WOCAT Training at SOFTEC/LAREC

World Overview of Conservation

Approaches and Technologies

Kampong Chhnang, Cambodia

22. – 25. June 2014

2

Programme

Date Content

Sunday 22.6 Introduction to WOCAT questionnaires (Technologies) ->

preparation for field

Monday 23.6. • Field day (morning): Technology documentation

• Afternoon: Introduction to Approach questionnaire ->

preparation for field

Tuesday 24.6. • Field day (morning): Approach, entering data to QA

• Afternoon: selection of As and Ts, data entering of QT

Wednesday

25.6. (1/2

day)

• Data entry in web

• Introduction to Climate Change questionnaire

• Debriefing and wrap up

Start 8:30

Departure to PP: 13:00, 11:30 lunch

3

1. Introduction to WOCAT Technologies and

Approaches questionnaires

• Group work on questionnaires

• Preparation for field

2. Make WOCAT account

3. Introduction to WOCAT climate change

questionnaire

• Group work on questionnaires

• Preparation for field

Programme for Sunday 22.6.

4

Introduction to WOCAT Tools

Questionnaires on

Technologies (QT) and Approaches (QA)

5

Transect walk

6

7

8

9

Rice straw on field

A Technology to be documented.

10

A framework for documentation and evaluation

11

Who should fill the questionnaires?

A team of SLM specialists who are familiar with the details of the SLM

technology (technical, financial, socio-economic)

… making use of existing documents and seeking advice from land

users as much as possible

If there is no hard data available, provide a best estimate based on your

professional judgement!

12

SLM Technologies

Questionnaire

13

SLM Technology

Definition:

“agronomic,

vegetative, structural

and/or management

measures that

prevent and control

land degradation

and enhance

productivity in the

field”

SLM Technology

16

17

Leave rice straw on field

G. Schwilch

Questionnaires on SLM technologies & approaches

Documenting information fromand with landusers

Documenting SLM knowledge at field level

Entering data in questionnaire

Entering data in database

Computer data entry form

19

20

Shaded areas: questions

Unshaded areas: explanationsor examples

Read very carefully and thoroughly

(also the introduction)

General Principles

21

Open questions

If information is not available or question is not

applicable always indicate: n/a

Types of questions

22

Instructions on circles and square boxes

Ranking categories

23

Illustrations / Photos

24

Good photos

and drawings

are essential

PART 1: GENERAL INFORMATION1.1 Contributing SLM specialist(s)

If several SLM specialists are involved, write the name of the main

resource person and his / her institution below and

add the other person(s) details in the Annex 1.

Last name / surname:

.......................................................................................

First name(s):

...........................................................

female ˜ male ˜

Current institution and address:

Name of institution: ..................

Address of institution: ..............

Postal Code:---

1.2 Brief identification of SLM Technology (see introduction, page i)

Country: Burkina Faso.........................................................

Technology code:

Technology code: boxes 1-3: country code; boxes 4-6: consecutive number;

will be assigned automatically when entering questionnaire information in the

database

1.2.1 Common name of SLM Technology: Composting associated with

planting pits

Do not use generic names but be more specific to ensure that the

Technology can be distinguished from similar ones (easier identification).

1.2.2 Local or other name(s) (with language)

Zai avec apport de compost

B R K 0 1 0

QT p. 1

1.3 Area information

1.3.1 Define the area in which the SLM Technology has been applied

Includes both the area occupied by conservation measures and the additional area protected by them

State / Province: Boulgou Province

District / Commune:

Total SLM technology area: 200 km2

If precise area is not known, indicate approximately.

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

• 0.1 - 1 km2

• 1 - 10 km2

• 10 - 100 km2

• 100 km2 - 1,000 km2

• 1,000 km2 - 10,000 km2

• > 10,000 km2

QT p. 3

Compost production, and its application in planting pits (zai) by farmers

on fields near their homes.

