Wireless Wireless CommunicatioCommunicatio

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Betty and the GeEks Betty and the GeEks Present:Present:

What is WAP?What is WAP?

• A set of protocols which allow data A set of protocols which allow data exchange for mobile cellular systemsexchange for mobile cellular systems

• The current world standard for the The current world standard for the presentation and delivery of wireless presentation and delivery of wireless informationinformation

• It is device independentIt is device independent

• It is network independentIt is network independent

Current Constraints ofCurrent Constraints of

• Less BandwidthLess Bandwidth

• High LatencyHigh Latency

• Less Stable ConnectionsLess Stable Connections

• Less Predictable AvailabilityLess Predictable Availability

• Diverse range of network Diverse range of network standardsstandards

• Less CPU PowerLess CPU Power

• Less Memory and StorageLess Memory and Storage

• Restricted Power Restricted Power ConsumptionConsumption

• Small / Variable Sized Small / Variable Sized DisplaysDisplays

• Variable Input Types Variable Input Types (Keypad, Pen, etc,) (Keypad, Pen, etc,)

Wireless Interfaces:Wireless Interfaces: Mobile Devices:Mobile Devices:

• Wireless networks and phones Wireless networks and phones

– have specific needs and requirements not have specific needs and requirements not addressed by existing Internet technologies. addressed by existing Internet technologies.

• WAP enables any data transport WAP enables any data transport

– TCP/IP, UDP/IP, GUTS (IS-135/6), SMS, or TCP/IP, UDP/IP, GUTS (IS-135/6), SMS, or USSD.USSD.

• The WAP architecture The WAP architecture

– has several modular entities which together has several modular entities which together form a fully compliant Internet entityform a fully compliant Internet entity

– all WML content is accessed via HTTP 1.1 all WML content is accessed via HTTP 1.1 requests. requests.

Why Use WAP ?Why Use WAP ?

Why Use WAP ? (cont..)Why Use WAP ? (cont..)• WAP utilizes standard Internet markup language WAP utilizes standard Internet markup language

technology (XML) technology (XML)

• Optimizing the content and airlink protocolsOptimizing the content and airlink protocols

• The WML UI components map well onto existing mobile The WML UI components map well onto existing mobile phone user interfacesphone user interfaces

– no re-education of the end-usersno re-education of the end-users

– leveraging market penetration of mobile devices leveraging market penetration of mobile devices

• WAP utilizes plain Web HTTP 1.1 serversWAP utilizes plain Web HTTP 1.1 servers

– leveraging existing development methodologiesleveraging existing development methodologies

– CGI, ASP, NSAPI, JAVA, Servlets, etc.CGI, ASP, NSAPI, JAVA, Servlets, etc.

Web Server

Content

CGIScriptsetc.

WML D

ecks

with

WML-Script

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLScriptCompiler

Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-Script

WTAI

Etc.

HTTPWSP/WTP

The WAP Architecture The WAP Architecture

More Acronyms to learnMore Acronyms to learn

•WAE - Wireless Application WAE - Wireless Application EnvironmentEnvironment

•WSP - Wireless Session ProtocolWSP - Wireless Session Protocol

•WTP - Wireless Transaction ProtocolWTP - Wireless Transaction Protocol

•WTLS - Wireless Transport Layer WTLS - Wireless Transport Layer SecuritySecurity

•WDP - Wireless Datagram ProtocolWDP - Wireless Datagram Protocol

HTMLJavaScript

HTTP

TLS - SSL

TCP/IPUDP/IP

Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE)

Session Layer (WSP)

Security Layer (WTLS)

Transport Layer (WDP)

Other Services andApplications

Transaction Layer (WTP)

SMS USSD CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC-P Etc..

Bearers:

Comparison between Internet and WAP ModelsComparison between Internet and WAP Models

Internet

WAP ProtocolsWAP Protocols

• WSP (WSP (Wireless Session Protocol)Wireless Session Protocol)

– Provides the application layer of WAP Provides the application layer of WAP with a consistent interface for two with a consistent interface for two session services. session services. • A connection-oriented service that A connection-oriented service that

operates above the transaction layer operates above the transaction layer protocol WTP. protocol WTP.

• A connectionless service that operates A connectionless service that operates above a secure or non-secure datagram above a secure or non-secure datagram service (WDP).service (WDP).

WAP ProtocolsWAP Protocols

• WTP (WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol)Wireless Transaction Protocol)

– Provide efficient request/reply based Provide efficient request/reply based transport mechanism suitable for transport mechanism suitable for devices with limited resources over devices with limited resources over networks with low to medium networks with low to medium bandwidth. bandwidth. • WTP Push mode allows server to “push” WTP Push mode allows server to “push”

data to a client without request (e.g. data to a client without request (e.g. notification of stock hitting target price)notification of stock hitting target price)

• WTP/WDP uses less than half the WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that TCP/IP uses to transfer the packets that TCP/IP uses to transfer the same amount of data.same amount of data.

WAP ProtocolsWAP Protocols

• WTLS WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer (Wireless Transport Layer Security)Security)

– A security protocol based upon the A security protocol based upon the industry-standard Transport Layer industry-standard Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, formerly Security (TLS) protocol, formerly known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). WTLS is intended for use with the WAP WTLS is intended for use with the WAP transport protocols and has been transport protocols and has been optimized for use over narrow-band optimized for use over narrow-band communication channels. communication channels.

