External Use

TM

Hands-on Workshop: Design

Healthcare Applications

with Freescale Microcontrollers

FTF-HCR-F0197

A P R . 2 0 1 4

Alejandra Guzmán | Applications Engineer

TM

External Use 1

Agenda

• Non-Communicable diseases

• Portable healthcare applications

• Measurement Engine

• Pulse Oxymetry

• Lab 1: Measure the % of oxygen on your blood stream

• Low Power

• Lab 2: See RTC wakeup functionality

TM

External Use 2

What Kills More People Worldwide ?

Noncommunicable diseases - 2011

Noncommunicable diseases - 2000

66% 36 million

Data gather from the world health organization

60% 31 million

TM

External Use 3

Non-communicable diseases 1. Cardiovascular 2. Cancer 3. Diabetes 4. Chronic lung diseases

Data gather from the world health organization

TM

External Use 4

Non-Communicable Diseases

2.8

million died each year

(ie.: a consequence of being

overweight or obese) 9% of adults aged 25 and over

had high blood glucose in

2008

40% of adults aged 25

and over had high

blood pressure in

2008

80% of premature heart disease, stroke and

diabetes can be prevented

Data gather from the world health organization

TM

External Use 5

Portable Healthcare Applications

TM

External Use 6

General Architecture of a Healthcare device

Connectivity

Ethernet

USB

MCU/MPU

Audio

Codec Power

Mgmt.

Vref RTC

Sensors

Signal Conditioning

Actuators

Touch

Sensors

Freescale

Offering

Energy

Harvesting

DAC

ADC

EEPROM

Wi-fi

LCD

Driver

BT/LE

Zigbee®

TM

External Use 7

Kinetis L Series Product Roadmap Energy Efficiency, Scalable, Mixed-Signal 32-bit MCUs, Based on ARM® Cortex-M0+™

Kinetis L Series

Memory Density 32KB 64KB 128KB 256KB 8KB 16KB

Inte

gra

tio

n &

Pe

rfo

rma

nce

KL02

KL16 – w/ 16bit ADC, DAC, TSI, I2S KL15 – w/ 16bit ADC, DAC, TSI KL14 – General Purpose

KL05 – w/ RTC, DMA, DAC, TSI KL04 – w/ RTC, DMA KL02 – Entry Level

KL26 – w/ 16bit ADC, DAC, TSI, I2S KL25 – w/ 16bit ADC, DAC, TSI KL24 – USB

KL36 – w/ 16bit ADC, DAC, TSI, I2S KL34 – SLCD

KL46 – SLCD + USB w/ 16bit ADC, DAC, TSI, I2S

KL02 KL02

KL04 KL04 KL04

KL05 KL05 KL05

KL14 KL14

KL15 KL15 KL15

KL16 KL16 KL16 KL16

KL24 KL24

KL25 KL25 KL25

KL26 KL26 KL26 KL26

KL34

KL36 KL36 KL36

KL46 KL46

TM

External Use 8

Pe

rfo

rman

ce

Memory Density 32KB 64KB 128KB 256KB 512KB 1MB

50 MHz

72 MHz

100 MHz

120 MHz

150 MHz

Kinetis K Series

Kinetis K-Series Product Roadmap ARM Cortex-M4 solutions for a wide range of embedded applications

2MB

K1x – Baseline

K30 – SLCD

K40 – SLCD + USB

K60/K61–Ethernet w/optional Tamper

K70 – Graphics

K2x – USB

K5x – Measurement ( Medical )

