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WISCONSIN LAKES Courtesy of Lake Partnerships Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Association of Lakes University of Wisconsin Extension

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Page 1: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

WISCONSIN LAKES

Courtesy of Lake PartnershipsWisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wisconsin Association of LakesUniversity of Wisconsin Extension

Page 2: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Wisconsin’s Glacial LegacyDefinitions & Background

Page 3: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Wisconsin hasone of the largestconcentrationof fresh water glacial lakes onthe planet.

Wisconsin’s lakes

Page 4: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Lakes Provide Services

Ecosystem

Cultural

Societal

Page 5: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Recent History of Wisconsin’s Lakes

Steve Carpenter

Page 6: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Housing density 1940

Page 7: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Housing density 1990

Page 8: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Housing density 2010

Page 9: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Wisconsin’s Lakes are Changing Faster than Ever:

Algae blooms (phosphorus pollution)

Destruction of shoreline habitat

Invading plants andanimals

Steve Carpenter

Page 10: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

OVERVIEW Unique Properties of Water Lake Types Physical, Chemical, Biological and Habitat

Characteristics Technical Aspects

Page 11: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF WATER Universal Solvent Chemical Molecular Structure H20 Greatest Density at 4º C or 39º F

Page 12: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Living organisms (including us!) are ~70% water

71% Earth’s surface covered by water

<1% water on Earth is freshwater

.009% water on Earth is freshwater lakes

From waterencyclopedia.com

Unique Properties of Water

Page 13: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF WATER Physical

Properties 71% Earth’s

Surface Covered by Water

<1% Water on Earth is Freshwater

.009% water on Earth is Freshwater Lakes

Page 14: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

Page 15: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

OVERVIEW Unique Properties of Water Lake Types Physical, Chemical, Biological and Habitat

Characteristics Technical Aspects

Page 16: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LAKE TYPES Seepage Groundwater Drainage Drainage Impoundments Oxbow

Page 17: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

SEEPAGE LAKE Natural Lake Water Source

Groundwater Precipitation

No Stream Outlet/ Inlet

Page 18: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

SEEPAGE LAKE

Lake Types

Long & Des Moines Lakes, Burnett Co.

Shell Lake, Washburn Co.

Whitefish Lake, Douglas Co.,

Potowotomi Lakes, Bayfield Co.

Page 19: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

SEEPAGE LAKE

Round Lake, Chippewa County

Page 20: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE Natural Lake Water Source

Groundwater Precipitation Limited Runoff

Has Stream Outlet

Page 21: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

GROUNDWATER DRAINAGE LAKE

Sand Lake, Chippewa County

Page 22: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

DRAINAGE LAKE Water Source

Streams Groundwater Precipitation Runoff

Stream Drained

Page 23: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

DRAINAGE LAKE

Long Lake, Chippewa County

Page 24: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

IMPOUNDMENT A manmade lake Dammed River

or Stream

Page 25: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

IMPOUNDMENT

Lake Altoona, Eau Claire County

Page 26: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

OXBOW

Half Moon Lake, Chippewa County Lake Hallie, Chippewa County

Page 27: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

OVERVIEW Unique Properties of Water Lake Types Physical, Chemical, Biological and Habitat

Characteristics Technical Aspects

Page 28: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Mixing / Stratification Lake Depth Retention Time / Flushing Rate Drainage Basin/ Lake Area Ratio Landscape Position Influence of Watershed Runoff

Page 29: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

MIXING/ STRATIFICATION

Page 30: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LAKE DEPTH MATTERS Deep Lakes

Stratify

Shallow LakesContinuous Nutrient Recycling

Page 31: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Lake Level vs Lake Volume

Page 32: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

RETENTION TIME/FLUSHING RATE How long would it

take to fill a drained lake?