Compost is produced in shallow pits, approximately 20 cm deep and 1.5 m by 3

m wide. During November and December layers of chopped crop residues,

animal dung and ash are heaped, as they become available, up to 1.5 m high

and watered.

QT p. 4

2.2.2.1 On which current land use type is the Technology applied?

Land use type(s) - subcategory(ies): agro-pastoral (usually one type, maximum two)

If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use type

before and after:

Original land use (before implementation of SLM Technology):

........................................................................................................................................

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology) (if relevant):.............................................................................................................................................................

2.2 Purpose and classification

Population increase has led to cultivation of all the available arable land, thus

shortening or eliminating fallow periods. Organic matter in the soil is reduced, the

water holding capacity of the soil has diminished and consequently yields have

fallen. This has been compounded by the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.

QT p. 7

30

C: Cropland: land used for cultivation of crops,

including fallow (field crops, orchards): Ca: annual cropping

Cp: perennial non-woody cropping

Ct: perennial tree and shrub cropping

Land use types

G: Grazing land: land used for animal production: Ge: extensive grazing land

Gi: intensive grazing land

F: Forests / woodlands: land used mainly for wood

production, other forest products, recreation, protection: Fn: natural

Fp: plantations, afforestation

Fo: other (e.g. selective cutting of natural forests and

incorporating planted species).

31

Land use types:

M: Mixed: mixture of land use types within the same

land unit: Mf: agroforestry (cropland and forest)

Mp: agropastoralism (cropland and grazing land)

Ma: agrosilvopastoralism (cropland, grazing land and

forest)

Ms: silvopastoralism (forest and grazing land)

Mo: other

O: Other land: Oi: mines and extractive industries,

Os: settlements, roads, infrastructure network,

Oo: others (wastelands, deserts, glaciers).

32

Ranking categories

2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d

A SLM Technology consists of one or more SLM measures

belonging to the following categories:

QT p. 8

33

Agronomic

Agronomic measures such as mixed cropping,

contour cultivation, mulching, etc.

• Are usually associated with annual crops

• Are repeated routinely each season or in a rotational sequence

• Are of short duration and not permanent

34

Vegetative

Vegetative measures such as grass strips, hedge

barriers, windbreaks, etc.

• Involve the use of perennial grasses, shrubs or trees

• Are of long duration

35

Structural

Structural measures such as terraces, banks, bunds,

constructions, palisades, etc.

• Often lead to a change in slope profile

• Are of long duration or permanent

36

Management

Management measures such as land use change,

area closure, rotational grazing, etc.

• Involve a fundamental change in land use

• Involve no agronomic and structural measures

37

Combinations

Combinations in conditions where they are complementary

and thus enhancing each other.

Any combinations of the above measures are possible, e.g.:

Structural: terrace with

Vegetative: fruit trees and grass with

Agronomic: fertilization.

38

Back to our example…

Composting associated with planting pits

1

39

2.2 Purpose and classification

1

QT p. 9

40

Fotos: H.P. Liniger

Mitigation / „Cure“Prevention „Rehab“

Stage of SLM intervention

42

• W: Soil erosion by

water

Land Degradation types

Source: WOCAT 2007

• E: Soil erosion by

wind

• C: Chemical soil

deterioration

• P: Physical soil

deterioration

• B: Biological

degradation

• H: Water

degradation

43

2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d

Ha: aridification 1

Pc: compaction 1

Wt: loss of topsoil 2

Cn: fertility decline and reduced OM 1

QT p. 9

2.2.2.5 What were the main causes of land degradation

(identified in 2.2.2.4)?