K10D / K20D

180 MHz

Production

K10D / K20D K10D / K20D

K30D / K40D K30D / K40D K30D / K40D

K10D / K20D K10D / K20D K10D / K20D

K30D / K40D K30D / K40D K30D / K40D

K5xD K5xD

K60D K60D

K10F / K20F K10F / K20F

K60F / K61F K60F / K61F

K70F K70F

K60F / K61F K60F / K61F

K70F K70F

K11D / K21D

K12D / K22D

K11D / K21D

K12D / K22D

K11D / K21D

K12D / K22D

K24F

K64F K63F / K64F

K11 – Baseline w/Tamper MCUs

K24 – USBs MCU w/ extended RAM

K63/K64–Ethernet w/ optional Tamper

TM

External Use 9

I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I I

K30 Family M4 / 72-100MHz

64-512KB

64-144pin

I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I I

K20 Family M4 / 50-120MHz

32KB-1MB

32-144pin

I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I I

K10 Family M4 / 50-120MHz

32KB-1MB

32-144pin

I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I I

K40 Family M4 / 72-100MHz

64-512KB

64-144pin

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I K50 Family

72-100MHz

128-512KB

64-144pin

I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I I

K60 Family 100-150MHz

256KB-1MB

100-256pin

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

K70 Family 120-150MHz

512KB-1MB

196-256pin

+ USB

+ Segment

LCD

+ Segment

LCD

+ USB

+ Ethernet

+ Encryption

+ Tamper Detect

+ DRAM Controller

8/16-bit

MCU

+ Graphics

LCD

I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I

I I

I I I

I I

I I I

KL0 Family M0+ / 48MHz

8KB-32KB

24-48pin KL10 Family M0+ / 48MHz

32KB-256KB

32-80pin

KL30 Family M0+ / 48MHz

64KB-256KB

64-121pin

KL40 Family M0+ / 48MHz

128KB-256KB

64-121pin

KL20 Family M0+ / 48MHz

32KB-256KB

32-121pin

+ Analog Engine

+ Ethernet

+ Encryption

Kinetis Family Compatibility K – L Series

TM

External Use 10

SWD

Interface MTB

Interrupt

Controller

ARM Cortex-M0+

48MHz

DMA

BME

Low-

Leakage

Wakeup

Program Flash

32-256KB

SRAM

4-32KB

Low & High

Frequency

Oscillators

4MHz/

32KHz IRC

Unique ID 16ch 12/16-

bit SAR

ADC

High Speed

Analog

Comparator

6ch

Timer/PWM

Low Power

Timer

Periodic

Interrupt

Timers

RTC

Low Power

UART

UART x2

Up to 80

GPIO

with 25

Interrupt

/4 high drive

Core System Memories Clocks

Security

and Integrity

Analog Timers Communication Interfaces HMI

SPI x2

2x 2ch

Timer/PWM

Internal

Watchdog

I2S

32-Byte

Register File

1KHz LPO

FLL/PLL

I2C x2

16ch Touch

Sensor

Interface 12-bit DAC

USB FS

OTG

USB Voltage

Regulator

Kinetis L Series

Kinetis KL2x Family

TM

External Use 11

Kinetis K50 Family

Core

ARM® Cortex™- M4

72/100 MHz

Debug

Interfaces DSP

Interrupt

Controller

System Memories Clocks

Timers Communication

Interfaces

HMI Analog Security

and Integrity

Internal and

External

Watchdogs

Memory

Protection Unit

(MPU)

DMA

Low–Leakage

Wake-Up Unit

Program Flash

(64 to 512 KB)

FlexMemory

(32 to 256 KB)

(2 to 4 KB EE)

Serial

Programming

Interface

(EZPort)

SRAM

(32 to 128 KB)

External Bus

Interface

(FlexBus)

Phase-Locked

Loop

Low/High-

Frequency

Oscillators

Internal

Reference

Clocks

Flequency-

Locked Loop

Cyclic

Redundancy

Check (CRC)

16-bit ADC

PGA

Analog

Comparator

with 6-bit DAC

12-bit DAC

Voltage

Reference

FlexTimer

Carrier

Modulator

Transmitter

Programmable

Delay Block

Periodic

Interrupt

Timers

Low-Power

Timer

Independent

Real-Time

Clock (RTC)

Secure Digital

Host Controller

(SDHC)

I2C

UART

(ISO 7816)

IEEE 1588

Ethernet MAC

SPI

I2S GPIO

Xtrinsic Low-

Power Touch –

Sensing

Interface

Standard Feature

Optional Feature

Segment LCD

Controller

USB OTG

(LS/FS/HS)

