Name:

Unit 3 - Motion

Chapter 9: Acceleration

DAY OUTLINE DATE

1 Ch.8 TestRead 9.1 summaries pg. 164-165Assignment: Velocity & Acceleration WKS

Positive,_Negative_and_Zero_Acceleration

2 9.1 Notes 1. Change in Velocity

Assignment: TQ pg. 391 #1,3,8,9 2. Acceleration

Calculating Change in Velocity WKS 3. Deceleration

3 9.1 Quiz 4. Velocity-time graph9.2 Notes (slides 1-5) 5. Constant AccelerationAssignment: TQ pg. 405 #11-13

Describing Motion WKS

4 9.2 Notes (slides 6-9) 6. GravityAssignment: Calculating Acceleration WKS 7. Acceleration due to

Analyzing Velocity-time Graphs WKS gravityMotion Match Up WKS 8. Air resistance

5 Acceleration Lab 9-2D pg.402-403

6 Ch.9 Review: Ch.9.1 & 9.2 Assessment WKSsCh. 9 Review pg. 406-407 #4,6,7,11-14,16-21Physics_Unit WKS

7 Unit 3 Review: pg. 413-417 #4, 8-12, 14, 18-20, 24-26, 29,31-33, 36-_51

8 Unit 3 Test (Ch.8 +9)Chapter 9 Key Terms due

Chapter 9: Acceleration KEY TERMS

Key Term Definition ExampleChange in velocity

Acceleration

Deceleration

Velocity-time graph

Constant acceleration

Average acceleration

Gravity

Acceleration due togravity

Air resistance

Des

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9.1 Describing Acceleration — Student Notes

• An object travelling with

____________________

• An object travelling with non-uniform motion will:

•have different

______________________________

•take different

_______________________________

•have a continuously______________________

has equal displacements in equal time intervals.

during equal time intervals.

to travel equal displacements.

Changes in Velocity

• A change in velocity () occurs when the

• Achangein

_________

• If the change in velocity is

_________________

of an object changes, or its

______

changes, or both.

can be calculated by: A = —

the object is travelling with

Positive Changes in Velocity

• If the change in velocity is the (+, -) as the initial velocity, the speed of the object is

Example: A = — = + 9m!s - (+6mIs) = + 3m/s

Negative Changes in Velocity

• If the change in velocity is the

____________________

object is

Example: z = S — = +2mIs - (+9mIs) = -7m!s

Acceleration

• isthe

-

(+, -) of the initial velocity, the speed of the

• the change in

_____________________

can be due to a change in

______________________

a change in

___________________________,

or both.

• two objects with the

___________________________

can have

__________________________

> this is because acceleration describes

________________________________________________

• Example: Suppose both of these vehicles, starting from rest, speed up to 60 km/h. They will have

the

___________________________

but since the dragster can get to 60 km/h faster than the old

car, the

Positive Acceleration

• The

__________

is the same as the

acceleration

velocity —

• Example#l: A car in the

____________________

direction.

> If we designate the forward direction as

__________

(+) then the change in velocity is

___________________

therefore the acceleration is

________________

(+).

_____________________direction.

> If we designate the forward direction as

_______________- ______________________

therefore the acceleration is

Positive and Negative Acceleration *Remember positive (+) and negative (-) refer to directions.*

Example#3: A

___________________________

in the

______________________

direction.

> If we designate the backward direction as

________________________

then the change in

velocity is

____________________________

therefore the acceleration is negative (-) even

though the car is increasing its speed.L =Vf

—

=(—4m!s)—(—lm/s)= —3m/s =

________________

= —4 mIs rn!s

[;‘e

___

positive (+) even though the car is

___________________________

its speed.

Av=vf—v=(—lm/s)—(—4m/s)=-f-3m/s=

Vf = —ImIs

Negative Acceleration

• Acceleration that is

_________

of motion is sometimes called

• Example#l: A car

______

the direction

acceleration

in the

(+) then the change in velocity is

• Example#4: A

__________________________

in the

___________________________

direction.

