Winter Final Winter Final ReviewReview

Good luck…but if you study Good luck…but if you study you won’t need luck!you won’t need luck!

Key TermsKey Terms

River Valley Civilizations-River Valley Civilizations- where the 1 where the 1stst civilizations begancivilizations began

Neolithic Revolution-Neolithic Revolution- shift from hunting- shift from hunting-gathering to farminggathering to farming

Twelve Tables-Twelve Tables- Roman Laws Roman Laws Ten Commandments-Ten Commandments- Jewish laws given Jewish laws given

by Godby God Printing Press-Printing Press- by Johan Gutenberg by Johan Gutenberg Magna Carta-Magna Carta- limited the power of the king limited the power of the king

Key TermsKey Terms

Code of Hammurabi-Code of Hammurabi- 1 1stst set of laws set of laws Monotheistic- Monotheistic- 1 god1 god Caste System-Caste System- India’s social system India’s social system

brought by the Aryansbrought by the Aryans Feudal System-Feudal System- Medieval Europe Medieval Europe

social/political systemsocial/political system Enlightenment- Enlightenment- new political/economic new political/economic

ideasideas Eightfold Path-Eightfold Path- to give up selfish human to give up selfish human

desires and follow this pathdesires and follow this path

Key TermsKey Terms

PolytheisticPolytheistic- more than one god- more than one god DemocracyDemocracy- rule of the many- rule of the many Four Noble Truths-Four Noble Truths- explain life’s meaning explain life’s meaning Black Death-Black Death- Bubonic Plage killed 1/3 of Bubonic Plage killed 1/3 of

Europe’s populationEurope’s population Columbian Exchange-Columbian Exchange- spread of foods and spread of foods and

ideas between the new world and old worldideas between the new world and old world RepublicRepublic- government where people vote - government where people vote

for their leader (who is not a king)for their leader (who is not a king)

Key PeopleKey People

SocratesSocrates- Greek philosopher who - Greek philosopher who was a teacherwas a teacher

PlatoPlato- Greek philosopher & student - Greek philosopher & student of Socratesof Socrates

AristotleAristotle- Greek philosopher & - Greek philosopher & student of Platostudent of Plato

Key PeopleKey People

Siddhartha Gautama-Siddhartha Gautama- Buddha- Buddha- “the Enlightened One”“the Enlightened One”

ConfucianConfucian- establish a philosophy - establish a philosophy based on what he believed was the based on what he believed was the basic order of the universebasic order of the universe

MachiavelliMachiavelli- wrote - wrote The PrinceThe Prince- told - told kings to do whatever it took to keep kings to do whatever it took to keep his powerhis power

Key PeopleKey People

Galileo-Galileo- said the sun was the center said the sun was the center of the universeof the universe

Martin Luther-Martin Luther- started the started the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Protestant Reformation with his 95 ThesisThesis

John Locke-John Locke- believed everyone is believed everyone is born with natural rightsborn with natural rights

1. What are the 6 Characteristics 1. What are the 6 Characteristics of Civilization?of Civilization?

1.1. CitiesCities

2.2. GovernmentGovernment

3.3. ReligionReligion

4.4. Social structureSocial structure

5.5. WritingWriting

6.6. ArtArt

2. Where did the first civilizations 2. Where did the first civilizations develop? Why did they start develop? Why did they start there?there?

-River Valley Civilizations-River Valley Civilizations- They had fertile soil, fresh water, and They had fertile soil, fresh water, and

warm climateswarm climates

3. What triggered the Neolithic 3. What triggered the Neolithic Revolution?Revolution?

-Grow food and domesticate animals-Grow food and domesticate animals

4. Which Greek City-State did 4. Which Greek City-State did America get the idea of America get the idea of Democracy from?Democracy from?

-Athens-Athens

5. How did Greece’s geography 5. How did Greece’s geography influence the ancient Greek’s influence the ancient Greek’s development?development?

-mountains made civilizations isolated -mountains made civilizations isolated so city-states formedso city-states formed

6. How did Italy’s geography influence 6. How did Italy’s geography influence Rome’s development?Rome’s development?

- The central location in the Mediterranean The central location in the Mediterranean Sea helped them control tradeSea helped them control trade

7. How does Buddha believe one can 7. How does Buddha believe one can achieve Enlightenment/Nirvana?achieve Enlightenment/Nirvana?-abandoning their selfish desires and -abandoning their selfish desires and following the Eightfold Pathfollowing the Eightfold Path