USB Voltage

Regulator

USB Device

Charger Detect

(DCD)

Random

Number

Generator

Cryotographic

Acceleration

Unit (CAU)

OPAMP

TRIAMP IEEE® 1588

Timer

Kinetis K Series

TM

External Use 12

Standard Feature

Optional Feature

Debug

Interfaces DSP

Interrupt

Controller Floating Point

Unit (sFPU)

ARM Cortex-M4

Up to 120 MHz

Internal and

External

Watchdogs

Memory

Protection Unit

(MPU)

16-ch DMA

Low-Leakage

Wake-Up Unit

Program Flash

(Up to 1MB)

SRAM

(256KB)

External Bus

Interface

(FlexBus)

Serial

Programming

Interface

(EzPort)

Phase-Locked

Loop

Frequency-

Locked Loop

Low/High

Frequency

Oscillators

Internal

Reference

Clocks

Cyclic

Redundancy

Check (CRC)

Up to 2 x16-

bit ADC

3 x ACMP

Up to 2 x

12-bit

DAC

FlexTimer

Programmable

Delay Block

Periodic

Interrupt

Timers

Low-Power

Timer

Independent

Real-Time

Clock (RTC)

3xI2C 1xI2S

3xSPI

1 x USB OTG

(LS/FS) +

PHY

6xUARTs

Secure

Digital Host

Controller

(SDHC)

GPIO

Core System Memories Clocks

Security

and Integrity

Analog Timers Communication Interfaces HMI

USB

Voltage

Regulator

IEEE 1588

Ethernet

MAC DRY ICE

Cryptographic

Acceleration

Unit (CAU)

Random

Number

Generator

Up to 4KB

EEPROM

(Flexmemory)

CAN

Vref

Kinetis K63 – K64

Kinetis K Series

TM

External Use 13

+/-250mV analogue I/O pads with 6kV PESD

Kinetis M Series

Kinetis M Series

TM

External Use 14

Hardware System

Open source hardware

platform for prototyping

application development

+ CodeWarrior IDE

Visual and automated

framework to accelerate

development time

Create, configure,

optimize, migrate,

and deliver

software components

+ Processor Expert + Freescale MQX

Comprehensive solution

for embedded control

and connectivity

MQX Core

PSP & BSP

Complimentary MQX RTOS

+ Freemaster

Real-time debug monitor

and

data visualization tool

Kinetis Tools Freescale Microcontroller Enablement Bundle

TM

External Use 15

Product Longevity

• Freescale has a product longevity program for the

market segments that we serve.

• For the automotive and medical segments, Freescale has a broad

range of devices available for a minimum of 15 years

• For all other segments in which Freescale participates, Freescale

has a broad range of devices available for a minimum of 10 years

• Life cycles begin at the time of launch. A list of participating

products is available at www.freescale.com/productlongevity

TM

External Use 16

Healthcare AFE Reference Platform

TM

External Use 17

Announcing the Healthcare AFE Reference Platform

• Speed development time for portable medical devices with a

complete hardware platform, schematics and software.

Gain Valuable Healthcare Expertise • Proven leader

• Medical Center of Excellence

• Leadership in Continua Health Alliance

• Strong partner ecosystem

Lower Development Costs • Reduce system cost, board size and complexity

• Scalability and analog measurement engine

• Tower System

• 15 years assured supply

Speed Time to Market • Accelerate development time

• Comprehensive design platform

• Kinetis K53 MCU

• Online, on-demand resources

TM

External Use 18

Healthcare Plug-In Boards

MED-BPM • Blood pressure monitors

• Isolation circuitry for an air

pump and escape valve,

designed for 3–3.3 V

MED-SP02 • Pulse oximetry solution

requiring an SpO2 or beats per

minute determination using

non-invasive procedures

• Reduced in size

MED-EKG • EKG, heart rate monitoring

• Scalable

MED-STETH • Digital stethoscopes, fetal

heart rate monitors

• Based on ultrasonic waves

MED-GLU • Single-board glucometer solution

• Reduced in size

• Together with Tower System, a

complete solution including serial

communications and LCD screens

MED-SPI • Spirometer solution

• Differential pressure sensor

that facilitates the

measurement of air flow and

allows calculation of lung

capacity measurement

Cardio-

vascular

Respiratory Metabolic

TM

External Use 19

External Analog Partner

• Precision analog IP is VERY important to the accuracy of

healthcare devices.

