with your host…ms. turner! cancer & biotechnology test review
TRANSCRIPT
With your host…Ms. Turner!
Cancer & BiotechnologyTest Review
Vocab Cancer Biotechnology
DNA Fingerprintin
g
Miscellaneous
10 10 10 10 10
20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50
Vocab: 10
What is a tumor?
ANSWER
Vocab: 10 - Answer
An accumulation of cells (that don’t have the correct function for that
area)
Vocab: 20
Which word describes when a tumor is considered to be
dangerous? (that may eventually spread to
other tissues)ANSWER
Vocab: 20 - Answer
A malignant tumor
Vocab: 30
What is the word that describes when cells
from a malignant tumor have gained the ability to spread to different tissues in the body?
ANSWER
Vocab: 30 - Answer
Metastasis
Vocab: 40
What is the name of the technique that separates
macromolecules (like DNA or proteins) based
on their rate of movement through a gel?
ANSWER
Vocab: 40 - Answer
Gel Electrophoresis
Vocab: 50
What is a carcinogen?
Name two examples also.
ANSWER
Vocab: 50 - Answer
A carcinogen is a cancer-causing agent.
Examples: Asbestos, benzene, chemicals in tobacco smoke, some
viruses, types of radiation like x-rays and UV
Cancer : 10
True or False: Cancer cells have a controlled rate of
cell division.
ANSWER
Cancer : 10 - Answer
False: All cells should have a controlled rate of cell division.
Cancer cells have lost the ability to control division.
Cancer : 20
Name two types of cells that normally divide rapidly and
one that does not.
ANSWER
Cancer : 20 - Answer
Divide rapidly: Skin, hair, blood, and gut lining cells.
Divide slowly or once: Liver, Nerve cells
Cancer : 30
Name the two types of genes that regulate cell division
within cells.
ANSWER
Cancer : 30 - Answer
Proto oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
Cancer : 40
Why is it true that your risk for getting cancer
increases with age?
ANSWER
Cancer : 40 - Answer
Exposure to carcinogens is cumulative, meaning the
longer you’re exposed the greater your risk. Cancer is usually not cause by just
one mutation – it’s cause by many.
Cancer : 50
What specifically makes cancer cells so harmful to
the other cells around them?
ANSWER
Cancer : 50 - Answer
Cancer cells are undifferentiated, meaning they don’t do the job
they are supposed to. All of their energy goes into dividing and
they require a lot of nutrients to do so, thus they are using up the nutrients faster and essentially stealing them from nearby cells.
Biotechnology : 10
What units do micropipettes measure in?
ANSWER
Biotechnology : 10 - Answer
MicrolitersɥL
Biotechnology : 20
Which direction would DNA move in a gel
electrophoresis box? How do you know?
ANSWER
Biotechnology : 20 - Answer
DNA would move toward the positive end (the anode) because it is
negatively charged.
Biotechnology : 30
Name three properties that affect the rate of
movement of molecules through agarose gel.
ANSWER
Biotechnology : 30 - Answer
SizeChargeShape
Molecular Weight
Biotechnology : 40
What property of the agarose gel makes it useful to sort molecules by properties such as size and shape?
ANSWER
Biotechnology : 40 - Answer
Agarose gels contain microscopic pores that act as sieves (they sort
the molecules because it’s easier for some molecules to work their way through
the pores).
Biotechnology : 50
What is the purpose of the buffer used in gel electrophoresis?
ANSWER
Biotechnology : 50 - Answer
The buffer serves to make the water a better
conductor of electricity and to control
the pH.
DNA Fingerprinting : 10
Which fragment could you state is the smallest out of all of the
fragments on this DNA fingerprint? (Could be from any
lane)
ANSWER
DNA Fingerprinting : 10 - Answer
The band that is farthest from the wells is the
smallest.
DNA Fingerprinting : 20
What is the purpose of restriction enzymes?
ANSWER
DNA Fingerprinting : 20 - Answer
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific
sequences. (Thus making different sized fragments
of DNA that will make different bands on the gel)
DNA Fingerprinting : 30
Who committed the crime? How do you know?
ANSWER
DNA Fingerprinting : 30 - Answer
Bubba – his DNA fingerprint matches the DNA from the crime scene
DNA Fingerprinting : 40
What would have to be true for this Man to be the
child’s father?
ANSWER
DNA Fingerprinting : 40 - Answer
Half of the child’s DNA bands would match the mother’s and the other half would match the Man’s. Since it
doesn’t, the man is not the father.
DNA Fingerprinting : 50
Why do we use the control DNA (in lane 2) to help us determine if Valerie has
the mutation characteristic of Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
ANSWER
DNA Fingerprinting : 50 - Answer
The control test tube is used to compare if she has any normal p53 tumor suppressor genes.
In her blood and normal breast tissue she is heterozygous
meaning she has one normal gene and one mutated.
Miscellaneous: 10
In which phase do cells spend most of their time in
during the cell cycle?
ANSWER
Miscellaneous: 10 - Answer
Interphase
Miscellaneous: 20
What word describes when a tumor is considered to be harmless because it
does not spread to other tissues of the body?
ANSWER
Miscellaneous: 20 - Answer
Benign
Miscellaneous: 30
Name three types of treatment for cancer.
ANSWER
Miscellaneous: 30 - Answer
SurgeryRadiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Miscellaneous: 40
Describe the difference between radiation therapy
and chemotherapy.
ANSWER
Miscellaneous: 40 - Answer
Radiation therapy is where physicians use radiation to
burn or kill cells in a specific area. Chemotherapy is the
use of chemicals/medication to systematically kill cells that are rapidly dividing.
Miscellaneous: 50
Name two reasons for why it is important to stay within the designated
range of the micropipette.
ANSWER
Miscellaneous: 50 - Answer
1.So you don’t damage the micropipette
2.It is more accurate to pipette within the range.