> If we designate the backward

___________________________as

negative (-) then the

________________________________is

positive (+), therefore the

____________________

is

= —4mIs

ApplyingName Date Knowledge

_______

Use with textbook page 382.

Calculating change in velocity1. Complete the following table by calculating the missing quantities. Positive (-i-)

represents the forward motion. Use the formula L= — . In the last column,

describe the change in velocity (e.g. object is slowing down, object is speeding up,

or object is in uniform motion).

Description of L

+ 14 rn/s + 5 rn/s object is slowing down+8m/s Orn/s

+25m/s +12m/s+20m/s —3Gm/s—38m/s —1Gm/s

—16m/s Orn/s—3m/s ÷22rn/s

2. Use the following data table to calculate the change in velocity for each time interval.

Suppose motion toward north is positive (+).

Time (s) Velocity (mis)

0 010 15

20 2830 28

40 22

50 12

a) Os—lOs...

b) lOs—20s..

c) 20s—30s.

d) 30s—40s.

e) 40s—50s

© 2008 McGraw-Hili Ryerson Limited Section 9.1 Describing Acceleration • MHR 167

9.2 Calculating Acceleration — Student Notes

Calculating Acceleration:

The

________________________

of an object depends on the

________________________________and

the

_____________required

to change the velocity.When stopping a moving object, the relationship between time and acceleration is:

the stopping time

_________________________

the acceleration

the stopping time

_________________________

the acceleration

zf

sloPe:

_25m1s

=13m1s2

2 3

• The slope of a velocity-time graph is

_____

•

_________________________

is measured in

Determining Motion from a Velocity-Time Graph:

•

___________________

slope (__

in the

acceleration) — object’s velocity is

direction.

S

0

increasing in the negative direction.

Velocity-Time Graphs:

• The motion of an object with

______________________________

is best represented by a

___________________________

graph.

• The motion of an object with

________________________________

is best represented by a

___________________________

graph.

Vefacity vs. Time

•0

0

=

20

50

40

30

20

10

Time (s)

Vefocity vs. Time

•

______________

slope(______________

acceleration) — object’s velocity is

•

___________________slope

(__________________acceleration) — object’s velocity is

_______________________

in the

__________________

direction or the object’s velocity is

During which time interval was

• The acceleration zero?• The acceleration negative?

The acceleration positive?• The object increasing it’s velocity north?• The object decreasing it’s velocity north?

0 The object moving at a constant velocity north?t2 t

Time (s)

-

Calculating Acceleration: a = (ä)(&) Lt =

Example 1: A pooi ball traveling at 2.5 mIs, towards the cushion bounces off at 1.5 mIs. If the ball wasin contact with the cushion for 0.20 s, what is the ball’s acceleration? (Assume towards the cushion isthe positive direction.)

Example 2: A car accelerates from rest at 3.0 mIs2 forward for 5.0 s. What is the velocity of the car atthe end of 5.0 s?

Example 3: A train is travelling east at 14 ni/s. How long would to increase its velocity to 22 ni’s east,if it accelerated at 0.50 mls2 east? (assign east direction positive (+)).

More Practice:1. A truck starting from rest accelerates uniformly to 18 ni’s [W] in 4.5 s. What is the truck’s

acceleration?

2. A toboggan moving 5.0 mIs forward decelerates backwards at -0.40 m1s2 for 10 s. What is thetoboggan’s velocity at the end of the 10 s?

3. How much time does it take a car, travelling south at 12 mIs, to increase its velocity tosouth if it accelerates at 3.5 mIs2 south?

26 mIs

that acts between

that move through the air.

Ignoring air resistance, all objects will

is a friction-like force that opposes the motion of objects

towards the Earth at

Calculating Motion Due to Gravity:Example: Suppose a rock falls from the top of a cliff. What is the change in velocity of the rock afterit has fallen for 1.5 s? (Assign “down” as negative (-))

Gravity and Acceleration:

Gravity is a

_____________

up

down

tf

More Practice:1. What is the change in velocity of a brick that falls for 3.5 s?