• For greater flexibility and to satisfy the needs of the most

demanding applications, Freescale partnered with Linear

Technology.

• Plug-in boards featuring Linear Technology’s Operations

Amplifiers are included for these applications:

− Pulse Oximetry

− EKG

− Blood Glucose Monitoring

− Blood Pressure Monitoring

TM

External Use 20

Precision Analog Improves Accuracy

The challenge

Increase device accuracy without increasing cost.

The FDA is requiring higher accuracy on most medical devices and changes to healthcare provide significant cost pressure.

The solution

Integrated precision analog. Integrating precise analog components such as Op Amps, Tri Amps, high resolution

ADC, and DACs.

Ideal solution

Platforms w/ Flexible Analog Freescale offers customers fully integrated analog solutions that are pin compatible and

scalable.

Freescale solutions contain key analog peripherals needed to connect to a custom analog ASIC.

TM

External Use 21

Measurement Engine

TM

External Use 22

Analog peripherals on Kinetis

• Common Features

• Family dependent

− 24-bit ∑∆ ADC only available on Kinetis M

− OPAMPs and TRIAMPs only available on Kinetis K5x

16-bit

ADC

High-Speed

Comparators VREF

PGA 24-bit

∑∆

OPAMP

TRIAMP

12-bit

DAC

TM

External Use 23

16-bit SAR ADC

• DMA support

• Single-Ended or Differential inputs

• Operation in low power modes

• Hardware conversion trigger

• Hardware average (4,8,16,32)

• Hardware compare (2 thresholds)

• External or internal voltage reference

• ENOB = 14.5 (16-bit differential)

• Self-calibration

TM

External Use 24

Comparator

• Rail to rail inputs

• 6-bit DAC for supply reference source

• Selectable interrupt: rising, falling or both edges

• Wide range of outputs: sampled, windowed, digital filter

• Two software selectable performance levels

• DMA transfer support

• Functional in all modes of operation[1]

Window & Filter functions are not available on Stop,VLPS,LLS,VLLSx

TM

External Use 25

Programmable Gain Amplifier

Designed to increase Dynamic Range

Amplifies low-amplitude signals before they are fed to the 16-bit SAR

ADC

607.8125 mV

600 mV

15.625

mV

pp592.1875

mV

1.2 V

0.2 V

0.7 V

1.2 V

0.2 V

0.7 V

607.8125 mV

600 mV

15.625

mV

pp

592.1875 mV

PGA

PGA_DP

Gain = 64

PGA_DM

ADC16

ADC16_DP

ADC16_DM

1.2 V

0.2 V

0.7 V

27306 LSB

-27307 LSB

0

VPPADC,DIF = 31.25 mVpp

TM

External Use 26

24-bit ∑∆ ADC

• 24-bit (after averaging) ∑∆ ADC with PGA

• Option to bypass the PGA

• PGA with 7 µA sensitivity

• Single ended or Differential mode

• ±250 mV (1 Vpp differential, 0.5 Vpp single ended) input range

• Supports external modulators when AFE is bypassed

• DMA request on conversion complete

TM

External Use 27

TRIAMPs & OPAMPs

Electrical OPAMP TRIAMP

Offset current ±3 mV ±3 mV

Offset voltage ±500 pV ±300 pV

Bias current ±500 pA ±300 pA

Input range 0 to

VDDA

-0.1 to

VDDA - 1.4V

• Signal conditioning

• OPAMPs provide internal gain options

• OPAMPs configurable inputs

• Specifically for limited temperature range ( 0°C to 50°C )

