wireless sensor networks – implementation and applications

7/29/2019 Wireless Sensor Networks Implementation and Applications

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Wireless Sensor Networks

Implementation and Applications


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History

ZigBee

IEEE 802.15.4

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

RSI/TRDProposals

Initial MRD v0.2

PAR

Proposalto IEEE

Proposals CompletionReviews

ZigBee Allianceformed


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July 2002 Ed Callaway, Motorola Slide 3

The Wireless Market

SHORT

LONG

LOW < DATA RATE > HIGH

PAN

LAN

TEXT GRAPHICS

INTERNET

HI-FI

AUDIO

STREAMING

VIDEO

DIGITAL

VIDEO

MULTI-CHANNEL

VIDEO

Bluetooth1

ZigBee

802.11b

802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g


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Applications

ZigBeeLOW DATA-RATE

RADIO DEVICES

HOME

AUTOMATION

CONSUMER

ELECTRONICS

TV

VCR

DVD/CD

remote

security

HVAC

lighting

closures

PC & PERIPHERALS

TOYS &

GAMES

consoles

portables

educational

PERSONAL

HEALTH CARE

INDUSTRIAL &

COMMERCIAL

monitors

sensors

automation

control

mouse

keyboard

joystick

monitors

diagnostics

sensors


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Primary interfaces and components for the scope of SN standardization


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Interfaces of Sensor Networks

Interface between node service layer and node

application layer

Interface between node service layer and node

hardware

Wired/wireless interface between sensor nodes

Interface between sensor network and the rest ofthe world (application domain)


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Zachman Frameworkfor enterprise architecture


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Sensor Networks high level operational graphic


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Sensor networks entity/node connectivity diagram


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SN system description for sensor node cluster control


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Sensor networks systems architecture


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Frequencies and Data Rates

BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE CHANNEL(S)

2.4 GHz ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 11-26

868 MHz Europe 20 kbps 0

915 MHz ISM Americas 40 kbps 1-10


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Stack Reference Model

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC (CPS)

ZigBee NWK

MAC (SSCS)

802.2 LLC

IP

API UDP

ZA1 ZA2 ZAn IA1 IAn

Transmission & reception on the

physical radio channel

Channel access, PAN maintenance,reliable data transport

Topology management, MAC

management, routing, discovery

protocol, security management

Application interface designed using

general profile

End developer applications,

designed using application profiles


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Protocol Stack Features

8-bit microcontroller

Full protocol stack


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Topology Models

PAN coordinator

Full Function Device

Reduced Function Device

Star

Mesh

Cluster Tree


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Slide 16

What IEEE 802.15.4 Addresses

IEEE 802.15.4

MAC and PHY only

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

Upper Layer Stack

IEEE 802.2 LLC Other LLC

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz PHY

IEEE 802.15.4868/915 MHz PHY


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Slide 17

So Why ZigBee?

Needed an organization with a mission to define a complete openglobal standardfor reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelesslynetworked products addressing monitoring and control

Alliance provides

upper layer stack and application profiles

compliance and certification testing

branding

Result is a set of recognizable, interoperable solutions


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Slide 18

Who is supporting the ZigBee Alliance?

Eight promoter companies Chipcon, Ember, Freescale, Honeywell, Mitsubishi, Motorola,

Philips and Samsung

A rapidly growing list (Now over 175) ofindustry leaders from 29 countriesspanning 6 continents committed toproviding ZigBee-compliant products and

solutions Companies include chip suppliers, wireless IP providers, OEMs,test equip manufacturers and end users


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Slide 19

The ZigBee Platform

IEEE 802.15.4

Public Application Profile

ZigBee Stack

Certified

Product

Compliant

Platform


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Slide 20

The ZigBee Platform

IEEE 802.15.4

Private Application Profile

ZigBee Stack

Compliant

Platform


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Slide 21

65,536 network (client) nodes

Optimized for timing-critical applications andpower management

Time to Join Network:


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Slide 22

Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking


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Slide 23

Slide Courtesy of



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Slide 24

Slide Courtesy of



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Slide 25

Slide Courtesy of



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Slide 26

Slide Courtesy of



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Slide 27

ZigBee Device Types

ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)

One and only one required for each ZB network. Initiates network formation. Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD). May act as router once network is formed.

ZigBee Router (ZR)

Optional network component. May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR. Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD). Participates in multihop routing of messages.