2. A ball is thrown straight up into the air at 14 m/s. How long does it take for the ball to slow down toan upward velocity of 6.0 mIs?

3. A rock is thrown downwards with an initial velocity of 8.0 mi’s. What is the velocity of the rock after1.5 s?

Name: Block: Date:

Science 10 Ch. 9.2 — Describing Motion Assignment

Example 1: The following position time graph shows an object travelling with uniform motion.

30

25

20

.45

oO0

Position vs Time

2 4 6 8 10Time (s)

The slope of the line is 2.5 mIs. Since the slope is constant, the corresponding velocity time graphwould be a horizontal line drawn at 2.5 m/s.

Velocity vs Time

e 10

0

00L

—

C00 -

C. 0 2 4 Time(s)6 8 10

1. Describe the motion of the following velocity-time graphs. Include the direction of travel,whether the object is accelerating or decelerating, and any times where the object stops movingaltogether.

a. Slopes:0-4s:

Velocity vs Time

V7

2

0

0 2 4

4-6s:

6-8s

8-lOs:6

Time(s)

8

80604020

-20. -40

-60

Velocity vs Time

b. Velocity vs Time12

10

g2

Slopes:O-2s:

2-6s:

6-1 Os:0 2 4 6 8 10

Time (s)

C. Velocity vs Time25

20

158‘10

5 \__0 2 4 6 8 10

Slopes:O-4s:

4-6s:

6-8s:

8-lOs:Time(s)

d.

--

Slope:0-lOs:

0 2 4 6 8 10

Time (s)

ApplyingName Date Knowledge

___________

Use with textbook pages 396-400.

Calculating acceleration1. What is the formula for each of the following quantities?

(a) acceleration (b) change in velocity (c) time interval

2. Complete the following table. Use the motion formula to calculate the missingquantities. Show all your work and use the correct units.

Ghange in Time Acceleration Formula Used andVelocity Calculation Shownl4OmJs 8s 17,5m/s2

t 8

—60 km/h 4 h

120 km/h 48 km/h2

15s —3.5 rn/s2

12m/s 2.5s

—25 rn/s —12.5 rn/s2

9.6h 5km/h2

3. Solve each problem using the appropriate motion formula. Show all your work anduse the correct units.

a) A car moving north goes from 5.56 m/s to 63.9 rn/s in 7.5 s. What is theacceleration?

b) If a sprinter starts a race and has an acceleration of 2.4 rn/s2 in 2.5 s, what is hisfinal velocity, assuming the initial velocity is 0 m/s2?

c) A rock accelerates at —9.8 rn/s2 when falling. How long does it take to change itsvelocity from —4.5 rn/s to —19.4 m/s?

d) A satellite released from a stationary space shuttle accelerates to +68 rn/s2 in25 s. What is its change in velocity?

172 MHR • Section 9.2 Calculating Acceleration © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Umited

line above the x-axis

line below the x-axis

line with a positive slope

line with a negative slope

(f) a horizontal section of the graph

_______

(g) a point where the line crosses the x-axis

0 2 4 6 8 10 12Time (s)

2. Complete the following table. Describe the slope,ball (e.g. positive, negative, or zero).

MOTION OF A BALL

Time Interval Slope Acceleration Velocity

Os—2s

2s—6s

6s—8s

8s—12s

3. Describe the motion of the ball at each time interval.

(a) 0 s — 2 s —

(b) 2 s — 6 s -

(c) 6 s — 8 s

(d) 8s—12s

acceleration, and velocity of the

Name DateAnalyzing

Information

Use with textbook pages 394-396.

Analyzing velocity-time graphs1. What is the meaning of each of the following features of a velocity-time graph?