Retention Time Matters

Long Lake & Altoona Long Lake, 7years Lake Altoona, 22days

Page 33: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

DRAINAGE BASIN/LAKE AREA RATIO Seepage Lake- small Drainage Lake- large

watershed Seepage Lake w/

drainage area mapped Round Lake

Page 34: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LANDSCAPE POSITION

Page 35: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS Chemical Characteristics Limiting Nutrient Concept P vs N Lake 227

Page 36: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS Nutrients

P N

pH Hardness/ Alkalinity Dissolved Oxygen

(optimum 5 ppm)

Page 37: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Source: The Biology of Lakes and Ponds, by Christer Bronmark and Lars-Anders Hansson

Page 38: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Phactoids: Importance of P to organisms

Phosphorus is a critical nutrient Genetic molecules: DNA, RNA Structural molecules: phospholipids in cell walls Energy metabolism: ATP Every living organism needs phosphorus

A little P goes a long way 1 lb of P can produce 500 lb of algae, and that P can be recycled many

times

Phosphorus is less abundant than most other nutrients Both N and P tend to be high in demand by organisms, relative to their

supply in the environment N is often the limiting nutrient in terrestrial and marine ecosystems (with

P close behind...) But in lakes, P is nearly always the principal limiting nutrient

Page 39: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LIMITING NUTRIENT PRINCIPLE…That Nutrient in Least Supply

Relative to Plant Needs

N:P Ratio in plant Tissue 10:1 - 15:1

If the Ratio of N:P in Water is<10:1 Nitrogen Limited>15:1 Phosphorus Limited

Page 40: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

PHOSPHORUS LIMITATIONLAKE 227

Page 41: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS/ CHLOROPHYLL a RELATIONSHIP Phosphorus

causes algaeto grow

Page 42: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Ecoregions

5 10 20 50 100 200

12

510

2050

100

200

Total Phosphorus (g L)

Chl

orop

hyll

a (

gL)

N Lakes & ForestsN Central Hardwood ForestsSE Wisc Till PlainsDriftless Area

N = 602

Page 43: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Why Develop the Criteria? Obvious water quality problems in state caused by

excess nutrient loading

Numeric goals for protecting or restoring Recreational and Fish and Aquatic Life Uses

EPA requirement

Page 44: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Specific Lake Criteria 2-story fishery lakes – 15 ug/l

Stratified seepage lakes – 20 ug/l

Stratified drainage lakes – 30 ug/l

Stratified reservoirs – 30 ug/l

Non-stratified lakes – 40 ug/l

Non-stratified reservoirs – 40 ug/l

Page 45: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

TROPHIC STATE INDEX

Page 46: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS Viruses/ Bacteria/

Fungi Primary - Producers

Algae/ Macrophyte Zooplankton/ Inverts Fish

Page 47: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

ALGAE Primary Energy Source

for Invertebrates Can be Nuisance and

Human Health Issue Produce O2

Page 48: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Human Health Concerns

Toxic algae

Page 49: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

http://dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/bluegreenalgae/#NewProg

Page 50: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Where Algal Toxins Were Found in High Levels

Lake Petenwell23,040 ac.

Lake Castle Rock13,955 ac.

Eau Pleine Reservoir6,830 ac.

Winnebago Lake137,708 ac.

Lake Wisconsin9,000 ac

Beaver Dam Lake6,542 ac.

Tainter Lake1,752 ac.Menomin Lake1,405

Blue Green Algae Toxic Waters

200,000 PLUS Acres

Page 51: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers

Page 52: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

ZOOPLANKTON &AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES

ZooplanktonDragonfly

Page 53: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

FISHPlanktivorePiscivoreBenthivore

Page 54: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

TROPHIC PYRAMID

Page 55: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Fish species vary relative to lake trophic status

Page 56: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LAKE HABITAT ZONES

Page 57: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Oligotrophic Northern Lake Eutrophic Southern Lake

LAKE LITTORAL ZONE Functions

Intercepts Nutrients Refuge from Predators Nursery for Fish

Page 58: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNS OF DEGRADATION

Page 59: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LOSS OF WATER CLARITY

Page 60: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

HYPOLIMNETIC DO DEPLETION

Page 61: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

HARMFUL ALGAE BLOOMS

Page 62: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

FISHERIES DEGRADATION

Page 63: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LEAVING A LEGACY

Help Protect Wisconsin’s…WATER RESOURCES.

Page 64: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

PALEOLIMNOLGY

Page 65: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

PALEOLIMNOLGY

Page 66: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Despite all this…..Despite all this…..