WAP ProtocolsWAP Protocols

• WDP (WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol)Wireless Datagram Protocol)

– The Transport layer protocol in the WAP The Transport layer protocol in the WAP architecturearchitecture

– Provides a common interface to the Provides a common interface to the Security, Session, and Application layersSecurity, Session, and Application layers

– Allows these upper layers to function Allows these upper layers to function independently of the underlying independently of the underlying wireless network. This is the key to wireless network. This is the key to global interoperabilityglobal interoperability

WAP DevelopersWAP DevelopersAn incomplete list of corporations currently developing WAP products and/or services:

AT&T Bell Atlantic Mobile GTE Sprint PCS US West Nextel France Telecom Telenor (Norway) Bell Mobility (Canada)

Japan Telecom Nokia Ericsson Motorola Qualcomm Samsung Palm Computing (3Com) IBM Phone.com (Unwired Planet)

• Tag-based browsing language:Tag-based browsing language:– Screen management (text, images)Screen management (text, images)

– Data input (text, selection lists, etc.)Data input (text, selection lists, etc.)

– Hyperlinks & navigation supportHyperlinks & navigation support

• XML-based languageXML-based language

• Inherits technology from HTMLInherits technology from HTML

WML WML Wireless Markup Wireless Markup

Language Language

WML WML Wireless Markup Wireless Markup

Language Language • Card metaphorCard metaphor

– User interactions are split into cardsUser interactions are split into cards

– Navigation occurs between cardsNavigation occurs between cards

• Explicit inter-card navigation modelExplicit inter-card navigation model

– HyperlinksHyperlinks

– UI Event handlingUI Event handling

– HistoryHistory

• State management and variablesState management and variables

– Reduce network trafficReduce network traffic

– Results in better cachingResults in better caching

<WML><WML> <CARD><CARD> <DO TYPE="ACCEPT" LABEL="Next"><DO TYPE="ACCEPT" LABEL="Next"> <GO URL="#card2"/><GO URL="#card2"/> </DO></DO> Acme Inc.<BR/>DirectoryAcme Inc.<BR/>Directory </CARD></CARD>

<CARD NAME="card2"><CARD NAME="card2"> <DO TYPE="ACCEPT"> <DO TYPE="ACCEPT"> <GO URL="?send=$type"/><GO URL="?send=$type"/> </DO></DO> ServicesServices <SELECT KEY="type"><SELECT KEY="type"> <OPTION VALUE="em">Email</OPTION><OPTION VALUE="em">Email</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE="ph">Phone</OPTION><OPTION VALUE="ph">Phone</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE="fx">Fax</OPTION><OPTION VALUE="fx">Fax</OPTION> </SELECT></SELECT> </CARD></CARD></WML></WML>

Acme Inc.Directory

_____________Next

Services1>Email 2 Phone3 Fax

____________OK

A WML Example A WML Example

Wireless Networking Wireless Networking Technologies (PAN/LAN)Technologies (PAN/LAN)

• Flarion TechnologiesFlarion Technologies– OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing)Multiplexing)

• GSMGSM– 3G (A third generation mobile 3G (A third generation mobile

technology)technology)

• Bluetooth Bluetooth

BluetoothBluetooth

The Bluetooth wireless technology allows The Bluetooth wireless technology allows users to make effortless, wireless and users to make effortless, wireless and instant connections between various instant connections between various communication devices, such as mobile communication devices, such as mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA’s), desktop and notebook computers(PDA’s), desktop and notebook computers. . It currently provides a 2 Mbps data rate and It currently provides a 2 Mbps data rate and a range of 500 ft indoors.a range of 500 ft indoors.

BluetoothBluetooth• The Bluetooth radio is built into a small The Bluetooth radio is built into a small microchip and operates in a globally available microchip and operates in a globally available frequency band ensuring communication frequency band ensuring communication compatibility worldwide. compatibility worldwide.

• Software controls and identity coding built Software controls and identity coding built into each microchip ensure that only those units into each microchip ensure that only those units preset by their owners can communicate.preset by their owners can communicate.

• The Bluetooth wireless technology supports The Bluetooth wireless technology supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections. connections.

POP QUIZPOP QUIZ

1. WAP enables mobile phone users to retrieve information from the internet

TRUE

FALSE

POP QUIZPOP QUIZ

2. WML and WMLScript are based on HTML and Javascript.

TRUE

FALSE

POP QUIZPOP QUIZ

3. Which of the following is not a layer protocol in WAP ?

A. WDP

B. WTP

C. HTTP

D. WSP

POP QUIZPOP QUIZ

4. WAP will not provide an interface to voice-mail or prepaid systems.

TRUE

FALSE

POP QUIZPOP QUIZ

5. What does WAP stand for?

A. Wired American People

B. Wireless Appliance Programming

C. Wacky Amish Pandas

D.Wireless Application Protocol

Questions ?Questions ?

Comments ?Comments ?

Snide Remarks ?Snide Remarks ?