(a) the slope of the line

_____________________________________

(b) a

____________________________________

(c) a

_____________________________________

(d) a

____________________________________

(e) a

______________________________________

Use the following velocity-time graph representing the motion of a ball moving tothe right on a table to answer questions 2 and 3.

—4

© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Umited Section 9.2 Calculating Acceleration • MHR 173

DATE: NAME; CLASS;

CHAPTERg4

Motion Match-up B L M319

Goal • Review your understanding of terms that describe motion.

Match each statement on the left with the correct term on the right. Write the term’s letter inthe appropriate space. You will not need to use every term.

1.

____

motion with no change in speed or direction A. acceleration

2.

____

a physical quantity that has magnitude but no direction B. acceleration due togravity3.

____

descnbes how much an object s position has changedC. air resistance

4.

____

the total length of a journey that an object takesD. average acceleration

5.

____

describes how fast an object is moving, but not its directionE. average velocity

6.

____

difference between initial time and final time F. best-fit line7.

____

the location of an object as seen by an observer G. change in velocity8.

____

quantity with both magnitude and direction H. constant

9.

_____

friction-like force acceleration

10

_____

9 8 mi’s2 I. deceleration

J. distance11.

_____

can be a smooth curve or straight lineK. gravity

12.

____

allows us to picture or visualize motionL. velocity

13.

____

describes the speed and direction of motion M. uniform14.

____

occurs when the speed of an object changes, or its direction N. motion diagramof motion changes, or both o. position

15.

____

acceleration that is opposite to the direction of motion P. position-time graph16.

____

the change in an object’s velocity (increase or decrease) in a Q. timegiven period of time R. time interval

17.

____

rate of change in position for a time interval S. scalar

18.

____

when an event occurs T. speed

sope19.

____

the nse of a graph over its runV. displacement20.

____

represented by the slope on a velocity-time graphW. vector

X. velocity-time graph

Copyright © 2008, McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, a subsidiary of the McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.This page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher.

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Physics Unit (mo 5O O’c’rfkL)\0uxx 9

1. (a) A car moves east along a highway at 90.0 km/h for I h and 15 mm. What isthe car’s displacement?

(b) How long will it take for a person walking at 3.8 m/s north to move 125 m?

2. A car starts from rest and accelerates at a steady rate, reaching a final velocityof 24.0 m/s in 12 s.

(a) Calculate the acceleration of the car.

(b) Calculate the average velocity of the car.

0(4(c) What is the total displacement of the car?

0(4V

3. A single-engine airplane leaves an airport and flies to another airport 850 kmnorth. It takes 4.0 h to complete the flight. What is the velocity of the airplane?

4. A truck travels from City A due west to City B, a distance of 210 km. The totaltime for the trip is two hours and fifteen minutes. What is the average velocity ofthe truck?

5. A bus travels from City X due east toward City Y. If the bus travels at anaverage velocity of 90 kmlh[E], what will be the displacement of the bus 4.5 hlater?

6. How many seconds will it take a speedboat travelling at 70.0 kmlh[SJ to covera distance of 5.0 km?

7. Donovan Bailey set the world indoor track record in 1996 by running forward50 m in just 5.56 s. What was Bailey’s average velocity’?

8. A boat travels across a 450 m lake with an average forward velocity of 5.0rn/s. How much time does it take for this boat to cross the lake?

9. The motion of an elevator is represented by the position-time graph below.Describe, using words, the motion of the elevator during the 30 s time interval.

0-lOs:10-20s:20-30 s:

Position vs. Time

-.

dE-•- ..

..: L.a. .

7

..

..

:1

10. As you approach a town while you are driving, you take your foot off theaccelerator. The car slows down from 90 kmlh[S] to 50 km/h{S] in 8.0 s. What isthe acceleration of the car?

11. A rock falls from the top of a high cliff. How long would it take this rock toreach a velocity of 25 m/s downward? (Hint: acceleration due to gravity is 9.8m1s2down)