WIRE BENDING WIRE BENDING PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

AND AND INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION

BYBY dr shabeel pndr shabeel pn

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WIRE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WIRE BENDINGBENDING

IMPORTANCE OF BASIC WIRE IMPORTANCE OF BASIC WIRE BENDING EXERCISESBENDING EXERCISES

PLIERS USED FOR WIRE BENDINGPLIERS USED FOR WIRE BENDING WIRE BENDING METHODWIRE BENDING METHOD ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERSADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERS

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF WIRE BENDINGWIRE BENDING

AII BENDS IN ORTHODONTIC WIRES ARE AII BENDS IN ORTHODONTIC WIRES ARE PLACED BY THE FINGERS, PLIERS ARE PLACED BY THE FINGERS, PLIERS ARE MEANT TO HOLD THE WIRE FIRMLY AND MEANT TO HOLD THE WIRE FIRMLY AND ASSIST IN WIRE BENDING.ASSIST IN WIRE BENDING.

ALWAYS HOLD THE PLIER USING A PALM ALWAYS HOLD THE PLIER USING A PALM GRIP.GRIP.

BEFORE STARTING TO BEND THE WIRE, BEFORE STARTING TO BEND THE WIRE, ESTABLISH A FIRM GRIP OVER THE WIRE.ESTABLISH A FIRM GRIP OVER THE WIRE.

IN GENERAL,SHARP BENDS SHOULD BE IN GENERAL,SHARP BENDS SHOULD BE AVOIDED TO PREVENT INCORPORATION AVOIDED TO PREVENT INCORPORATION OF STRESSES WHICH CAN LEAD TO THE OF STRESSES WHICH CAN LEAD TO THE FRACTURE OF THE WIRE LATER.FRACTURE OF THE WIRE LATER.

IT IS EASIER TO MAKE A BEND BY IT IS EASIER TO MAKE A BEND BY PUSHING THE WIRE, RATHER PUSHING THE WIRE, RATHER THAN PULLING THE WIRE.THAN PULLING THE WIRE.

USE PROPER BEAK OF THE PLIER USE PROPER BEAK OF THE PLIER TO HOLD THE WIRE BEFORE TO HOLD THE WIRE BEFORE PLACING THE BENDS.PLACING THE BENDS.

PRECISE MARKING IS NECESSARY PRECISE MARKING IS NECESSARY BEFORE MAKING ANY BENDS.BEFORE MAKING ANY BENDS.

TO MAKE A RIGHT ANGLED BENT;TO MAKE A RIGHT ANGLED BENT; MARK THE POSITION WHERE MARK THE POSITION WHERE

THE BENT SHOULD BE MADE, HOLD THE BENT SHOULD BE MADE, HOLD THE WIRE FIRMLY WITH THE PLIER, THE WIRE FIRMLY WITH THE PLIER, PUSH THE WIRE CLOSE TO THE PUSH THE WIRE CLOSE TO THE PLIER USING THE THUMB AND PLIER USING THE THUMB AND FOREFINGER.FOREFINGER.

TO MAKE ACUTE BENDSTO MAKE ACUTE BENDS;; MAKE A RIGHT ANGLED BEND, MAKE A RIGHT ANGLED BEND,

THEN WITHDRAW THE PLIER THEN WITHDRAW THE PLIER SLIGHTLY AWAY FROM THE MARK SLIGHTLY AWAY FROM THE MARK AND CLOSE THE ANGLE.AND CLOSE THE ANGLE.

TO MAKE A SHORT CURVE BENDTO MAKE A SHORT CURVE BEND;; HOLD THE WIRE FIRMLY HOLD THE WIRE FIRMLY

WITH THE PLIER AND MAKE THE WITH THE PLIER AND MAKE THE BEND WITH THE FINGERS.BEND WITH THE FINGERS.

TO MAKE CIRCLE OR ARC OF A TO MAKE CIRCLE OR ARC OF A CIRCLE;CIRCLE;

THEY ARE MADE WITH THE THEY ARE MADE WITH THE FINGERS ONLYFINGERS ONLY

IMPORTANCE OF BASIC IMPORTANCE OF BASIC WIRE BENDING EXERCISESWIRE BENDING EXERCISES

1 1 STRAIGHTENING OF WIRESTRAIGHTENING OF WIRE;; WIRES-SUPPLIED IN ROLLS, WIRES-SUPPLIED IN ROLLS,

ALL THE WIRE BENDING HAS TO ALL THE WIRE BENDING HAS TO BE STARTED ON A STRAIGHT BE STARTED ON A STRAIGHT WIRE.WIRE.

