wireless optical networking: an overview tim miller product manager broadband wireless world...
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![Page 1: Wireless Optical Networking: An Overview Tim Miller Product Manager Broadband Wireless World ForumFebruary 19, 2001](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022032703/56649d2a5503460f949feb4b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Wireless Optical Networking: An Overview
Tim Miller
Product Manager
Broadband Wireless World Forum February 19, 2001
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February 19, 2001
AirFiber Overview
Telecommunications equipment supplier of wireless optical mesh networks to carriers worldwide
San Diego, California
Founded in 1998
Investors: – Enterprise Partners– Foundation Capital– Nortel Networks– Qualcomm
Strategic Partners
– Nortel Networks (OEM, OPTera Metro 2400)
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February 19, 2001
Agenda
Introduction Overview of free-space optics (FSO) and wireless
optical networks (WON)– FSO – As it was
• Obstacles to deployment• Affects of weather
– FSO – As it is• Technology improvements• Network topologies – FSO vs. WON
Planning a WON Integrating WON and Microwave Systems
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February 19, 2001
Free-Space Optics – Technical Challenges
Free-Space Optics – an experienced technology Misapplied in early implementations Four leading obstacles of free-space laser transmission
– Free-space loss– Attenuation– Mie scattering - Fog– Scintillation
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February 19, 2001
Last Mile(s) Access – As It Was
Fiber OpticSONET/SDH Ring
ATMSwitch
ADM
ADM
ADMOC12c /STM4
FiberDistribution
NOC
ADMOC12c /STM4
NTU
Router
LAN
WEB
Premise NetworkAccess NetworkCore Network
Fiber
MicrowaveCopper
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February 19, 2001
Free-space Loss
Possible solutions
– Increase power – marginal gain, lowers MTBF, not optimized
– Increase # beams – expensive, still not optimized
– Focus beam and auto track – cost effective, always optimized
Signal power loss due to light beam divergence in free space
Pointsourceemitter
Photodiode
Only a portion of the emitting power is captured by the receiver due to geometric
spreading losses
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February 19, 2001
OptiMesh Features:• < 500m links• Power Control• Automatic Tracking• Mesh Network
Typical Weather Attenuation
Clear Conditions: -5 to -15 dB/km Rain: -20 to -50 dB/km Snow: -50 to -150 dB/km Fog: -50 to -300 dB/km
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February 19, 2001
Att
enu
atio
n (
dB
/km
)
Time
Atmospheric Attenuation Effects(Tokyo)
7-21 KDI 1
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5:39
:31
6:18
:56
6:58
:06
7:36
:16
8:14
:25
8:52
:36
9:31
:07
10:0
9:56
10:4
9:34
11:2
7:08
12:0
5:20
12:4
2:32
13:2
1:02
13:5
9:12
14:3
7:23
15:1
4:38
15:5
4:11
16:2
8:24
17:0
4:47
17:4
0:16
18:1
7:34
18:5
4:01
19:3
2:12
20:1
0:19
20:4
8:24
21:2
7:35
22:0
5:47
22:4
3:10
23:2
1:19
0:00
:26
0:38
:34
1:15
:44
1:54
:13
2:31
:26
3:10
:34
3:48
:46
4:26
:13
5:04
:22
Very Heavy Rain Conditions
Tokyo7-21-1999
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February 19, 2001
Benchmark Visibility Data(Tokyo)
Clear, good visibility Heavy rain
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February 19, 2001
Att
enu
atio
n (
dB
/km
)
Time
Atmospheric Attenuation Effects(Montgomery Field)
Fog Conditions
4-15-99 Montgomery
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
0:00:00 4:48:00 9:36:00 14:24:00 19:12:00 0:00:00 4:48:00
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February 19, 2001
Benchmark Visibility Data(Montgomery Field)
Clear, good visibility Heavy fog visibility
Laser retro-reflection
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February 19, 2001
Att
enu
atio
n (
dB
/km
)
Atmospheric Attenuation Effects(Ottawa)
Snow Conditions
Time
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February 19, 2001
Benchmark Visibility Data(Ottawa)
Clear, good visibility Snow
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February 19, 2001
• Solution: - Scintillation is not significant for links less than 500 m; but
effects increase rapidly with longer distances
