wirelessly wonderful - since 2002 leading the digital ... · want to see all digital/analog and rf...

Wirelessly WonderfulSolutions for IoT

test challenges

11/27/2017

Alessandro Salsano

Key Account Manager

A&D

Agenda

• Major IoT Design and test challenges

1. Maximizing your device’s battery life

2. Debug complex digital/analog/RF system problems

3. Speeding your device through EMC compliance

4. Speeding your device through Wireless certification

5. Preparing for IoT network deployment

2

IoT Design and Test Challenge #1

Maximizing your device’s battery life

ArchitectureIOT WIRELESS, PORTABLE DEVICE

Sensor

Microprocessor

Microcontroller

Power

ManagementRadio

Power Source

An

ten

na

411/27/2017

IoT device power consumption analysisTYPICAL DEVICE POWER PROFILE

• Power Consumption Analysis

◦ Critical for IoT Device Design

◦ Directly translated into the success of any IoT

product

◦ Characterizing an IoT device power profile is

not a trivial design activityRealistic Power Usage Profile

Battery LifeSuccess IoT

Device

TransmitIndividual pulses for

Wake Up or

Transmission mode

can range from

hundreds of mA to

Amps, and can be as

narrow as a couple of

μs

Deep

Sleep

Currents can be

as low as

hundreds of nA

Load

Current

Sleep

Standby

Time

Currents range

from uAs to mAs

Currents range

from uAs to mAs

Typical Power

Usage Profile

▪ Assessing Battery Performance:

– How do I measure the very low battery currents

when the device is in sleep or standby mode?

– How do I measure the battery current during the

transmission bursts?

– How do I characterize total battery power

consumption?

– How does battery current change as the battery

discharges?

5

IoT power consumption analysisChallenges and Requirements

• Testing Challenge

◦ Accurately measuring a wide range of

currents from tens of nA (deep sleep mode)

to hundreds of mA (active mode)

◦ Capturing transient signals that lasts only μs

◦ Monitoring and saving for long period of time

▪ Typical power testing requirements:– High Accuracy for high quality characterization

in wide ranges

– High Sample-Rate with deep memory buffer and advance triggering capability to capture waveforms over time

– Ease of Use: Pinch-and-zoom touchscreen interface to quickly analyze waveforms

– High Precision Supply: Supply clean, stable, accurate DC power (supports high accuracy measurement)

Individual

Pulses

Wake Up or

Transmission

(100s mA - A)

Sleep Mode

Ultra-Low Power

Consumption (uA)

Standby Mode

Low Power

Consumption (mA)

6

Scope + Voltage Probe + Sense Resistor

Scope+ Current Probe

PicoammeterBroad

Purpose DMM

DMM7510Graphical Sampling

DMM

Dynamic Range ✓ ✓

Low Current ✓ ✓ ✓

High Current ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Sample Rate ✓ ✓ ✓

BW ✓ ✓ ✓

Trigger ✓ ✓ ✓

Internal Memory ✓ ✓

Graphical Display ✓ ✓ ✓

DMM7510 and Ammeter SOLUTIONSCOMMON CURRENT MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS TODAY

27 NOVEMBER 2017

27 NOVEMBER 2017 8

Battery Analysis and Simulation Solutions

HOW WELL DOES MY DEVICE WORK OVER THE LIFE OF THE BATTERY?

• Device must operate from full charge to

discharge

◦ Need to account for battery characteristics

▪ Voltage falls as the battery discharges

▪ Internal resistance rises as the battery discharges

◦ Need to efficiently and repeatedly test at

numerous states of the battery

VOCVT

++

- -

Product

Under

Test

+

-

RINT

Model 2281S

Enhancement to the Power Consumption Analysis Solution –Dynamically Simulate the Battery

• Test the DUT under the most realistic sourcing conditions

• Simulate different types of batteries based on battery models

• Simulate different battery conditions

◦ Avoid waiting for a battery to reach a specific condition

◦ Precisely replicate a test condition

9

VOCVT

++

- -

Product

Under

Test

+

-

RINT

Model 2281S

27 NOVEMBER 2017 10

Putting it All Together…

• Capture load current in all device states with the DMM7510

◦ Superior sensitivity - 1pA

◦ Fast sampling - 1MS/s digitizing

◦ Deep memory – 27.5 million readings

• Most realistic simulation of the battery with the 2281 Simulator

◦ Model accounts for changes in voltage and internal resistance

◦ Efficient and repeatable testing at any state of the battery

• Creation of the battery model with a 2450/2460 SMU

• TSP scripting makes an SMU a model generator

DUT

DMM7510

2281 Battery Simulator

2450

Model

AN OPTIMUM SOLUTION FOR DEVICE AND BATTERY LIFE TEST


Debug complex digital/analog/RF system problems

Wondering if your IoT device is transmitting?

