimented with Creative Lunch & Learn sessions on alternate Thursdays in 2015. The idea was to take a mini lunch break and socialize with col-leagues while learning something new and creating something valu-able. Twice per month, the lab was transformed into an open stu-dio with paints, brushes, soccer

balls, and creative food for scientific minds. There were activities like 10-minute R lessons, themed lunch-es, collaborative painting, and timed writing with prompts. Researchers unleashed their creativity on paper, right from scientific concepts to cultural experiences and abstract illusions. Themed lunches were equally successful. An ice cream social included stories on ice cream from different parts of the world with favor-ites being the Americone Dream and Caramel Gelato. An approaching thesis defense was celebrated with a ‘wrap-up’ potluck lunch where everyone brought tortilla wraps and fillings, then listened to presentation

ideas while chowing down and providing feedback. These loosely organized sessions provided a re-laxed atmosphere where conversation could be as creative and diverse as the art and food, often leading to impromptu brainstorming amongst col-leagues. Outdoor writing sessions on bright sum-mer afternoons helped researchers sharpen their writing skills and share nostalgic memories. While these activities were often unrelated to research, they inspired lab mates and improved the quality of their research. Creative Lunch & Learn could be initiated in other labs at small scales or become a department wide activity for everybody to enjoy.

GEOG Researchers Initiate ‘Creative Lunch and Learn’

Photos (left to right): Amanda Whitehurst, Laura Duncanson, Anika Cartas, Wenli Huang, Katelyn Dolan, Rachel Marks. Below: Art samples by VCL/GEL lab researchers.

P A G E 2 1 ALUMN I


Only two and a half years out of graduation, Dustin Picard has already traveled a great deal since begin-ning his career with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Since 2013, he has spent time in Asia, the South Pacific, along the west coast of South and Central America, and even above the Arctic Circle. Not only has he traveled to all corners of the world, but Dustin has gotten to do what he loves most at many of these exotic destinations -- scuba diving. Even better, he’s getting paid to do so!

During his senior year at UMD, Dustin attended a career fair and met a NOAA Officer. The two hit it off, influencing Dustin to begin his application process. When Dustin had his interview to be a Commissioned Corps Officer with NOAA, luckily enough, it was with the same Officer. With a previous connection to the interviewer, a strong background in marine science, years of diving experience, and a fervent passion for ocean conservation, Dustin secured the position.

As a NOAA Commissioned Corps Officer, Dustin has been assigned to NOAA’s flagship research vessel, the Ronald H. Brown. For two years, he has traveled everywhere the ship has gone, providing support and assistance to NOAA and academic scientists as they conduct their research. Among many memora-ble trips, Dustin’s favorite has been spending 22 days above the Arctic Circle this summer, at the same time that President Obama was there. “We saw sea ice, and walruses and polar bears,” he recalls, “it was like living the discovery channel. It was really cool to see it.”

Beyond the sensational views, one of the biggest perks of Dustin’s job is that he gets to meet and learn from some of the most respected oceanographic researchers in the world. It's through these connections that Dustin has figured out what comes next after his two year stint on the Ronald H. Brown comes to a close. In January, he’ll begin working at the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the Gulf of Mexico, the most northern coral reef system in the world. Dustin will serve as the Vessel and Dive Op-erations Coordinator, ensuring that the research boats are ready to sail, and acting as the lead diver for research teams. “It will be enjoyable to just get my hands back into what I really want to do - coral reef research,” Dustin says. At Maryland, ENSP marine and coastal was an obvi-ous choice for Dustin, and he looks back on the pro-gram, and especially its staff, very fondly. “Dr. Whit-temore was great. She actually took an interest in all of her students and got to know them personally . . . Dr. James’ passion and excitement set the culture in his classes . . . Professor Goger encouraged me to continue following my passion for ocean conserva-tion,” he recalls. While at school, Dustin was not only an ENSP major, but also a TA, an orientation advi-sor, a member of Greek life, and a College Park Scholar. (continued on page 22)

Catching up with Ensign Dustin Picard

P A G E 2 2 ALUMN I


As for memorable classes, he credits a geography study abroad class that he took sophomore year as “the biggest influence” on him during college. It was a 10 day course studying the cultural and physical geography of the southern Caribbean islands. After taking it him-self, Dustin served as the course’s TA for two years, which helped him devel-op strong leadership skills and learn how to motivate others. As someone who was highly engaged during his col-lege years, Dustin’s advice to current ENSP students is to “Never stop learn-ing, never stop networking, never stop exploring, and get involved as much as you can. Follow your passions and the rest will fall into place.”

While Dustin is very excited to begin his new job in January, he’s keeping his long term career goals in mind. He plans to pursue a Master’s, and ultimately a PhD, in marine conservation with the intent of eventu-ally becoming a UMD Professor. Asked what draws him to teaching, Dustin replies, “I want to help inspire future generations of marine conservationists.”

Brian Ross Melchior passed away on October 24, 2015, after a year-long battle with gastric cancer. Brian received both his B.S. in Environmental Science and Policy and his M.A. in Geography from UMD College Park. Brian had a success-ful research career which included periods at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Earth Science Application Center (RESAC), the U.S. National Ice Center/U.S. Navy, and the Joint Global Change Research Institute. For the past five years, he served as Maritime Geographer at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. His many accomplishments included successful negotiations of maritime boundary agreements and the production of several reports and papers on mari-time limits and boundaries. Brian was a passionate environmentalist and enjoyed outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling and camping. He is survived by his wife, Minnie Wong. GEOG joins Brian’s family and friends in honoring him through memorial contributions to the Brian R. Melchior Memorial Endowed Research

Fund for Geographical Sciences. To make an online donation, please visit: go.umd.edu/Melchior

Catching up with Ensign Dustin Picard continued...

Endowed Memorial Fund Established to Honor Passing Of Former GEOG Researcher, Brian Melchior

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GEOGRAFFITI is published two times annually during the academ-ic year by the Department of Geographical Sciences at the Uni-versity of Maryland for faculty, staff, students, alumni and others interested in the work of the De-partment. Letters are welcome. Edited by Katie Doyle. The next scheduled issue is for Spring 2016. Please send news items for future issues to Katie Doyle, University of Maryland, Department of Geo-graphical Sciences, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Park, MD 20742. Phone: 301-405-7473; or [email protected]


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