wireless 101 - warrington college of businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_snowden_wireless101.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Wireless 101
Understanding the Basics from A-Z
K Dane Snowden
VP External amp State Affairs
Wireless U Presentation
San Francisco CA
7 October 2010
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
CHAPTER 1Wireless 101 Putting the Pieces Together
2
Handset
Handset
Wireless 101 Handsets Devices amp Morehellip
bullHistory of Innovation
ndash ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
ndash Whorsquos Who
ndash Whatrsquos Inside
bullConvergence
ndash Healthcare
ndash Education
ndash Mobile Usage Snapshot
ndash Minorities Lead the Way
3
Def Convergence the concept of convergence originates where the hard-wired broadband
network meets the mobile phone It is one device that can provide you mobility internet
television location-based services music camera and a host of other functions besides being
your phone (See Glossary Pg 13)
4
Handsets Whatrsquos Inside
bull Antenna and Signal Amplifiers
bull Battery
bull Circuit Board with Microprocessors (ldquoChipsrdquo)
bullDigital Signal Processor
bullFlash (Internal) or SIM (External) Memory
bullGPS (Location)
bull Display
bull Key Board Touch Screen
bull Microphone Speaker
Handsets Cycle of Innovation
5
Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)
Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over
specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)
Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See
Glossary pg 17)
6
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
1G 3G
Handsets Convergence
7
8
Handsets Factoid
Source CTIA (July 2010)
8
bull At least 33 companies
manufacture more than 630
unique devices for the
US market ndash more devices
than in any other country in
the world
bull At the end of 2009 83 of
devices operating on wireless
networks were capable of
web-browsing including
49 Million Smartphones and
wireless-enabled PDAs and 11
Million Wireless-enabled
Laptops and Wireless modems
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
CHAPTER 1Wireless 101 Putting the Pieces Together
2
Handset
Handset
Wireless 101 Handsets Devices amp Morehellip
bullHistory of Innovation
ndash ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
ndash Whorsquos Who
ndash Whatrsquos Inside
bullConvergence
ndash Healthcare
ndash Education
ndash Mobile Usage Snapshot
ndash Minorities Lead the Way
3
Def Convergence the concept of convergence originates where the hard-wired broadband
network meets the mobile phone It is one device that can provide you mobility internet
television location-based services music camera and a host of other functions besides being
your phone (See Glossary Pg 13)
4
Handsets Whatrsquos Inside
bull Antenna and Signal Amplifiers
bull Battery
bull Circuit Board with Microprocessors (ldquoChipsrdquo)
bullDigital Signal Processor
bullFlash (Internal) or SIM (External) Memory
bullGPS (Location)
bull Display
bull Key Board Touch Screen
bull Microphone Speaker
Handsets Cycle of Innovation
5
Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)
Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over
specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)
Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See
Glossary pg 17)
6
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
1G 3G
Handsets Convergence
7
8
Handsets Factoid
Source CTIA (July 2010)
8
bull At least 33 companies
manufacture more than 630
unique devices for the
US market ndash more devices
than in any other country in
the world
bull At the end of 2009 83 of
devices operating on wireless
networks were capable of
web-browsing including
49 Million Smartphones and
wireless-enabled PDAs and 11
Million Wireless-enabled
Laptops and Wireless modems
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Wireless 101 Handsets Devices amp Morehellip
bullHistory of Innovation
ndash ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
ndash Whorsquos Who
ndash Whatrsquos Inside
bullConvergence
ndash Healthcare
ndash Education
ndash Mobile Usage Snapshot
ndash Minorities Lead the Way
3
Def Convergence the concept of convergence originates where the hard-wired broadband
network meets the mobile phone It is one device that can provide you mobility internet
television location-based services music camera and a host of other functions besides being
your phone (See Glossary Pg 13)
4
Handsets Whatrsquos Inside
bull Antenna and Signal Amplifiers
bull Battery
bull Circuit Board with Microprocessors (ldquoChipsrdquo)
bullDigital Signal Processor
bullFlash (Internal) or SIM (External) Memory
bullGPS (Location)
bull Display
bull Key Board Touch Screen
bull Microphone Speaker
Handsets Cycle of Innovation
5
Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)
Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over
specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)
Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See
Glossary pg 17)
6
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
1G 3G
Handsets Convergence
7
8
Handsets Factoid
Source CTIA (July 2010)
8
bull At least 33 companies
manufacture more than 630
unique devices for the
US market ndash more devices
than in any other country in
the world
bull At the end of 2009 83 of
devices operating on wireless
networks were capable of
web-browsing including
49 Million Smartphones and
wireless-enabled PDAs and 11
Million Wireless-enabled
Laptops and Wireless modems
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
4
Handsets Whatrsquos Inside
bull Antenna and Signal Amplifiers
bull Battery
bull Circuit Board with Microprocessors (ldquoChipsrdquo)
bullDigital Signal Processor
bullFlash (Internal) or SIM (External) Memory
bullGPS (Location)
bull Display
bull Key Board Touch Screen
bull Microphone Speaker
Handsets Cycle of Innovation
5
Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)
Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over
specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)
Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See
Glossary pg 17)
6
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
1G 3G
Handsets Convergence
7
8
Handsets Factoid
Source CTIA (July 2010)
8
bull At least 33 companies
manufacture more than 630
unique devices for the
US market ndash more devices
than in any other country in
the world
bull At the end of 2009 83 of
devices operating on wireless
networks were capable of
web-browsing including
49 Million Smartphones and