Page 67: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Where Algal Toxins Were Found in High Levels

Lake Petenwell23,040 ac.

Lake Castle Rock13,955 ac.

Eau Pleine Reservoir6,830 ac.

Winnebago Lake137,708 ac.

Lake Wisconsin9,000 ac

Beaver Dam Lake6,542 ac.

Tainter Lake1,752 ac.Menomin Lake1,405

Blue Green Algae Toxic Waters

200,000 PLUS Acres

Page 68: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Algal toxinsA threat to both human and animal health

Page 69: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LAND USE AND WATERSHED IMPACTS

Page 70: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

2) Land is a concentrated nutrient source

60 microgram/

liter

300,000 microgram/

liter

Page 71: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Empirical Watershed ModelsPhosphorus export coefficients - developed basedusing monitoring data.

WISCONSIN VALUES

Land Cover TP Export kg/ha/yr

High Density Urban 1.5 Row Crop Agriculture 1.0Mixed Agriculture 0.8Grass / Pasture 0.3Medium Density Urban 0.5Low Density Urban 0.1Forested 0.09

Page 72: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Phosphorus transport

from Sturgul & Bundy 2004; UW-Madison & UW-Extension, Dept. of Nutrient & Pest Mgt.

-- P is transported by runoff in both (1) dissolved [DP] and (2) particulate forms [PP].

-- GW-P is usually low, ~10-15 ppb

Page 73: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

RESIDENTIAL DEVLOPMENT

Page 74: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

AGRICULTURE IMPACTS

Page 75: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

P Loading Sources to Lake Mendota

Cropland

48%

Existing Urban Areas 6%

Construction Sites

19%

Barnyards 21%

Streambanks 6% Source: Dane Co. Land Conservation Dept.

Page 76: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of inputs and outputs used to calculate a P budget for the Lake Mendota watershed for 1995.

P in = 1,307 MT P out = 732 MTP Storage = + 575 MT !!

(from Bennett et al. 1999)

Lake Mendota Watershed P Budget

= 34 MT

Page 77: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Carlos, Latoka, Lobster, Mary

Red Rock

Page 78: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Courtesy of MN DNR

Domestication of Wisconsin

Lakes

Page 79: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

LAKE HABITAT ZONES

Page 80: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Without habitat, they are gone

Page 81: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Shoreland green frog trends

Source: Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources

Page 82: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Data: U.W. BioComplexity project

Page 83: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

logGrowthRate(mm/yr)

Woody Habitat (no./km)

High Development

Low Development

Undeveloped

High Development

Low Development

Undeveloped

From Schindler et al. 2000

Fish grow ~3X faster in lakes with lots of woody habitat

Page 84: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton
Page 85: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

spiny waterflea

Eurasian water-milfoil

curly-leaf pondweed

zebra mussels

Aquatic Invasive Species in Wisconsin

John LyonsAsian Carp

Page 86: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

How do they get here?

Ballast water Stocking Nursery industry Bait industry Aquarium trade Aquaculture

www.usco.com

Page 87: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

How do they spread?

Boaters Anglers Other water users Natural dispersal

Page 88: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Why do we care? Economic impacts

Fishing industry, tourism, property values

Ecological impacts Native fish, invertebrates, plants

Recreational impacts Boating, angling, swimming

Page 89: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Wisconsin’s AIS Program

Prevent introduction and limit the spread of aquatic invasive species

Page 90: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

Program Goals Focus on containment Increase AIS awareness &

responsible behaviors Strengthen partnerships

Page 91: WISCONSIN LAKES Green Algae Toxic Waters 200,000 PLUS Acres AQUATIC PLANTS Habitat Energy Dissipation O2 Producers ZOOPLANKTON & AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Zooplankton

AIS Program Elements Education & Outreach Watercraft Inspection Citizen Lake Monitoring Purple Loosestrife Biological Control Aquatic Invasive Species Grants Research Rules to Prevent Spread


Brick 10000145: Aquatic Invertebrates – Prepared/Processed ... · Page 3 of 73 Brick 10000146: Aquatic Invertebrates – Prepared/Processed (Perishable) Definition Includes any

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Chapter 3 AND OTHER AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES addition of a