2 MAKING A SQUARE/ RECTANGLE2 MAKING A SQUARE/ RECTANGLE;; RIGHT ANGLED BENDS.RIGHT ANGLED BENDS.3 MAKING A TRIANGLE3 MAKING A TRIANGLE;; ACUTE ANGLED BENDSACUTE ANGLED BENDS

4 MAKING A CIRCLE4 MAKING A CIRCLE;; SHORT CURVED BENDS, LABIAL SHORT CURVED BENDS, LABIAL

BOW, PALATAL BOW etc.BOW, PALATAL BOW etc.5 ‘ U’ LOOPS AND ‘V’ LOOPS5 ‘ U’ LOOPS AND ‘V’ LOOPS;; MARK AND MAKE PRECISE MARK AND MAKE PRECISE

BENDS AT SHORT INTERVALSBENDS AT SHORT INTERVALS6 MAKING COILS6 MAKING COILS;; COILS OF SPRINGS, LABIAL BOW COILS OF SPRINGS, LABIAL BOW

MODIFICATION etc.MODIFICATION etc.

PLIERS USED FOR WIRE PLIERS USED FOR WIRE BENDINGBENDING

ESSENTIAL PLIERS ESSENTIAL PLIERS YOUNG’S LOOP BENDING PLIER/ UNIVERSAL PLIER YOUNG’S LOOP BENDING PLIER/ UNIVERSAL PLIER

ADAMS PLIER ADAMS PLIER CLSP ADJUSTING PLIER/ ADERER PLIER/ 3PRONG CLSP ADJUSTING PLIER/ ADERER PLIER/ 3PRONG

PLIERPLIER HEAVY WIRE CUTTERHEAVY WIRE CUTTER OPTIONAL PLIERSOPTIONAL PLIERS ADAM’S CLASP BENDING PLIERADAM’S CLASP BENDING PLIER ARROW CLASP FORMING AND BENDING PLIERSARROW CLASP FORMING AND BENDING PLIERS LOOP FORMING PLIERLOOP FORMING PLIER NANCE LOOP CLOSING PLIERNANCE LOOP CLOSING PLIER RUHLAND LOOP FORMING PLIERRUHLAND LOOP FORMING PLIER

CLASP ADJUSTING/ADERER/

3 PRONG PLIER

ADAM’S CLASP BENDING PLIER

1 2

3 4

FORMATION OF ADAM’S CLASP USING ADAM’S CLASP ADJUSTING PLIER

ARROW CLASP FORMING PLIER

FORMATION OF ARROW HEAD USING ARROW CLASP FORMING & BENDING PLIERS

ARROW CLASP BENDING PLIER

NANCE LOOP CLOSING PLIER

LOOP FORMING PLIER

RUHLAND LOOP

FORMING PLIER

COFFIN SPRING

CHECK LIST FOR THE CHECK LIST FOR THE SELECTION OF PLIERSSELECTION OF PLIERS

STAINLESS STEEL PLIERS ARE PREFERRED STAINLESS STEEL PLIERS ARE PREFERRED OVER THE STAINLESS STEEL PLATED OVER THE STAINLESS STEEL PLATED PLIERS.PLIERS.

CARBIDE TIPS/ TUNGSTEN CARBIDE TIPS CARBIDE TIPS/ TUNGSTEN CARBIDE TIPS ARE PREFERRED FOR CUTTING ARE PREFERRED FOR CUTTING INSTRUMENTS.INSTRUMENTS.

THE BEAKS OF PLIER OR THAT OF A THE BEAKS OF PLIER OR THAT OF A CUTTER SHOULD BE CLOSE TO ONE CUTTER SHOULD BE CLOSE TO ONE ANOTHER WITHOUT ANY SPACE IN ANOTHER WITHOUT ANY SPACE IN BETWEEN WHEN THEY ARE CLOSED. BETWEEN WHEN THEY ARE CLOSED.

WIRE BENDING METHODWIRE BENDING METHODWIRE MAY BE FORMED IN TWO WIRE MAY BE FORMED IN TWO

WAYS;WAYS;1.SPECIAL PLIERS1.SPECIAL PLIERS2.VERY SIMPLE BUT STRONG AND 2.VERY SIMPLE BUT STRONG AND

ACCURATE PLIER.ACCURATE PLIER.

ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERSADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERSESSENTIAL FEATURESESSENTIAL FEATURES;; MADE OF A STEEL THAT IS HARDER THAN MADE OF A STEEL THAT IS HARDER THAN

THE WIRES THAT THEY WILL BE USED YO THE WIRES THAT THEY WILL BE USED YO FORM.FORM.

THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE HINGE PIN THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE HINGE PIN AND THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS IS SHORT.-AND THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS IS SHORT.-22mm IS THE OPTIMUM LENGTH.22mm IS THE OPTIMUM LENGTH.

THE HANDLES ARE WIDE AND COMFORTABLE THE HANDLES ARE WIDE AND COMFORTABLE TO HOLD.TO HOLD.

THE SIDES OF THE BEAK MUST BE FLAT.THE SIDES OF THE BEAK MUST BE FLAT. THE SHAPES OF THE BEAK MUST BE AS THE SHAPES OF THE BEAK MUST BE AS

SHOWN IN FIGURE.SHOWN IN FIGURE.

THE EDGES OF THE GRASPING SURFACES THE EDGES OF THE GRASPING SURFACES OF THE BEAKS MUST BE SHARP AND NOT OF THE BEAKS MUST BE SHARP AND NOT BEVELLED OR ROUNDED.BEVELLED OR ROUNDED.

THE GRASPING SURFACES OF THE BEAKS THE GRASPING SURFACES OF THE BEAKS SHOULD BE MAT FINISHED.SHOULD BE MAT FINISHED.

WHEN THE BEAKS ARE CLOSED, THE TIPS WHEN THE BEAKS ARE CLOSED, THE TIPS SHOULD BE IN CONTACT BUT THERE SHOULD BE IN CONTACT BUT THERE SHOULD BE A SLIGHT GAP AT THE HINGE SHOULD BE A SLIGHT GAP AT THE HINGE END OF THE BEAKS TAPERING DOWN END OF THE BEAKS TAPERING DOWN EVENLY TO CONTACT AT THE TIPS.EVENLY TO CONTACT AT THE TIPS.

THIS GAP AT THE HINGE SHOULD BE 0.6mm [AT THIS GAP AT THE HINGE SHOULD BE 0.6mm [AT THE WIDEST PART] SO THAT WHEN THE TIPS OF THE WIDEST PART] SO THAT WHEN THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS ARE OPEN TO 1.0mm THE INNER THE BEAKS ARE OPEN TO 1.0mm THE INNER SURFACES OF THE BEAKS ARE PARALLEL. IT IS SURFACES OF THE BEAKS ARE PARALLEL. IT IS THUS POSSIBLE TO GRASP A 1.0mm WIRE.THUS POSSIBLE TO GRASP A 1.0mm WIRE.

THE SIDES OF THE BEAKS SHOULD BE THE SIDES OF THE BEAKS SHOULD BE PERFECTLY FLAT.PERFECTLY FLAT.

THE HINGE OF THE PLIERS SHOULD BE STRONG THE HINGE OF THE PLIERS SHOULD BE STRONG WITHOUT BEING TOO BULKY & THE HANDLES WITHOUT BEING TOO BULKY & THE HANDLES LARGE & COMFORTABLE WITHOUT MAKING THE LARGE & COMFORTABLE WITHOUT MAKING THE PLIERS HEAVY & CLUMSY TO HANDLE.PLIERS HEAVY & CLUMSY TO HANDLE.

AN OVERALL LENGTH OF 5 ¼ INCH IS ABOUT AN OVERALL LENGTH OF 5 ¼ INCH IS ABOUT RIGHT. RIGHT.

1.25 mm

2.5 mm

ADAM’S UNIVERSAL

PLIER

50O

13.5 mm

23 mm

GAP0.55-0.6 mm

15 mm

8.5mm

9.0mm

ADAM’S UNIVERSAL

PLIER

FORMING WIRE WITH FORMING WIRE WITH ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIER

WIRE IS BEND WITH THIS PLIER BY WIRE IS BEND WITH THIS PLIER BY HOLDING IT IN ONE HAND AND APPLYING HOLDING IT IN ONE HAND AND APPLYING PRESSURE WITH THE THUMB OF THE PRESSURE WITH THE THUMB OF THE OTHER HAND, WRAPPING THE FINGERS OTHER HAND, WRAPPING THE FINGERS ROUND THE FREE END OF THE WIRE TO ROUND THE FREE END OF THE WIRE TO AID COMPLETE CONTROL OF THE BEND.AID COMPLETE CONTROL OF THE BEND.

WIRE IS NEVER BEND AROUND THE ENDS WIRE IS NEVER BEND AROUND THE ENDS OF ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERS. WIRE IS OF ADAM’S UNIVERSAL PLIERS. WIRE IS BEND UPON ITSELF, USING THE BEND UPON ITSELF, USING THE PROPERTIES OF THE WIRE TO OBTAIN THE PROPERTIES OF THE WIRE TO OBTAIN THE REQUIRED FORM. REQUIRED FORM.