wireless-enabled PDAs and 11
Million Wireless-enabled
Laptops and Wireless modems
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Handsets Cycle of Innovation
5
Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)
Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over
specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)
Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See
Glossary pg 17)
6
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
1G 3G
Handsets Convergence
7
8
Handsets Factoid
Source CTIA (July 2010)
8
bull At least 33 companies
manufacture more than 630
unique devices for the
US market ndash more devices
than in any other country in
the world
bull At the end of 2009 83 of
devices operating on wireless
networks were capable of
web-browsing including
49 Million Smartphones and
wireless-enabled PDAs and 11
Million Wireless-enabled
Laptops and Wireless modems
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
6
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
1G 3G
Handsets Convergence
7
8
Handsets Factoid
Source CTIA (July 2010)
8
bull At least 33 companies
manufacture more than 630
unique devices for the
US market ndash more devices
than in any other country in
the world
bull At the end of 2009 83 of
devices operating on wireless
networks were capable of
web-browsing including
49 Million Smartphones and
wireless-enabled PDAs and 11
Million Wireless-enabled
Laptops and Wireless modems
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Handsets Convergence
7
8
Handsets Factoid
Source CTIA (July 2010)
8
bull At least 33 companies
manufacture more than 630
unique devices for the
US market ndash more devices
than in any other country in
the world
bull At the end of 2009 83 of
devices operating on wireless
networks were capable of
web-browsing including
49 Million Smartphones and
wireless-enabled PDAs and 11
Million Wireless-enabled
Laptops and Wireless modems
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
8
Handsets Factoid
Source CTIA (July 2010)
8
bull At least 33 companies
manufacture more than 630
unique devices for the
US market ndash more devices
than in any other country in
the world
bull At the end of 2009 83 of
devices operating on wireless
networks were capable of
web-browsing including
49 Million Smartphones and
wireless-enabled PDAs and 11
Million Wireless-enabled
Laptops and Wireless modems
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF
Handsets Healthcare
9
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
10
Handsets Education
bull Accessibility
bull Books Reading Comprehension
bull Distance Learning
bull Math Science
bull Information Reference
bull Quiz Testing
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
11
Source ComScore (March 2010)
Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way
0
10
20
30
40
50
White Native
American
Black Asian Hispanic
Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers
2007
2008
2009
2010
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum
bull What is Spectrum
ndash The Fuel of Innovation
ndash Spectrum Map
bull Licensing amp Auctions
ndash The Spectrum Squeeze
ndash The National Broadband Plan
bull The Many Users
12
Spectrum
Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See
Glossary Pg 21)
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC
Spectrum Making the Connection
13
Handset
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen
14
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation
15
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions
bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same
time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)
bull How are Licenses Obtained
ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE
ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B
16
Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)
Spectrum
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
17
Facilities-Based Providers
Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)
Non-Facilities-Based Providers
Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)
Unlicensed Users
Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)
Other Spectrum Users
Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety
Spectrum The Many Users
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It
18
Source CTIA
Government
61
Wireless
9
Unlicensed
amp
Broadcast
TV and
Radio
30
Spectrum Use amp Users
The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum
between 174 MHz and 42 GHz
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze
19
Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009
660
198
105
314350
217
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor
20
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Data Apps
21
Skyrocketing Apps
bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)
bull Downloads 6 Billion
Apps for Everything
bull Books
bull Business amp Productivity
bull Education
bull Entertainment
bull Finance
bull Games
bull Gov 20
bull Healthcare amp Fitness
bull Music
bull Navigation
bull News
bull Social Networking
bull Sports
Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices
(See Glossary pg 13)
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces
bull Analog v Digital
bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The
Evolution of Network Capabilities
bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless
Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans
22
Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See
Glossary pg 16)
Air Interface
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
23
Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
24
Understanding Air Interfaces
1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010
AMPS
TDMA
GSM
CDMA
CDPD
GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA
1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C
WiFi WiMAX
(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)
DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps
1G 2G 3G 4G
GSM
CDMA
HSPA +
DL 28 Mbps
HSUPA
DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps
(IS-136)
iDEN
(UMTS)
25G
Global Systems for Mobile Communications
(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire
DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps
OFDM
DL 192 Kbps
LTE
DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps
(80211)
DL 10-20Mbps
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular
South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon
Wireless
Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