TM

External Use 28

12-bit DAC

• On-chip programmable reference generator output

• Voltage range from 1/4096 VIN to VIN

• VIN can be selected from two reference sources (internal, external)

• Data buffer, configurable watermark, multiple operation modes

• DMA support

TM

External Use 29

100

LQFP ADC0 PGA0 OPAMP0 DAC0

TRIAM

P0 CMP0 ADC1 PGA1 OPAMP1 CMP1 VREF CMP2

13 DP1 DP0

14 DM1 DM0

15 DP1 DP0 DM1

16 DM1 DM0

17 DP0 DP DP3

18 DM0 DM DM3

19 DP3 DP0 DP

20 DM3 DM0 DM

25 SE22 DP2 SE16 OUT DP2 IN2

26 SE16 SE21 OUT DP1 IN2

27 IN5 SE18 IN5 OUT

28 OUT DM2

29 DM

30 DP

33 SE22 IN5

34 SE23 DP4 OUT DP4 IN3

35 DP5 IN4 SE23 DP5 IN3

Analog Pinout K5x

TM

External Use 30

Sampling with the Best Current Consumption

Sample 2 ADC inputs at 48ksps without CPU load

ADC0 INA

Result 1A

Result 1B

Result 2A

Result 2B

DMA0

DMA1

INB RUN mode

96 ksps

INA

INB

ADC0

ADC1

Result Buffer A

Result Buffer B

DMA0

DMA1

48 ksps

48 ksps

VLPR mode

IDD IDDA

Run 20.8 mA 186 uA

VLPR 3.01 mA 488 uA

TM

External Use 31

Pulse Oxymetry

TM

External Use 32

Pulse Oximetry Fundamentals

• Body cells need oxygen to gain energy.

• Oxygen transport is performed by the

circulatory system.

1. Deoxygenated blood enters the heart.

2. Heart pumps blood to the lungs.

3. At the lungs, blood passes through the

alveoli, where gas exchange is performed,

leaving oxygenated blood.

4. Blood is pumped back to the aorta.

TM

External Use 33

Pulse Oximetry Fundamentals

• Blood red cells contain a protein called hemoglobin

• When oxygen reacts with this protein, it generates Oxyhemoglobin

(HbO2)

• HbO2 circulates through the body irrigating tissues. When it gets in

contact with a cell, the hemoglobin releases oxygen and becomes

Deoxyhemoglobin (Hb)

• At this point, blood without oxygen returns to the heart to

repeat the process

TM

External Use 34

Pulse Oximeter SPO2

• A pulse oximeter is the non-invasive measurement of oxygen

saturation SpO2. It works according to two physical principles:

1. The fact that oxyhemoglobin HbO2 and hemoglobin Hb have

different absorption spectra

2. The presence of a pulse wave generated by changes of

volume

TM

External Use 35

Pulse Oximeter SPO2

• Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is defined as the

ratio of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) to the total

concentration of hemoglobin (HbO2 +

deoxyhemoglobin).

• Hb has a higher absorption at 660 nm red

and HbO2 higher absorption at 940 nm

infrared.

Red660 nm

Infrared940 nm

Ph

oto

dete

cto

r

Tissue & Bone

Venous blood

Arterial blood

DC

AC

TM

External Use 36

Pulse Oximeter SPO2

The pulse oximeter analyzes the light absorption of two wavelengths

from the pulsatile added volume of oxygenated arterial blood.