ZigBee End Device (ZED) Optional network component.

Shall not allow association. Shall not participate in routing.


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Slide 28

Network Structure


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ZigBee Home Control

G l C i l B ildi


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Slide 30

General Commercial Building

Automation

Quick Payback Leads to EarlyAdoption Obvious Uses

Lighting

HVAC

Alarm Systems Entry Systems

Less Obvious Uses Landscaping

Leak Detection

Pest Monitoring Humidity in Walls


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Slide 31

Patient Monitoring

May allow more patient freedom Monitors vital statistics and sends via internet

Patient can remain in their own home Lowers cost and improves comfort

Allows monitoring of elderly family member Sense movement or usage patterns in a home Notify via mobile phone when anomalies occur Can track behavior without visual spying Wireless panic buttons for falls or other problems Again lowers cost and improves patient lifestyle

Can be used in hospice care Patients are allowed greater movement Reduced staff to patient ratio Light way to bathroom when they get out of bed

Reduces patient confusion

graphic

graphic


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Slide 32

Microprocessor based devices with embeddedradios

Lighting Ballasts become control andcommunication nodes

Utilizes an open protocol for communicationZigBee

Mesh Network - Scalable, flexible up to 65,000network nodes

100% digital component based network ofdevices with the lighting infrastructureproviding the DLN backbone

Software and UIs determine the user

experience Distributed control of lighting From personal

space to enterprise control

Characteristics of a ZigBee LightingControl System

K l d i f Wi l


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Slide 33

Reduced cost and complexity of system installation

Simplicity of Commissioning

Key value drivers of a Wireless

Lighting Control system

Simplify Lighting Control Systemdesign in both new construction

and retrofit applications

K l d i f Wi l


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Slide 34

Easy and intuitive to usefacilitating improved worker

productivity

Operating cost and complexity reductions

Improved energy

management andcontrol

Key value drivers of a Wireless

Lighting Control system


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Slide 35

The ZigBee eco-system adds future value

SafetyAsset Tracking

SecurityMaintenance


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Applications ofSensor networks


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Applications of sensor networks

Military applications

Monitoring friendly forces, equipment andammunition

Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain Battlefield surveillance

Battle damage assessment

Nuclear, biological and chemical attack detection


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Environmental applications

Forest fire detection

Biocomplexity mapping of the environment

Flood detection

Precision agriculture


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Health applications

Tele-monitoring of human physiological data

Tracking and monitoring patients and doctors

inside a hospital

Drug administration in hospitals


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Home and other commercial applications

Home automation and Smart environment

Interactive museums

Managing inventory control

Vehicle tracking and detection Detecting and monitoring car thefts


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Factors InfluencingSensor Network Design

i fl i k


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Factors influencing sensor network

design

F i fl i k


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design

Fault Tolerance

Scalability

Hardware Constrains

Sensor Network Topology

Environment

Transmission Media

Power Consumption

F i fl i k


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design

Fault tolerance

Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor

network functionalities without any interruption

due to sensor node failures.

The fault tolerance level depends on the application

of the sensor networks.


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Factors influencing sensor

network design

Scalability

Scalability measures the density of the

sensor nodes.

Density = (R) =(N R2)/A

R Radio Transmission Range

F t i fl i t k


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design

Production costs

The cost of a single node is very important tojustify the overall cost of the networks.

The cost of a sensor node is a very challenging

issue given the amount of functionalities with aprice of much less than a dollar.

F t i fl i t k


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design

Hardware constraints

F t i fl i t k


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design

Sensor network topology

Pre-deployment and deployment phase

Post-deployment phase

Re-deployment of additional nodes phase

F t i fl i t k


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design

Environment Busy intersections

Interior of a large machinery

Bottom of an ocean Surface of an ocean during a tornado

Biologically or chemically contaminated field

Battlefield beyond the enemy lines

Home or a large building Large warehouse

Animals

Fast moving vehicles

Drain or river moving with current.

F t i fl i t k


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design

Transmission media

In a multihop sensor network, communicating

nodes are linked by a wireless medium. Toenable global operation, the chosen transmissionmedium must be available worldwide.

Radio

infrared

optical media

F t i fl i t k


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design

Power Consumption

Sensing

Communication

Data processing


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Thank you

wireless sensor networks – implementation and applications

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