Original Cell Phone Licensees
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally
25
Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF
-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps
-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence
26
Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
2727
1G 2G
VOICE
SHORT
MESSAGE
SERVICE
(SMS)
GPS-BASED
SERVICES
Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of
Network Capabilities
4G25G 3G
TAKE AND SEND
PICTURES
WEB-BROWSING
MOBILE GAMES
STREAMING
VIDEO RADIO
MOBILE APP
STORES
ADVANCED
GAMING
TELEMEDICINE
(IMAGING AND
MONITORING)
SIGNIFICANTLY
ADVANCED
SPEEDS FOR ALL
MOBILE
APPLICATIONS
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
28
Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation
Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung
Voice Only
Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or
Early Internet
Voice + Text + Camera or
Wireless Internet Only
Internet SocNets Apps
Music Games Video and
Wireless Broadband services Gov 20
public safety mLearning Etc
Voice + Text
Text + Voice or
Wired Internet or Wi-Fi
1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
29
High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid
Wireless Network Rollout by County
bull 981 of the US population (gt2797
million) lived in census blocks with one or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 895 of the US population (gt2551
million) lived in census blocks with two or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 761 of the US population (gt2170
million) lived in census blocks with three or
more mobile broadband providers
bull 58 of the US population (gt1653
million) lived in census blocks with four or
more mobile broadband providers
According to the FCC as of November 2008
Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband
30
WiMax Attributes
bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of
for last 100 ft for last mile
bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles
bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9
Mbs)
bull Available Today
LTE Attributes
bullSimilar to WiMax
bullFaster download upload and lower
latency under most conditions
bullWorldwide roaming
bullExpected Deployment 2011
Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband
speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )
Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary
pg 3)
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)
31
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Air Interface LTE Coverage Map
32
TBD
In Trials
Carriers Announcing LTE
Commitments
bull ATampT
bull Cox Communications
bull T-Mobile
bull US Cellular
bull Verizon Wireless
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Data Cloud Computing
33
Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where
resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network
bull Cell Site
ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks
ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks
bull Handoff
bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
ndash Case Study Smart Grid
ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)
bull Continuous Investment
34
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
When you physically move from
one point to another the signal
strength of transmissions back to
the cell sitersquos tower begins to
decline
The cell site equipment notifies a
computer called the Mobile
Switching Center (MSC) that the
signal is getting weaker
The MSC then orchestrates the
passing of the call from one cell site
to another
Def Handoff
35
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
36
Mobile Switching Center Backhaul
Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching
center (See Glossary pg 9)
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Network
Tower
Spectrum
Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola
37
Handset
Handset
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage
bullCells Divide grid among a few city
blocks or up to 250 square miles
bullSite Location of cell which includes
a tower
A
C
B F
D
G
E
A G
E
Cell Sites
38
Grid Cells
Site
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall
buildings or other obstructions that block your
wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna
bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots
by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the
highest point
39
Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation
Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See
Glossary pg 12)
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
bullTall Towers
Over 200 Feet
bullHigh Power Emissions
bullInadequate Coverage
30 Mile Radius
bullFew Radio Channels
Interference
bullPoor Service
Unhappy Customers
40
Radius = 30 miles
Original Design for Wireless Networks
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
bullShort Towers
Under 200 Feet
bullLow Power Emissions
bullAdequate Coverage
10 Mile Radius
bullMany Radio Channels
Simultaneous Use
bullImproved Service
Happier Customers
41
Todayrsquos Cell Networks
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey
$9111
67
$14
367
53
$22
346
35
$32
741
05
$44
801
42
$62
815
96
$86
715
44
$112
620
70
$139
563
66
$189
386
78
$240
804
67
$325
735
22
$460
579
10
$605
427
74
$712
648
65
$896
243
87
$1050
301
01
$1269
223
47
$1458
669
14
$1737
935
07
$1990
253
27
$2234
491
94
$2445
912
06
$2647
605
17
$2851
215
91
$0
$50000000
$100000000
$150000000
$200000000
$250000000
$300000000
Dec-8
5
Dec-8
6
Dec-8
7
Dec-8
8
Dec-8
9
Dec-9
0
Dec-9
1
Dec-9
2
Dec-9
3
Dec-9
4
Dec-9
5
Dec-9
6
Dec-9
7
Dec-9
8
Dec-9
9
Dec-0
0
Dec-0
1
Dec-0
2
Dec-0
3
Dec-0
4
Dec-0
5
Dec-0
6
Dec-0
7
Dec-0
8
Dec-0
9
Th
ou
san
ds
Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid
bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo
ndashMore uniform access to poles
ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo
ndashAccess to Government Property
bullInter-carrier Compensation
bullUniversel Service Reform
43
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
44
Mobile Switching Center
TWO CASE STUDIES
Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers
connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid
bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid
bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device
bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms
bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information
bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009
45
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
46
Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking
The Western Unionreg mobile money
transfer program allows consumers with an
additional option to send and receive funds
how where and when they want
Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the
recipients mobile number
Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-
enable account the recipient is notified of
funds arrival by text message
Mobile to Mobile Send funds between
mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be
added to recipients account balance
All this information requires working with
the network operator to transfer through
MSC
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services
bull Voice Calls
ndash E-9-1-1
ndash Network Management
bull Text Messaging
ndash The Network Difference
ndash mCommerce (UPS)
ndash mGiving (Haiti)
bull Data
ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services
ndash Traffic Explosion
bull Why does traffic matter
ndash New Business Models
ndash Apps
bull Measuring Consumer Value47
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
48
Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo
Established connection
between two or more
users
Requires continuous
transmission to
maintain connection
Ancillary Services
bull Voice Mail
bull Caller ID
bull Ringtones
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
49
Voice Calls E-9-1-1
bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are
routed to the appropriate Public Safety
Answering Point (PSAP)
bull Enhanced 9-1-1
bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)
bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)
bullLocation Accuracy
bull Radio Propagation Implications
bull Phase II PSAP Required
bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network
management to establish route and provide
additional information
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Voice Calls Factoid Network Management
bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks
ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell
ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network
bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources
50
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
51
Presidential Inauguration
Source White House Flickr Stream
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
52
Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications
Natural Disaster
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
53
COWS = Cells on Wheels
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
54
Text Communications The Network Difference
Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a
different portion of a wireless network
Cell Site
Base Station
Sorts the Type of
Communications
Gateway E-
Mail ServerCell Phone
Voice E-Mail
or SMS
Gateway SMS
Server
Gateway Voice
Server
Other Carriers
Public
Telephone
Network
Internet etc
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
55
Text
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formatting
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
Networking
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140
Text
Messaging
Multimedia
Messaging
Instant
Messaging
Social
NetworkingE-mail
Service is
Also
Known As
ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo
Myspace
Purpose
Send short
text-only
messages
quickly
Include
pictures
video or
music
Carry on an
informal
ldquoconversationrdquo
Post
messages to
one or all of
my friends
Like writing a
letter only
electronic
Character
Limit
(English)
160
characters
Depends on
formatting
Depends on
formattingTwitter 140 none
Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice
or data services on wireless phone bills
Text Communications
55
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
56
Text Communications Case Study mCommerce
UPS Mobile via SMS
bull Track delivery status
bull Schedule Pick Up
bull Quotes for Rates and
Travel Time
bull E-mail shipping label
bull Find UPS Locations
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008
Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services
57
21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Data New Business Models
58
Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-
400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
59
2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless
Foundation and the American Red Cross start
Text2Help which raised $120000 from the
generosity of mobile consumers
2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised
approximately $250000
2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive
campaign raised approximately $450000
2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million
people raised more than $32 million via text for the
American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts
Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
Measuring Consumer Value Factoid
60
The US Offers You the Most for Your Money
(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)
115137 135
158 149 152
109
251
138
237
141
222
163
129
218198
153
311
824
191170
211194
426
134
824
$004
$031
$025
$022
$021
$019
$019
$016
$016
$015
$015
$015
$014
$014
$014
$013
$012
$012
$011
$010
$010
$009
$009
$009
$007
$006
$000
$005
$010
$015
$020
$025
$030
$035
Switzerland
Japan
Netherlands
Denm
ark
Belgium
Spain
Germ
any
Norw
ay
Czech R
epublic
France
ItalyAustralia
Greece
Portugal
Finland
Austria
Hungary
UK
New
Zealand
Sweden
Canada
Poland
S K
orea
Turkey
Mexico
USA
Avera
ge R
even
ue P
er
Min
ute
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900A
vera
ge M
on
thly
Min
ute
s o
f Use
Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010
Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)
Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61
The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip
Community
Investment
Jobs
Emergency Alerts
Tax Reform
Spectrum National
Framework
Public Safety
Accessibility
TelecommutingChild Safety
mCommerceEducation
mHealth
Economic
Development
Text
App Stores
Smart Grids
Energy Efficiency
Preventative Care
Rural Adoption
Deployment
Mobile Banking
Campaign 20
Gov 20 MyWireless
Personal
Enjoyment
Location
Services
E9-1-1
Competitive
Remote
Monitoring
Emergency
Alerts
Mobile Video
Social Media
Innovation
Games
Mobile
Music
CameraCarrier
Partners
Towers
Netbooks
600+ Unique
Handsets
Intelligent
Transportation
61