Use Tektronix RSA USB Spectrum Analyzer

to:

• Verify your IoT device is transmitting

• Verify power level

• Verify frequency accuracy

12

Cost from $3,890

Frequency range 9kHz to 7.5 GHz

IF bandwidth 40 MHz

Uses real-time spectrum analysis

Powered by USB cable

Signal analysis software runs on PC

Basic spectrum analysis functions

✓ Numeric FFT spectrum

✓ DPX real-time spectrum (*)

✓ Spectrogram

✓ Channel Power, ACPR, CCDF

✓ Frequency mask violation

detection

Tracking Generator

Digital modulation options for

analysis of wireless standard

signals WLAN, BT, LTE, …(*) Learn more about Real Time Spectrum Analysis on www.Tektronix.com/spectrum-analyzer

http://www.tektronix.com/spectrum-analyzer

Basics of Real-Time Analysis

MP APRIL

2015

BASICS OF REAL-TIME SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

13

Traditional Swept Tuned, superheterodyne Spectrum Analyzer (SA)

Advantage

▪ Best suited for observing controlled, static signals

▪ High dynamic range


MP APRIL

2015


14

Disadvantage

▪ Transient events that occur outside the current sweep band are missed

▪ Cannot represent the spectrum of an impulse without repetitive sweeps

Swept Tuned Spectrum Analyzer


MP APRIL

2015


15

Vector Signal Analyzer (VSA)

▪ Modern FFT based analyzer

▪ Memory contains magnitude and phase information for modulation analysis

▪ Blind to events that occur between acquisitions

▪ Limited triggering capabilities

Capture

Bandwidth

Post Capture

Processing


MP APRIL

2015


16

Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer (RSA)

▪ Powerful Real-Time engine in parallel

▪ Gapless spectrum computations done in hardware

Basics of Real-Time Analysis / DPX™

MP APRIL

2015


17

▪ Powerful discovery Tool to make high spectrum rates visible (Live signal view)

▪ Tektronix patented Digital Phosphor technology (DPX)

▪ Combines advantages of modern digital Displays and old phosphor coated CRTs (Persistence, Brightness)

Temperature gradedDPX displayPhosphor coated CRT


Discrete

Fourier

Transform

Analog RF

To Digital

Conversion

Display

Color

Grading

Pixel

Buffer

Memory

1 Hz — 3/6.2/15/26.5 GHz Up to300/400 Msps

Up to 3.125M Spectrums/secAccumulate pixel count

and density statistics~30 Frame/s

RF Transform Sample Sets DFT Spectrums Pixel Histogram Temp. Grading

Real-Time Spectrum Analysis(DFT Computation is Completed Before Next Sample Set)