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Survey of Aquatic Invertebrates Lifestyles of the Spineless and Gilled

Aquatic Invertebrates in Still and Flowing WatersAll aquatic invertebrates must breathe oxygen. The best source of oxygen is the air. Many aquatic invertebrates take their oxygen directly

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15. FISH AND AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES...Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates—Bristol Bay Drainages November 17, 2011 15.1-3 ... upstream did not appear to have been transported downstream

Invasive Aquatic Plants in New Jersey -InvasiveAquaticPlants_ChrisD_05.02.2017.pdfMay 02, 2017  · Aquatic Biota Habitat • Fish • Aquatic Invertebrates • Zooplankton (Refuge)

Measures of Progress A Case Study on How to Determine ... · benthic invertebrates –Net sweep sampling to capture invertebrates in the water column and vegetation 22 Aquatic Invertebrates

Aquatic Invertebrates as Unlikely Vectors of Buruli …...for aquatic invertebrates during 2004, 2005, or both. Small maps on left show location of Ghana in Africa and location of

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Erman, N. 1996. Status of aquatic invertebrates. In Sierra Nevada

The Role of Aquatic Invertebrates in Processing of Wood …andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub1673.pdf · 2010-11-12 · The Role of Aquatic Invertebrates in Processing of

A Checklist of the Aquatic Invertebrates of the Delaware ... · 2 A Checklist of the Aquatic Invertebrates of the Delaware River Basin, 1990-2000 Figure 1. Ecoregions and locations

CHAPTER 2 AQUATIC INVERTEBRATESinvertebrates. Aquatic invertebrates feed on a variety of food types including tree leaves, algae, wood, detritus, other invertebrates, and even some

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Aquatic Invertebrates of South African Rivers Field Guide English

Aquatic Invertebrates Poster

Identifi cation And Life History Of Common Aquatic ...agrilife.org/.../2013/...Of-Common-Invertebrates.pdf · Common Aquatic Pond Invertebrates Page 4 Zooplankton are comprised of

Additional Sampling for Aquatic Invertebrates, Tiger ... · Aquatic Invertebrates Aquatic invertebrate surveys in 2017 identified 1528 individuals from 62 species. Of these, three

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Fresh Water Aquatic Invertebrates INVERTEBRATES · 2015. 1. 12. · Fresh Water Aquatic Invertebrates INVERTEBRATES Photo: Chris Raithel ~See map disclaimer in profiles introduction

 · Web viewAppendix 2-8: Chlorpyrifos Species Sensitivity Distribution Analysis for Aquatic Invertebrates Summary SSDs were fit to toxicity data for aquatic invertebrates exposed

CHAPTER 2 AQUATIC INVERTEBRATESdep.wv.gov/WWE/getinvolved/sos/Documents/Benthic/UMW/AquaticI… · invertebrates. Aquatic invertebrates feed on a variety of food types including tree

Impact of Forest Fire on Aquatic Invertebrates in ... · aquatic invertebrates and physicochemical variables. Water for trace metals and nutrient analyses was collected at the center

International Research Journal of Animal and Veterinary ...macro-invertebrates which includes mosquito larvae, other small insect larvae, zooplankton and aquatic plants such as algae

Fresh Water Aquatic Invertebrates INVERTEBRATESFresh Water Aquatic Invertebrates INVERTEBRATES Image: Chris Raithel ~See map disclaimer in profiles introduction Description The freshwater

Aquatic invertebrates and water quality monitoring in the Little Luckiamute River Aquatic invertebrates and water quality monitoring in the Little Luckiamute

AEE & AMBibed.uva.nl/.../aquatic-microbiology/amb--aee-2016_2017-web.pdf · environments. Aquatic micro-organisms include viruses, bacteria, phyto-plankton, fungi, and zooplankton

The impact of pesticides on nontarget aquatic invertebrates in

Processing Aquatic Invertebrates - ABMIftp.public.abmi.ca/home/publications/documents/396_Hinchliffe_201… · aquatic invertebrates from debris and sediment, and sort the target

Hemolymph Microbiomes of Three Aquatic Invertebrates as … · these three invertebrates. Our results demonstrate that the hemolymph of aquatic invertebrates harbors a much higher