Wireless Lighting ControlsOpportunities, Markets and Challenges

Dr Andy DaviesBusiness Development Manager

Harvard Engineering

AgendaThe Controls Market

Mega-Trends driving Wireless Control AdoptionThe need to retrofitThe rise of mixed-use developmentsPre-fabrication trends in construction

Available wireless technologies & protocols

Challenges & HeadwindsPerceived costNetwork Co-existenceSecurity

Other ConsiderationsData Management & User Interfaces

Conclusions

Market for Wireless ControlsAnalysts predict a doubling of wireless controls share from 2012-2018

Controls market overall is also expecting to double

4x growth in wireless controls overall

What are the drivers?

What challenges do we need to overcome?

Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption1. Requirement for Retrofit

80%

75% of controllable lighting sold in Europe is not controlled when installed(source: Frost & Sullivan)

80% of buildings that will exist in the UK in 2050 have already been built (source: Greater London Authority)

41% of electricity demand across all sectors is due to lighting(source: CIBSE)

75%

41%

Link between these statistics - RETROFIT

Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption1. Requirement for Retrofit

Our OEM customers are reporting that a very large part of their LED luminaire business is to retrofit traditional lighting technology, where no other changes are made to building infrastructure

Often this will involve the replacement of non-controllable light sources (eg HID), with controllable LED. This presents an excellent opportunity to add controls and potentially improve ROI

Adding control wiring in these projects is difficult and often prohibitive

Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption1. Requirement for Retrofit

Project Example: Retail Department Store

1

2

3

4

AISLE:12W LED replaces 56W halogen

PERIMETER:58W LED replaces 88W HID

ACCENT:32W LED replaces 112W halogen

AMBIENT:29W LED replaces 70W CFL

Controls Strategy

Ambient, accent, perimeter and aisle lighting controlled independently in each zone

Occupancy sensor in each zone, measuring occupancy by zone by time of day

Selectively time-schedule layers of lighting in response to occupancy

Apply minimum necessary lighting during out of hours (staff training, stocking, cleaning)

• Initial consumption: 1500kWh/day

• LED retrofit reduces to 580kWh/day

• Adding controls further reduces to 330kWh/day

• Effective power density of 5.6w/m2

• 2 year payback from additional controls investment

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00

kW

Time

Combined Lighting

Before control With control

Results

2. Changes in building occupancy patterns

Residential rents are outstripping office rents, yet there is a shortage of office space

This is driving an increase in mixed-use developments combining office, resi, retail and hospitality

Lease lengths are decreasing. 25% decrease in London over past 10 years

New development schemes have elements of multiple use, under single landlord

This is driving need for greater flexibility in building and energy management

Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption

London Real Estate Example

3. Prefabrication and Modular Construction

Prefabrication and modular construction is growing globally, and can bring numerous benefits:

• 3-4 week reduction in project schedules

• 5% reduction in construction site waste

• 5% reduction in material use

• 6% reduction in project spend

Wireless controls integration into prefabrications is attractive, and could increase adoption – but also requires easy commissioning!!

Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption

Source: McGraw-Hill Construction

4. Experience with Wired Systems

Mega Trends Driving Wireless Controls Adoption

User Perception with ‘Traditional’ Lighting Controls

• Require specialist engineers to re-program, often at high cost (£1000 a day not unusual)

• Time-consuming to re-configure

• Often require intervention into infrastructure to resolve issues

User Software often not intuitive; ‘written by controls engineers

for controls engineers’

Which Wireless Protocol?Questions to consider….