- Avoid links over/through vents, hot roofs, A/C ducts, etc
- Space diversity
Scintillation
Image dancingImage dancing
Amplitude fluctuation
Amplitude fluctuation
The variation of refractive index along the propagation path caused by slight temperature variations among different air pockets
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February 19, 2001
Free Space Optics – As It Is Today
Demographics have changed– Internet has created bandwidth explosion in urban areas – Fiber access – only 5% commercial buildings
Technology has improved– Reliability, eye safety, network management
Maintains price performance lead – bandwidth / $
A reliable, affordable and quickly deployable way to extend fiber’s reach in access network
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February 19, 2001
POP
D
150m, 100%
200m, 99.999%
A
C
B
300m, 99.99%
400m, 99.9%
Building with Point to Point
• Reliability decreases with expansion
• Available market limited- Reliability- LOS
• Roof costs increase
• No alternate route
• No flexibility
AvailabilityA: 100% 0 minB: 99.999% 5 minC: 99.99% 52 minD: 99.9% 525 min
San Francisco
Network Topology = Reliability (Point to Point)
Addressable market
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February 19, 2001
Wireless Optical Networking
AirFiber’s OptiMesh:– Automatic Acquisition – easy installation
– Automatic Tracking – always optimized
– Mesh Network – ultimate protection scheme
– Element Management System – carrier class
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February 19, 2001
POP
D
150m, 100%
A
C
B
Migrating to a Mesh:
• Reliability increases with expansion
- Shorter links- Path protection- Equipment
• Available market increases:- Reliability- LOS
• Roof costs decrease
• Many alternate routes
• Flexible
100m, 100%
200m
, 99.
999%
125m, 100%
To alternate POP
250m, alternate path
AvailabilityA: 100% 0 minB: 100% 0 minC: 100% 0 minD: 99.999% 5 min
Addressable market
Network Topology = Reliability (Mesh)
San Francisco
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February 19, 2001
Availability - Achieving 99.999%
Tree -> Mesh Network– Shorter links– Multiple redundant paths into each building– Automatic re-routing of circuits
Node Equipment– 8-year Mean-Time-Between-Failure (MTBF)– Single unit to replace in case of failure– No scheduled maintenance
Automatic tracking– Continuous optimization of the link alignment– Adjusts for building movement from solar and wind load
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February 19, 2001
Network Architecture
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February 19, 2001
Planning a Wireless Optical Network
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February 19, 2001
Planning a Wireless Optical Network
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February 19, 2001
Planning a Wireless Optical Network
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February 19, 2001
Microwave Backhaul, OptiMesh Access
Fiber Microwave LinkOptical Link
Microwave provides backhaul;Optical provides access
Benefits:
• Increased capacity onbackhaul links – Higher ROI
• Preserves frequency spectrum for short hops
• Lowers deployment costs
• Minimizes aesthetic problems
1.
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February 19, 2001
Optical with Microwave Backup
Fiber Microwave LinkOptical Link
Optical link at clear air
distance with RF backup
Benefits:
• Higher speed
• Extends reach of optics.
• Achieves 99.999%
availability with backup
• Provides migration path to
mesh network /
redeployment
• Less expensive than fully
redundant radio
• Provides for load balancing
without using more
spectrum
2.
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February 19, 2001
Mesh Extension
OptiMesh NodeMicrowave NodeFiber POP
Microwave system provides alternate path to reroute between locations
• Microwave is part of mesh
• Media is transparent to
network.
• Allows for fully integrated, end to end network. 3.
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February 19, 2001
Summary
Wireless Optical Networks – Ready for Prime Time– Fiber capacity without the costs
– Demographics – short links
– Automatic tracking
– Highest performance (bandwidth/$)
Network Topology = Increased Reliability– Grow network into a mesh topology
Complementary with other technologies….not a replacement