Micro-Processor

ADC CorrectionsDDC/

Decimation

DPX™ Memory

DPX™


MP APRIL

201519

Example 3D bitmap with 11x10 matrix

Hit count distribution after 1 update Hit count distribution after 9 updates


Marker → density of one single cell

Meas. box → avg. densityHit count distribution after 50 updates

Real-Time 3D-Bitmap / Matrix

Tektronix USB Spectrum Analyzer Comparison

RSA306B RSA500 Series RSA600 Series

Category Basic High Performance High Performance

Frequency Range 9 kHz - 6 GHz9 kHz - 3 GHz

9 kHz - 7.5 GHz9 kHz - 3 GHz

9 kHz - 7.5 GHz

Acquisition Bandwidth 40 MHz 40 MHz 40 MHz

SFDR 60 dB 70 dB 70 dB

Amplitude Accuracy +/- 0.8 dB +/- 0.5 dB +/- 0.5 dB

Frequency Accuracy 10^6 ppm10^6 ppm, 10^9 ppm GPS

trained10^6 ppm, 10^9 ppm GPS

trained

Max. Measurable Output Power

+ 20dBm + 30 dBm + 30 dBm

Tracking Generator N/A Available as option Available as option

Portability USB3.0 Powered Battery or AC Powered AC Powered

Best Fit Environment Field / Lab Field / Lab Lab

Popular Applications Addressed

- Basic RF Design- EMI/EMC Pre-compliance and

Troubleshooting- Basic WLAN Analysis

- Field Interference Hunting- Coverage Mapping

- Surveillance and Monitoring- Radio Network Maintenance

- Advanced WLAN/Bluetooth testing- Component Characterization

- Antenna Matching- RF Environment Record and Playback

Weight 1.6 lbs 7 lbs 6.35 lbs

Dimensions 1.3" X 5.6" X 7.5" 2.6" X 11.8" X 10.7" 3" X 14" X 8.8"

Typical IoT embedded module block diagram and common issues

22

Customer ApplicationMonolithic Wi-Fi Module(*)

An

ten

na

HW

Clock

Crystal

RF Front

End

Baseband

MAC Radio

Micro-

controller

SW

MEMORY/DSP (ASIC,

FPGA)

INTERFACE BUSSES

(USB, SATA, DDR,

etc.)

DC Power

VOLTAGE

REGULATION

I/O

Port

s

Clock signal radiations

may effect Wi-Fi output

System Noise

correlated with

interface

signal bursts

Power turn-on issues /

regulation issues)

Antenna

mismatch issues

How do I validate the integration of the software

and hardware layers within the interface?

(*) Certified Module doesn’t mean Certified End-Product

How do I know if the control

signals are switching correctly

How do I know if the radio

is turning on as expected?

Want to see all digital/analog and RF signals in one instrument ?

23

MDO4000C Mixed Domain Oscilloscopes

• 6 high performance instruments in one portable package

• Fast insights with reliable oscilloscope measurements

• Completely customizable and fully upgradeable

• Simultaneous synchronized capture of time and frequency domains

11/27/2017

TriggerGLOBAL

Acquisition

Control

Independent

Time Correlated

Record Length

Memory

A/D A/D A/D A/D

Computation

& Display

Memory

A/D

10GSs

DDC

I Q

Computation

& Display

Dedicated Hardware Optimized for

Analog & RF

BlockDownconverter

11/27/2017 24

Time Correlated Multi-Domain Display

• The amount of

time captured in

the top is

referred to as

Analog Time

• The orange bar

is referred to as

Spectrum Time

• The orange bar

indicates the

time period for

the spectrum

from RF input

Tim

e D

om

ain

F

req

uen

cy D

om

ain

Analog Time

Spectrum Time

11/27/2017 25

Time Correlated Multi-Domain Display

• Simple Radio

◦ SPI bus turns

on the

transmitter

◦ PLL voltage

controls

frequency

◦ Watch as radio

turns on and

changes

channel

11/27/2017 26

Tektronix 5 Series MSO

Reconfigurable scope inputs

(FlexChannelsTM)

4, 6 and 8 channel product

family

15.6” HD (1,920 x 1,080)

display with capacitive touch

User interface actually

designed for touch

Optional Windows operating

system

Five Industry Firsts!

1

3

2

5

4

Deep Analysis of Design Engineers’ Needs

Drove New Platform

Entirely New Platform in Every

Regard

• NEW ASIC combines traditional ADC,

Demux, Trigger, and digital acquisition

components in a single device enabling:

o More channels in a single instrument

o Tighter integration between analog

and digital channels

o Flexible configurations to meet any

debug challenge

• NEW lower-noise front-end amplifier

• NEW hardware architecture

• NEW software architecture

• NEW industrial design

• NEW user interface

Current Platform Board

NEW ASIC

5


Speeding your device through EMC compliance

EMI/EMC Definitions

• EMI/EMC

• Regulations

◦ Country/Region

◦ Industrial/Consumer

◦ Military

• Conducted Emissions

◦ Unwanted signals coupled to AC mains

• Radiated Emissions

◦ Unwanted signals broadcast from DUT

• Intentional Radiator

◦ Spectrum Emission Mask

◦ Power Limits

◦ Harmonic Content

• Susceptibility/Immunity

◦ Region dependent

30

EMI Testing Work FlowSCHEDULE TIME AT TESTING LAB

Design ~90%

CompletedExpensive

Compliance Test

Test House

Pass

EMI Troubleshooting

Fail

Pre-compliance

Test with

spectrum analyzer

In House

Fail

$$$

Time consuming

Report failures only

Catch problems early

Save time

Help design

EMI Pre-Compliance testing will save time/money by identifying problem areas

before they become expensive re-design issues

31

Setting Up A Pre-Compliance Test

• Utilize a metallic surface which can be grounded

• Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN)

