wk.1 class presentation
DESCRIPTION
Hst 111 Week 1 SlidesTRANSCRIPT
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Class Learning Objective:
Students will be able to comprehend, examine, analyze and synthesis the pattern of early migration to the Americas, the accomplishments of the early American civilization and their impact on present cultural attitudes.
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Migration from Africa to “America”
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Where do we Mark the Beginning of America?
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Early Paleo-Indiana, 25,000-11,000 Years Ago
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Kennewick Man 2005, Atlatl Spear
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Clovis Hunters, 14,000 Years Ago
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Archaic Period about 7,000 years ago
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Native American Creation Stories
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Mesoamerica, Over 5,000 Year Ago
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Maize in Mesoameria
Maize Cultural : No Domesticated Animals
Agriculture: Corn, squash, beans
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Olmec Civilization3,000 years ago
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Chinampa
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Ball Court
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Codices (Hieroglyphics)
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Other Characteristics of Olmec Civilization
• human sacrifices • lip ornaments • periodic market systems • polished obsidian • sandals with heels • 13 as a ritual number year of 18 months of 20
days plus 5 extra days • wood clubs laced with flint or obsidian blades• stepped pyramids jade as precious stone
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Olmec/Egyptian
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End of Olmec Civilization
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New Era 500 to 1500 C.E.
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Geography of Incan Empire
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The Incan calendar was divided into 12 months. Each month was divided into 3 weeks. Each week had 10 days
Incan Achievements
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Quipas
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Farming
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Roads and Runners and Communication
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Government
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Inca Army
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Tax System
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Machu Picchu
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• Achievements important to the success of the Inca Empire:
• Communication: (roads, runners) • Specialized Professions (engineers, metal
workers, stone masons, other artisans) • Service Tax (huge free labor force) • Technology (terrace farming, surplus crops,
irrigation systems) • Strong Central Government (all powerful Inca,
strict laws, basic needs satisfied)
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• Recap of Inventions: • Terrace Farming • Freeze Dried Foods • Use of Gold and Silver • Marvelous Stonework • Wonderful Textiles • Aqueducts (the Incas were frequent bathers) • Hanging Bridges • Panpipes • Systems of Measurement (calendar, quipus)
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• Things they did NOT invent: • The wheel, a system of writing
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Mayan Civilization
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Aztec Empire
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Aztec View of Tenochtitlan
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Ruins of the City Center, Tenochtitlan
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The Codex Mendoza :
The
Foundingof
Tenochtitlan
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Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the Americas
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Floating Gardens
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Aztec Writing
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Aztec Sun Stone -- Calendar
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Aztec Sun Motifs
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Aztec Codex (15c Manuscript)
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The Aztecs WereFierce Warriors
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Aztecs Sacrifice Neighboring Tribes to the Sun God
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Heart Sacrificeon an Aztec Temple
Pyramid
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Wall of Skulls, Tenochtitlan
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Sacrificial Statue, Tenochtitlan
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Aztec Gold
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Group Discussion
• When we think of Native Americans we often visualize Indians on horseback with feather headdresses; tepees and buffalo robes. We get this image from television and movies, but it is not an accurate picture of almost all Indian tribes. Using what you know from your reading for this class or anything you read in the past or seen, what do you see as the “typical” Indian of the Pre-Columbian Era? Is there such a thing as a “typical” Indian in your estimation? Yes? No? Why do you feel the way you do? What evidence can you find to support your opinion?
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Aztec and Europe: End of a Civilization