Which Application Segment?Different protocols may be better suited to certain applications (eg Z-wave for residential)

Open Standard or Proprietary?There are many proprietary protocols supported by only one company. If you want to avoid being tied down, an open, standardised protocol.Open standards can also give better device interoperability

Standalone Controls or Networked?Sometimes wireless functionality may be required only locally (eg from switch interface to nearest wired

device). Other times wireless benefits can be realised from end to end across the system

Integration with Broader BMS SystemCan the protocol integrate with BMS standards eg Bacnet, KNX, LON etc

Communication RobustnessFor large areas, mesh networking protocols allow a more robust communication since they are not reliant

on single point to point routes

Future-ProofingLook for trends in adoption. Widely supported protocols are likely to be around in the future

Which Wireless Protocol?Some common open standards

• Widely supported by many major brands• Focused on residential/consumer use• Many products adjacent to lighting• Most focus in US

• Supported by Connected Lighting Alliance• Mesh protocol chosen for larger networked

solutions (eg LG, Harvard EyeNut, Acuity Adura, Daintree Networks)

• Many sub-protocols – LightLink for domestic, Building Automation for B2B

• Robust protocol, widely supported• Devices limited to end-point devices (switches,

sensors)• Battery-free operation seen as benefit

• In lighting, WiFi is used primarily for point-to-point communication with enabled LED lamps in domestic applications

Which Wireless Protocol?Global Market Analysis (Indoor Lighting)

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Wireless Lighting ChipSet Share By Protocol

ZigBee EnOcean Other (inc. proprietary) WiFi

ZigBee has highest single share of any protocol, however market has been very fragmented with many proprietary technologies

Forecast shows ZigBee increasing and cannibalizing multiple proprietary protocols

EnOcean and Wifi stable – expected to grow with market

Source: ON World

Challenges & Concerns

Is wireless more expensive when all factors are considered?

Model of 300 Luminaire office ‘cost neutral’ fit-out suggests not, but that cost is distributed differently around the system components DALI Wired Solution

Wiring

Commissioning

Central Hardware

Software

Input Devices (sensors, switches etc)

DALI Wired Solution

Wireless Solution

1. Perceived Higher Cost

Challenges & Concerns

Common Question is ‘Can your wireless lighting network co-exist with regular WiFi’Open protocols can offer reassurance here by published studies

See for example ZigBee Alliance co-existence study: http://www.zigbee.org/LearnMore/KnowledgeBase.aspx?Contenttype=ArticleDet&Aid=143&CatID):

Study defines co-existence traffic limits, which are far in excess of practical traffic experienced in regular use.

2. Wireless Network Co-Existence

WiFi traffic on Harvard stand at recent Euroshop exhibition:

Against this background our ZigBee-based EyeNut system operated well in live demos

Challenges & Concerns

A valid concern given recent media ‘lightbulb hacking’ reports. The following items should be considered:

3. Security

Evaluate the real riskRisk = likelihood x severity. How likely is it that someone will want to infiltrate your lighting system and what is the impact? What is the benefit of adopting networked controls versus this risk?

Don’t assume the protocol provides protection ‘out of the box’It is how your supplier designs using the protocol which is important, not the protocol itselfMany reports crfiticise ‘insecure protocols’, however in most cases systems can be made secure through robust

design

Question potential suppliersSuppliers should be able to provide detailed information regarding security measures that are implemented in their

productEnsure suppliers are also questioned regarding their in-house security knowledge and capabilities

Is security future-proofed?Suppliers with trained resource to stay vigilant against new threats are more likely to deliver a secure system

Take appropriate measures…stay vigilant….but be realistic about the real risk

Other Considerations User Interface

The absence of intuitive user interfaces has been a major barrier to lighting control adoption

Users now expect easy-to-use, familar interfaces available on a variety of media

Data Management

Lighting control systems are evolving to become data management systems, using measured energy and status data to drive smart decisions on control strategies

Wireless is not enough…need also to adopt key interface and data management features

Conclusions

Wireless lighting control market share will grow fast, expect to double share in 6 years

Increase in LED luminaire retrofit projects provides huge wireless controls opportunity

Main construction trends of mixed-use and prefabrication also provide opportunity

ZigBee expected to gain ground as main protocol of choice, especially around scaled networked installations

Major challenges of cost, robustness/reliability and security are being addressed

Data monitoring and analysis will optimize control strategies and maximize energy savings

Tomorrows systems will be interactive packages for users, driven by supported software platforms

Thank You