Direct causes

- Human induced

Deforestation /removal of natural vegetation

Over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use

Other human induced causes: abandonment of fallows

- Natural

Change of seasonal rainfall

Indirect:

Education, access to knowledge and support services

Demographics

Poverty / wealth

2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d

QT p. 10

45

1 x

x

x

QT p. 12

46

2.4 Technical Drawing

QT p. 13

2.5 Technical specifications, implementation

activities, inputs and costs for

Choose among

•2.5.1. agronomic measures QT15 -17

•2.5.2. vegetative measures QT 18 - 20

•2.5.3. structural measures QT 21 - 24

•2.5.4. management measures QT 25 - 27

Type and layout, type of management

Activities, inputs, and costs (establishment

and maintenance)

QT p. 14/15

48

2.6 Overview of costs

QT p. 28

2.7 Natural environment

• Average annual rainfall

• Agro-climatic zone

• Growing seasons per year

• Altitude

• Landforms

• Slopes

• Soil information - depth, texture, etc.

• Water information – availability, quality, etc.

• Biodiversity

QT p. 30-34

50

2.7.5 Adaptation to climate variability

QT p. 31

2.8 Human environment and land use

• Land users applying technology

• Population density

• Land ownership / Land use and water use

rights

• Significance of off-farm income

• Access to services and infrastructure

• Market orientation

• Cropping system, size, etc. of production

systems (e.g. cropland, grazing land)

QT p. 35-41

52

PART 3: Analysis

3.1 Impacts

QT p. 42

53

x

x

x

x

QT p. 48

54

QT p. 50

Possibility of doubling cereal

yields in normal years: any

surplus production can be sold

Produce enough good

compost/manure.

Ensures yields in dry years, giving

security against drought and

hunger

The modest quantity of compost

applied is not enough to replace

the nutrients extracted by the

crops in the long term

Small amounts of nitrogen and

phosphorous fertiliser need to be

added and crop rotation

practiced.

55

Documented questionnaire

nicely presented (reader

friendly) in a 4-page

summary

Standardized SLM Technologies

Automatically generated from the database!

57

58

A framework for documentation and evaluation

59

SLM Approach

60

SLM Approach

Addresses questions:

• How was implementation achieved?

• Who achieved it?

61

A ‘SLM Approach’ - as defined by WOCAT:

A SLM Approach defines the ways and means

used to promote and implement a SLM

Technology and to support it in achieving more

sustainable soil and water use.

A ‘SLM Approach’ - refers to a particular land

conservation activity, be it an official project/

programme, an indigenous system, or changes in a

farming system towards more sustainable soil and

water use.

SLM Approach cont.

62

A ‘SLM Approach has following elements:

• All participants (policy-makers, administrators,

experts, technicians, land users, i.e. actors at all

levels),

• inputs and means (financial, material,

legislative, etc.),

• and know-how (technical, scientific, practical).

SLM Approach cont.

63

• Approach includes different levels of intervention: from the individual farm, through the community level, the extension / advisory system, the regional or national administration, or the policy level, to the international framework.

• WOCAT includes indigenous conservation measures and spontaneous adoptions or adaptations of SLM Technologies.

• QA addresses the questions of how implementation was achieved and who achieved it.

SLM Approach cont.

64

Zabré women’s agroecological programme

Approach example

A demand-driven initiative, by a women’s association, aimed

at the promotion of composting through training and

extension, using project staff and local facilitators.

65

66

PART 1: General Information

• Contributing SLM specialist(s) (1.1)

• Identification of SLM approach (1.2)

• Area Information (1.3)

1.2.4 Did the Approach concentrate / focus:

- on conservation only

- mainly on conservation with other activities

- mainly on other activities

Give keywords for the other activities:

.........................................................................................

QA p. 1

67

Description, objectives and operation (2.1)

• Organogram/ organization chart/ flow chart (2.1.2 )

PART 2: Specification

QA p. 4

68

2.1.3 Main problems addressed by the approach

PART 2: Specification cont’d

QA p. 7

69

2.1.5 Decision making

x

QA p. 8

70

2.2. Participation

2.2.2. Land user involvement

QA p. 9

71

Questions on gender / disadvantaged groups

x

Differences in participation between men and women: There were great differences –

in the beginning at least – when AFZ merely asked the men to ‘allow’ their wives to

learn about composting. After two years, men started to participate in the training and

eventually as many of them as women began to make and use compost. Another

difference was in discussions, when men tended to dominate.