SMOOTH CURVESSMOOTH CURVES BY HOLDING THE END OF THE ARCH BY HOLDING THE END OF THE ARCH

WIRE IN THE PLIERS AND WIPING A WIRE IN THE PLIERS AND WIPING A BEND IN TO THE WIRE USING THE BEND IN TO THE WIRE USING THE THUMB OF THE OTHER HAND .THUMB OF THE OTHER HAND .

SMOOTH BENDSSMOOTH BENDS BY MAKING A SERIES OF SMALL BY MAKING A SERIES OF SMALL

BENDS , ADDING THEM IN TO A GENTLE BENDS , ADDING THEM IN TO A GENTLE BEND UP TO A FULL CIRCLE. BEND UP TO A FULL CIRCLE.

RIGHT ANGLE BENDSRIGHT ANGLE BENDS BY LAYING THE WIRE ACROSS BY LAYING THE WIRE ACROSS

THE BEAKS OF THE PLIERS , THE BEAKS OF THE PLIERS , HOLDING AND BENDING THROUGH HOLDING AND BENDING THROUGH A RIGHT ANGLE .A RIGHT ANGLE .

LIGHT WIRES – BEND NEAR THE TIPS LIGHT WIRES – BEND NEAR THE TIPS OF THE BEAKSOF THE BEAKS

HEAVIER WIRES – NEAR THE HINGE.HEAVIER WIRES – NEAR THE HINGE.

ACUTE BENDSACUTE BENDS

HEAVY WIRES:-ARE FAST BEND TO A HEAVY WIRES:-ARE FAST BEND TO A RIGHT ANGLE , THE WIRE IS THEN RIGHT ANGLE , THE WIRE IS THEN LAID OBLIQUELY ALONG THE LENGTH LAID OBLIQUELY ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE BEAKS IS USED TO HOLD THE OF THE BEAKS IS USED TO HOLD THE WIRE WHICH IS THEN BENT OVER THE WIRE WHICH IS THEN BENT OVER THE TIPS OF THE BEAK IN TO AN ANGLE OF TIPS OF THE BEAK IN TO AN ANGLE OF THE REQUIRED ACUTENESS.THE REQUIRED ACUTENESS.

CLOSURE OF ANGLESCLOSURE OF ANGLES THE ANGLE IS CLOSED SO THAT THE THE ANGLE IS CLOSED SO THAT THE

LIMBS LIE PARALLEL, - THE BEND IS LIMBS LIE PARALLEL, - THE BEND IS COMPRESSED BETWEEN THE BEAKS OF THE COMPRESSED BETWEEN THE BEAKS OF THE PLIERS.PLIERS.

CORRECTION OF AN INCORRECT BENDCORRECTION OF AN INCORRECT BEND THE INCORRECT PORTION OF THE BEND IS THE INCORRECT PORTION OF THE BEND IS

GRIPPED IN THE TIPS OF THE PLIERS & GRIPPED IN THE TIPS OF THE PLIERS & SQUEEZED. THIS STRAIGHTENS THE SMALL SQUEEZED. THIS STRAIGHTENS THE SMALL SECTION OF THE WIRE WITHOUT SECTION OF THE WIRE WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH THE REMAINDER OF THE INTERFERING WITH THE REMAINDER OF THE BEND. THE WIRE IS THEN BENT AT THE BEND. THE WIRE IS THEN BENT AT THE CORRECT POINT.CORRECT POINT.

HOOKHOOK BY MAKING A RIGHT ANGLE & AN BY MAKING A RIGHT ANGLE & AN

ACUTE ANGLE BEND. – NO ACUTE ANGLE BEND. – NO SPECIALIZED PLIERS ARE REQUIRED. SPECIALIZED PLIERS ARE REQUIRED.

ACUTE BENDS IN FINE WIRESACUTE BENDS IN FINE WIRES BY FIRST MAKING A RIGHT ANGLED BY FIRST MAKING A RIGHT ANGLED

BEND . THE3 WIRE IS THEN HOLD IN BEND . THE3 WIRE IS THEN HOLD IN THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS OF THE THE TIPS OF THE BEAKS OF THE PLIERS AND THE WIRE IS BENT PLIERS AND THE WIRE IS BENT THROUGH A SECOND RIGHT ANGLE.THROUGH A SECOND RIGHT ANGLE.

ADAM’S SPRING FORMING ADAM’S SPRING FORMING PLIRESPLIRES

WITH ELEGANT BEAKS WITH ELEGANT BEAKS DESIGNED FOR LOOP & COIL DESIGNED FOR LOOP & COIL FORMING.FORMING.