• Pre-amp (Optional)

• Limiter (Optional)

• Make sure the instrument

can accommodate

gain/loss corrections

CONDUCTED EMISSIONS <30 MHZ

Tektronix RSA306

32

Setting Up A Pre-Compliance Test

• Identify an area with natural

RF shielding

◦ Basements

◦ Parking garages

• Watch out for DAS

◦ Used to help cellular coverage

• Non metallic platform for DUT

• We need to look at 360 around DUT

• Tripod/pre-amp optional but

recommended

RADIATED EMISSIONS >30 MHZ

Tektronix RSA306

33

Pre-Compliance Scan Tektronix RSA306B

• 30 MHz – 6.2 GHz

• 128,004 Trace Points

• ~ 7s (CISPR Peak)

• Shaded area = limit

• Auto ID limit failures

11/27/2017 34

Pre-Compliance Scan Path Loss/Gain

• Compensate for path

gain/loss

• Be careful of antenna

factor vs gain/loss

• Up to 3 different tables

at one time

11/27/2017 35

De-Bugging EMI Issues

• E-Field

◦ Stub

◦ High voltage, low current source

◦ Max sensitivity perpendicular to source

• H-Field

◦ Loop

◦ Low voltage, high current source

◦ Max sensitivity parallel to source

• Isolate sources of energy

• Measure relative changes

• Be Careful

36

NEAR FIELD PROBING


Speeding your device through wireless certification

Wireless standards certification

• Wireless standard certification is what allows to print a

wireless standard’s certified logo on a product …

• Many RF modules available that are “pre-certified”. But a

pre-certified RF module doesn’t guarantee a certified boxed

product

• Even small deviations from reference designs can cause

failures

• Changes to the RF path can put you at risk

• How your software interacts with the module may affect

compliance. HardwareSoftware

Software

Driver

Network Application

HostProcessor

Wi-FiChipset

Typical Wi-Fi Enabled Device

38

Protocol compliance: WiFi case

• WiFi Alliance

• Industry agreed requirements

• Protocol conformance

◦ Inter-operability

◦ Security

◦ Applications & services

• http://www.wi-fi.org/

39

http://www.wi-fi.org/

Using Tektronix’s wireless standard pre-certification solution

SignalVu-PC VSA Software

- Bluetooth pre-certification

- WLAN 802.11 pre-certification

- + Digital modulation analysis

for RFID, ZigBee, etc.RF Isolation Box

USB Spectrum Analyzer

Tektronix RSA306B

40

Tektronix RSA600A

Spectrum Emission Mask

• Measure with DUT directly connected to spectrum analyzer

◦ No antenna !

• Mask is relative on-channel power

• EUT is in operational state

◦ Must be able to check all modes of operation

◦ Must be able to operate on all frequencies

11/27/2017 41

Example: Spectrum Emission Mask

• RSA306 (40 MHz RT BW)

• Gated Spectrum Emission Mask

• Integrated Channel Power

11/27/2017 42

Wireless transceiver pre-certification in SignalVu-PC

43

Bluetooth pre-certification Test

(Low Energy, Basic Rate,

and Enhanced Data Rate )

WLAN pre-certification Test

(IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac)


Preparing for IoT network deployment

Your IoT device is not alone out there …

Microwave ovenBluetooth signal Wi-Fi signal

45

Verify the noise level in your IoT

device’s frequency band

Light and high performance!

Fits in your pocket

Tektronix RSA306B Tektronix RSA500A

Solves your toughest interference

problems and

Puts a 1 kg PC in your hands

instead of a 3 kg spectrum analyzer

Deployment of long range low data rate IoT networks

Long range low data rate IoT network operators require outdoor mapping of

measurements in order to validate operation frequency bands

Locate transmitters test signal quality/coverage

46

Use SignalVu-PC mapping Option to

Hunt indoor interference

47

mailto:[email protected]

wirelessly wonderful - since 2002 leading the digital ... · want to see all digital/analog and rf...

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