8. What do Hinduism and Buddhism 8. What do Hinduism and Buddhism have in common? have in common?

-They both believe in reincarnation -They both believe in reincarnation

99 ReligionReligion SimilaritiesSimilarities DifferencesDifferences

JudaismJudaism MonotheisticMonotheistic Waiting on Waiting on the Messiah the Messiah

ChristianityChristianity MonotheisticMonotheistic Jesus is the Jesus is the MessiahMessiah

IslamIslam MonotheisticMonotheistic Jesus is just a Jesus is just a profitprofit

HinduismHinduism ReincarnationReincarnation PolytheisticPolytheistic

Caste SystemCaste System

BuddhismBuddhism ReincarnationReincarnation No godNo god

ConfucianismConfucianism Not a religionNot a religion

10. What religion is associated 10. What religion is associated with the caste system?with the caste system?

- HinduismHinduism

11. 11. RomeRome SimilaritiesSimilarities HanHan

ChristianityChristianity

Latin was not Latin was not forced on forced on conquered conquered peoplepeople

-Invasions -Invasions

-Political -Political weaknessweakness

-Economic -Economic problemsproblems

-Military -Military declinedecline

Buddhism & Buddhism & ConfucianismConfucianism

Chinese Chinese became the became the language of language of conquered conquered peoplepeople

12. What were some of the effects 12. What were some of the effects of the fall of Rome?of the fall of Rome?- economic disorder and weak central - economic disorder and weak central governmentgovernment

13. What does it mean to be an 13. What does it mean to be an advanced civilization?advanced civilization?

- to have advanced buildings, written - to have advanced buildings, written language and governmentlanguage and government

14. What caused the Dark Ages in 14. What caused the Dark Ages in Europe?Europe?-The fall of Rome-The fall of Rome

15.What religion started in the 15.What religion started in the Byzantine Empire?Byzantine Empire?

-Eastern Orthodox Christianity-Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Feudal System vs Caste Feudal System vs Caste System System

King

Noble/Lord

Knight

Serf/Peasant

BrahminsPriests

KshatriyasWarriors

VaisyasHerders, farmers, merchants,

craftspeople

Sudras/ UntouchablesFarm workers, servants, laborers

16. What are the similarities and 16. What are the similarities and differences between the caste differences between the caste system and the feudal system?system and the feudal system?

--SimilaritiesSimilarities

- social and political system- social and political system

- born into social class- born into social class

--DifferencesDifferences

-Caste system you can not change -Caste system you can not change your classyour class

17. What were the effects of the 17. What were the effects of the crusades?crusades?

-Increased trade between Europe and -Increased trade between Europe and AsiaAsia

18. What was the role of the Catholic 18. What was the role of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?Church during the Middle Ages?

-provided stability, unity, and order-provided stability, unity, and order

19. What are the characteristics of 19. What are the characteristics of the feudal system?the feudal system?

-land in exchange for service-land in exchange for service

- loyalty to lord- loyalty to lord

20. What was a major goal of the 20. What was a major goal of the Crusades?Crusades?

-to recapture the Holy Land-to recapture the Holy Land

21. What two things helped the Black 21. What two things helped the Black Plague spread to Europe?Plague spread to Europe?

- Trade from Asia and Rats- Trade from Asia and Rats

22. What were the causes of the 22. What were the causes of the Protestant Reformation?Protestant Reformation?

-Sale of indulgences, corruption of the Church-Sale of indulgences, corruption of the Church

23. What were the effects of the printing 23. What were the effects of the printing press?press?

- spread of secular ideas, printing in the - spread of secular ideas, printing in the vernacular, literacy rates increasedvernacular, literacy rates increased

24. List the 7 Enlightenment 24. List the 7 Enlightenment thinkers with their central ideas.thinkers with their central ideas.

-John Locke- Natural Rights-John Locke- Natural Rights

-Thomas Hobbes- Sovereign Authority-Thomas Hobbes- Sovereign Authority

-Rousseau- Social Contract-Rousseau- Social Contract

-Montesquieu- Separation of Powers-Montesquieu- Separation of Powers

-Voltaire- Religious Tolerance-Voltaire- Religious Tolerance

-Blackstone- Common Law-Blackstone- Common Law

-Adam Smith- Free Market Economy-Adam Smith- Free Market Economy

25. Why did the English nobles 25. Why did the English nobles make King John sign the Magna make King John sign the Magna Carta?Carta?

-he was abusing his powers…to limit -he was abusing his powers…to limit the powers of the kingthe powers of the king

26. What were the effects of 26. What were the effects of European exploration on the European exploration on the Native American population?Native American population?

-it decreased due to diseases and -it decreased due to diseases and warfare warfare

Don’t forget to Study!!!!Don’t forget to Study!!!!