QA p. 11

72

2.3 Financing Costs met by different contributors/donors (2.3.1.1)

2.4 Technical support & promotion Training / awareness raising (2.4.1.1)

Forms of training for land users (2.4.1.2)

How adequate is advisory service (2.4.2.2)

Research type – on station or on farm or both (2.4.3.2)

2.5. External material supportWhat was financed and under which conditions? (2.5.1.3)

Were local institutions supported under the approach (2.5.3)

PART 2: Specification cont’d

73

PART 3: Analysis

3.1 Methods for monitoring & evaluation

3.1.1.1 Describe monitoring procedures

3.1.2 Changes due to monitoring and evaluation

QA p. 15

74

3.2 Impact analysis

3.2.1 Land management

3.2.2 Socio economic

3.2.3 Training, advisory service and research

3.2.4 Land ownership, land use rights/ water rights and

legislation

3.2.1.1 Did the Approach help land users to improve sustainable land

management?

3.2.2.2 Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-

being?

3.2.4.1 To what degree did the existing land ownership, land use rights /

water rights help or hinder the Approach implementation?

PART 3: ANALYSIS

QA p. 16

PART 3: Concluding statements

QA p. 20

Standardized SLM Technologies & Approaches

Automatically generated from the database!

documented and presented in standardized WOCAT format

… enhanced through messages from land users

audio-visual messages from land user to land user

SLM Technologies and Approaches

WOCAT Online database

Synthesized experiences (global, regional national)

Inventories of practices and guidelines:

– Rainwater Harvesting (2013) - guidelines to good practice

– where the land is greener (2007): Global overview book, with a

selection of 70 case studies, analysis and policy points (E,F,S)

– National overview books (Ethiopia, China, Nepal, Bangladesh,

Mongolia, Senegal, Tunisia, etc.)

83

• Build small groups and have a detailed look at the

Technologies (QT) and Approach (QA) questionnaires

translation into Khmer for students

• Which questions are not clear, where do you see problems?

Preparation for field days:

• Look through QT and QA and prepare to document:

• QT: rice straw on field

• QA: model farmer

• Which questions can you already answer?

• Which questions do you have to ask to farmers/land users?

• Prepare discussion with land users and how to translate

technical terms from English to Khmer?

Group work (QT/QA)

84

85

• Build small groups and have a detailed look at the Climate

Change questionnaire (QC)

translation into Khmer for students

• Which questions are not clear, where do you see problems?

Preparation for field days:

• Look through QC and prepare to evaluate:

• QT: rice straw on field

• Which questions can you already answer?

• Which questions do you have to ask to farmers/land users?

• Prepare discussion with land users and how to translate

technical terms in English to Khmer?

Group work (QC)

86

How to register for WOCAT

https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Metho

ds/WOCAT_registration_process_en.pdf

How to register for WOCAT

1. Go on www.wocat.net

2. Click on “Login” in the upper right corner of the site

3. Click on “Create a new account”

How to register cont’d

4. Enter required information (marked by a star):

Institution: enter the first letters of your institution and check

if the full name turns up

–if yes, continue filling in the form

–if not, write full name and click on “add your institution”

Fill in the form

5. Click on “create account” to finalize

6. After carefully rereading all the information click again on

“create account”, a registration confirmatin message will

show up

7. Go to your e-mail account and follow instructions. Afterwards

you will have to wait until the WOCAT secretariat has

reviewed your information and sent you a confirmation e-

mail.

Why a WOCAT account?

The WOCAT account will give you access to

– the database on SLM Approaches

– the database on SLM Technologies

– the database on Degradation and SLM Mapping

read access is also possible without a log in

– receive the WOCAT newsletter

– access some specific sites (e.g. addressdatabase)

If you create a WOCAT account, your address informationwill be available for the logged in WOCAT users.

You can register as:

Information only

Active user (needed to enter data)