Filter & Amplification

PWM

GPIO

LED driver

Red

Infrared

Current to voltage converter

SPO2

Sensor

Infrared Voltage

ADC

Kinetis MED-SPO2

Red Voltage

TM

External Use 37

Lab 1: Measure the % of oxygen on your blood stream

TM

External Use 38

Kinetis K5x

Low Power Boards

TM

External Use 39

Low Power Board

MCU

144 MAPBGA

K51 72MHz

K50 100MHz

K60 100MHz

Analog circuitry

JTAG

Power

USB

HMI

3V coin cell or

USB power

RTC wakeup pin

Potentiometers

External temperature sensor

Medical connector

Glucose meters testing circuit

TWRPIs Segment LCD

General purpose

2 touch electrodes

2 IRQs

2 LEDs

TM

External Use 40

Kinetis

MCU

MCG

RTC

MCUPower

ADC DAC VREF

USB JTAG SPI

OpAmpsTriAmps

TSI

sLCD

GPIO

8MHz

32kHz

Battery

RTC

WakeupSwitch

TWRPI Expansion

Touchpad

Buttons

LEDs

TWRPI-

SLCD

Temp.

sensorPotentiometers

Testing

circuit

Medical

Connector

Power

Analog

HMI

Low Power Board

TM

External Use 41

Low Power Board

TM

External Use 42

Analog Features

• Five potentiometers with individual

VDDA jumpers to avoid current

draw

• Glucose meter testing circuits

• Analog oriented layout

• External temp sensor

MCU

Analog

circuitry

JTAG

Power

USB

HMI TWRPIs

TM

External Use 43

RTC Wakeup Pin

MCU

Analog

circuitry

JTAG

Power

USB

HMI TWRPIs

Supports all Kinetis low power

modes : Run, Wait, Stop, VLPR,

VLPW, VLPS, LLS, VLLS3, VLLS,

VLLS1, BAT.

BAT (back-up battery only) – The chip is

powered down except for the VBAT supply

The RTC and the 32-byte VBAT register file

for customer-critical data remain powered

TM

External Use 44

RTC Wakeup Pin

When the MCU goes into VBAT mode, the RTC circuit turns off the

MCU power source leaving only VBAT enabled.

TM

External Use 45

RTC Wakeup Pin

RTC_MOSFET comes from the output of an SR latch circuit with the

following equivalent circuit. The schematic doesn’t have a latch

circuit because we are using NOR gates to reduce costs (U5).

TM

External Use 46

RTC Wakeup Pin

RTC_WAKEUP_B = RTC_WAKEUP pin from the K50. This signal

passes through a NOT gate prior to the latch Reset input.

RTC_BYPASS = Kinetis GPIO output connected to the latch Set

input.

TM

External Use 47

RTC Wakeup Pin

Q3 is configured as a MOSFET switch that allows or interrupts the

power in the microcontroller. RTC_MOSFET line determines the

state of this switch.

oRTC_MOSFET = logical 0 3.3Vo = 3.3V

oRTC_MOSFET = logical 1 3.3Vo = 0V

3.3Vo is the MCU voltage supply

TM

External Use 48

BGM Battery Calculator

Time

Po

we

r

Control Compute

Standby

Button

Polling

Measure

Display

Standby Button Polling Measure Display

900 nA 3.8 µA 48.9 µA 3.29 mA 3.8 µA

TM

External Use 49

BGM battery calculator

BGM measurements per day 3

Duration (minutes) 2 5 2 5

Standby Button wake

up Polling

Measurement Display Data

% Time 97.08 0.42 1.04 0.42 1.04

BGM actions None Insert strip Place blood BGM

Measurement

Functions needed RTC

wakeup pin

RTC

GPIO

LCD

RTC

ADC compare

LCD

RTC

AFE

TSI

LCD

CPU / DSP

RTC

LCD

Freescale MCU mode VLLS0 VLLS1 VLPS VLPR (2 MHz) VLLS1

Freescale system power 900 nA 3.8 µA 48.9 µA 3.29 mA 3.8 µA

Exit condition Button Strip insertion Blood detection Measure done Timeout

minutes per day 1398 6 15 6 15

current per day 873.8 nA 15.8 nA 509.4 nA 13.7 µA 39.6 nA 15.1 µA

Average current µA 15.1

Battery capacity (240

mAh) 240

Battery life

Hours 15844.85

Days 660.20

Years 1.81

TM

External Use 50

LAB 2 See RTC Wakeup pin working

TM

© 2014 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | External Use

www.Freescale.com